...Assignment On Evolution of Management thought Submitted To: Dr. Abu Hossain Siddique Professor Department of International Business, University of Dhaka Submitted By: Aklas Khan Chowdhury ID: 801413020 Subject: Principles of Management (EIB-506) (Section: B) 12th Batch, EMBA Department of International Business, University of Dhaka Date of submission: April 07, 2014 Introduction: Despites the inexactness and relative crudity of management theory and science, the development of thought on management dates back to the days when people first attempted to accomplish goals by working together in groups. Although modern operational management theory dates primarily from the twentieth century there was serious thinking and theorizing about managing many years before. We can see that the many different contributions of writers and practitioners have resulted in different contributions of writers and practitioners have resulted in different approaches to management, and these make up a man management theory jungle. We will first focus on the emergence of management thought, who have made significant contribution in the evaluation of management thought, major contribution are noted. Definition of Management: Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims (Koontz and Weihrich 1990, p. 4). In its expanded form, this basic definition means several...
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...workers. EXAMPLE: In many ways McDonalds, Kentucky Fried Chicken(KFC) are the archetypical examples of organizations employing Scientific Management in production. Within this restaurant chain, uniformity is complete; no matter what country we are in every branch of McDonalds is the same, as the methods they use to prepare food, clean floors, promote staff and lock up on closing. It is this ability to efficiently supply standard food and service throughout the world that has allowed McDonalds to become the biggest restaurant chain on the planet. Frank and Lilian Gilbreth, this couple invented a device called microchronometer and has contributed to eliminate unnecessary body movements of labors and thus save time. Using Gilbreth’s techniques, a bricklayer for example was more productive and less fatigued at the end of his/her working day. The Gilbreths implied their idea on their family too! Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, parents of 12 children, ran their household using scientific management principles and techniques. Two of their children wrote a book, Cheaper by the Dozen, that described life with the two masters...
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...practice industrial/organizational psychology was experimental psychologists ( ). Originally starting in the United Kingdom with the focus on employee health and level of fatigue. When industrial/organizational psychology was founded in the United States it was by American Psychologists Hugo Munsterberg and Walter Dill Scott. The field of industrial/organizational psychology went through a series of major events, all occurring in the United States. Another key figure was Frederick Taylor, who pioneered Scientific Mangagement; his approach on handling production workers in factories. It was Taylor who believed that there was four key factors or guidelines for all employees, across the board. It is the husband and wife team of Lilian & Frank Gilbreth who are credited as the first to receive a Industrial/Organizational Psychology degree. Most credit Bruce V. Moore with the obtaining the first psychology degree in this field, in 1921. It wasn't until World War 1, in both the UK and USA, that I/O Psychology was put in to use. in the United Kingdom the Health of Munitions was established in 1915 to deal with issues regarding employee health, safety, and efficiency. In the United States it was marked by the entry in to war in 1917. This caused a...
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...Management is studied in business academics since earlier times and it is considered as an integral part to understand business operations. People have been changing and redesigning organizations for centuries. Though the 20th century is noticeable in history as an 'Era of scientific management', still it does not indicate that management tactics were not used in yester years. Many studies indicated that Management theory evolved with "scientific" and "bureaucratic" management that used measurement, procedures and routines as the basis for operations. Firms developed hierarchies to apply standardized rules to the place of work and penalized labour for violating rules. With the "human relations" movement, companies emphasized individual workers. Modern management theories, including system theory, contingency theory and chaos theory, focus on the whole organization, with employees as a key part of the system. The evaluation of management theory can be categorized in to different parts: * Pre-Scientific Management Era (before 1880), * Classical management approach Era (1880-1930), * Neo-classical Management Era (1930-1950), * Modern Management era (1950-on word). Classical Management approach includes Scientific Management, Administration Management, and Bureaucracy Management, human relation. Neo- classical Management includes Human relation and Behavioural Management. Modern Management includes Quantitative Management, System Management Approach, and Contingency...
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...kepada Pengurusan Definisi Pengurusan ► Definisi pengurusan B Proses Pengurusan ► Proses C Keberkesanan dan Kecekapan ► Definisi kecekapan ► Definisi keberkesanan ► Sejauh manakah seseorang pengurus yang berkesan adalah pengurus yang cekap? D Fungsi Pengurusan ► Empat fungsi pengurusan • Perancangan • Pengorganisasian • Kepemimpinan • Pengawalan Peranan Pengurus ► Definisi pengurus ► Jenis-jenis pengurus mengikut tahap pengurusan ► Jenis-jenis pengurus mengikut skop aktiviti pengurusan ► Empat peranan pengurus E F Pendekatan dan Evolusi Pengurusan 1 ► Pendekatan pra-klasikal • Robert Owen • Charles Babbage • Henry R. Towne ► Pendekatan klasikal • Teori pengurusan saintifik - Frederick Taylor - Frank dan Lilian Gilbreth - Henry L. Gantt • Teori organisasi klasikal - Henri Fayol - Max Weber - Chester Barnard ► Pendekatan gelagat • Pergerakan hubungan kemanusiaan • Teori sains gelagat - Teori Lima Kehendak Maslow - Teori McGregor ► Pendekatan kuantitatif • Teori sains pengurusan • Teori pengurusan operasi • Teori sistem pengurusan maklumat ► Pendekatan kontemporari • Teori sistem • Teori kontingensi 2.2 A Perancangan Definisi Perancangan ► Perancangan ► Skop perancangan B Kepentingan Perancangan ► Enam kepentingan perancangan C Matlamat dalam Perancangan ► Jelas dan mudah difahami 2 ► Dapat diukur ► Realistik ► Jangka masa tertentu D Jenis Rancangan ► Rancangan berasaskan format ► Rancangan berasaskan jangka masa liputan...
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...UNVERSITY OF GUYANA social science department of business & management studies Group Assignment Names: Alexis Parris-14/0312/1864 Narotam Bisnauth- Sherry Wilson-Fraser- Willana Cameron- Jenelle Richards- Kester Bowen- Course: ACT 2101 Semester 1 for the Academic Year: 2015-2016 Presented to: Ms. Elizabeth Persaud 2015 lucky 10/1/2015 Table of Content Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..2-3 Description………………………………………………………………………………..4-16 Analysis………………………………………………………………………………………17- Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………… Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………. Introduction Management theories have evolved over a number of centuries. According to (Koontz and Weihrich 1990, p 4), management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims. Theories are perspectives with which people make sense of their world experiences (Stoner et.al 1995, p 31-32). Theory is a systematic grouping of interdependent concepts and principles that give a significant area of knowledge. Theory is in its lowest form a classification, a set of pigeon holes, a filing cabinet in which fact can accumulate. Nothing is more lost than a loose fact, (Homans 1958, p 5). Management theories are the set of general rules that guide the managers to manage an organization. Management theories...
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...Management Practice and Theory Student’s name: Instructor’s Name: Class Name and Code: University: Date of Submission: TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………… iii Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………. 4 Organisation Effectiveness ……………………………………………………………. 5 Team Effectiveness …………………………………………………………………… 6 Management Theories ……………………………………………………………….... 8 Command and Control ………………………………………………………………… 9 Scientific Management ……………………………………………………………….. 10 Bureaucratic Organisation ……………………………………………………………. 11 Subordination to Community ………………………………………………………… 11 Management as a discipline ………………………………………………………….. 12 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………… 12 References …………………………………………………………………………... 13 Executive summary A professional manager will acknowledge the contribution of team effectiveness to overall organizational success. Teams will often require leaders to ensure delegation and coordination of group activities for a team to attain the desirable results. This paper seeks to establish influence of management theories on a professional manager both at team and organisation level. The management theory adopted by a leader will determine their style of leadership thus their relationship with employees and other key stakeholders. Introduction A team is a small group of workers with complimentary expertise who share common goals whereby group interests precede over individual interest. Teamwork is essential in organisations...
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...Euro. J. History of Economic Thought 14:1 55 – 78 March 2007 Alfred Marshall’s critical analysis of scientific management* Katia Caldari The value of a machine to a business can be calculated on the basis of its efficiency for its immediate work. But the value of an employee must be estimated (. . .) with a view to the probable development of his capacities: and the difficulty of this task is increased by the conditions of modern business. (Marshall 1919: 350) The dependence of industrial leadership on individuality and creative faculty has not been greatly effected by the predominance of routine in staple manufacture. (Marshall Library Archive, Red Box 1) 1. Introduction In 1911, in America, F.W. Taylor published his famous book, Principles of Scientific Management, in which new principles of industrial organization are suggested and the advantages of an extreme division of labour and mechanization are stressed. Taylor’s theory of scientific management played a very important role in shaping the early twentieth century factory system, both in America and in Address for correspondence University of Padua, Italy; e-mail: katia.caldari@unipd.it * An earlier draft of this paper was presented at the History of Economics Society’s Annual Meeting, 4 – 7 July 2003, Duke University, Durham. I would like to thank all the participants to my section for their helpful comments, in particular James Henderson, Mary Morgan, Michel Que ´ and Malcolm Rutherford. For...
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...Úvod do managementu Co je to management? Souhrn všech činností, které je potřeba udělat, aby byl zabezpečen chod organizace. Trojí význam slova management 1. Specifická aktivita (profese) – vertikální a horizontální propojení (vazby podřízenosti/nadřízenosti, spolupráce se stejně postaveným spolupracovníkem) 2. Skupina řídících pracovníků (personifikace pojmu) 3. Vědní disciplína (s prvky umění) Klíčová slova: management, manažer, manažerské funkce, úrovně managementu, prostředí managementu Rozdíl mezi managementem a řízením – pokud jsou dobře chápány, tak mezi nimi rozdíl není. Management – – – – – − − − − − – – – Souhrn všech činností, které je třeba udělat, aby byla zabezpečena funkce organizace Umění dosáhnout toho, aby lidé udělali to, co je třeba Umění rozdělit práci jiným Soubor názorů zkušeností doporučení přístupů a metod, kterých vedoucí pracovníci (manažeři) užívají k zvládnutí specifických činností (manažerských funkcí), jež jsou nezbytné k dosažení cílů organizace (podnikatelských záměrů) Mobilizace a aktivace všech zdrojů a podstupování rizik s cílem dosáhnout žádoucích přínosů pro řízenou instituci Specifické aktivity zaměřené na to, aby lidé dělali, co je třeba „tah na branku“ – vše je podřízeno cíli při zohlednění výkonnosti organizace Priority, hierarchie cílů Rychlé změny, turbulentní globalizované prostředí (prostředí náhlých, prudkých změn s riziky globalizace) Riziko – identifikace, podstupování, respektování, minimalizace Manažeři první linie (lower...
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...Human Resource Management Review 18 (2008) 87–99 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Human Resource Management Review j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / h u m r e s Job analysis for a changing workplace Parbudyal Singh ⁎,1 School of Administrative Studies, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3 a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Job analysis sits at the heart of all human resource practices, making it a critically important management activity in every organization. However, with increasing competition, shorter product life-cycles, rapid technological innovations, and the changing nature of organizational structures, its underlying assumptions are becoming increasingly questionable in today's dynamic work environment. Moreover, the methods used by traditional job analysis are simply not applicable to many new and emerging jobs and some authors feel it may even be an obstacle to organizational success. This has led to calls for a more proactive and strategic approach to job analysis so that the procedures will continue to be relevant. In this article, I emphasize the need for a strategic approach to job analysis, present a strategic job analysis framework, and discuss implications for organizations. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Strategic job analysis Job analysis Changing workplace Competency modelling 1. Introduction Job analysis may be viewed as...
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...Business research Business research can be described as a systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific problem encountered in the work setting that needs a solution. It comprises a series of steps designed and executed, with a goal of finding answers to the issues that are of concern to the manager in the work environment. This means that the first step in research is to know where the problem areas exist in the organization, and to identify as clearly and specifically as possible the problems that need to be studied and resolved. Once the problem that needs attention is clearly defined, then steps can be taken to gather information, analyze the data, and determine the factors that are associated with the problem and solve it by taking the necessary corrective measures. This entire process by which we attempt to solve problems is called research. Thus research involves a series of well-thought-out and carefully executed activities that will enable the manager to know how organizational problems can be solved, or at least considerably minimized. Research thus encompass the process of inquiry, investigation, examination, and experimentation. These processes have to be carried out systematically, diligently, critically, objectively, and logically. The expected end results would be the discovery that will help the manager to deal with the problem situation. Definition of research 1. A voyage of discovery or a journey/movement from the known to unknown; An attitude;...
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...McGraw-Hill Create™ Review Copy for Instructor Espinoza. Not for distribution. Course BBE 4505 Omar Espinoza University Of Minnesota NATURAL RESOURCES McGraw-Hill Create™ Review Copy for Instructor Espinoza. Not for distribution. http://create.mcgraw-hill.com Copyright 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. This McGraw-Hill Create text may include materials submitted to McGraw-Hill for publication by the instructor of this course. The instructor is solely responsible for the editorial content of such materials. Instructors retain copyright of these additional materials. ISBN-10: 1121789048 ISBN-13: 9781121789043 McGraw-Hill Create™ Review Copy for Instructor Espinoza. Not for distribution. Contents 1. Preface 1 2. Methods, Standards, and Work Design: Introduction 7 Problem-Solving Tools 27 3. Tex 29 4. Operation Analysis 79 5. Manual Work Design 133 6. Workplace, Equipment, and Tool Design 185 7. Work Environment Design 239 8. Design of Cognitive Work 281 9. Workplace and Systems Safety 327 10. Proposed Method Implementation 379 11. Time Study 413 12. Performance Rating and Allowances 447 13. Standard Data and Formulas 485 14. Predetermined Time Systems 507...
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