...IT 302 Foss Research Paper At the time of the scenario, some dire consequences were predicted for FOSS. How has FOSS fared since then? But now there's a shadow hanging over Linux and other free software, and it's being cast by Microsoft (Charts, Fortune 500). The Redmond behemoth asserts that one reason free software is of such high quality is that it violates more than 200 of Microsoft's patents. And as a mature company facing unfavorable market trends and fearsome competitors like Google (Charts, Fortune 500), Microsoft is pulling no punches: It wants royalties. If the company gets its way, free software won't be free Anymore. The conflict pits Microsoft and its dogged CEO, Steve Ballmer, against the "free world" - people who believe software is pure knowledge. The leader of that faction is Richard Matthew Stallman, a computer visionary with the look and the intransigence of an Old Testament prophet. Microsoft counters that it is a matter of principle. "We live in a world where we honor, and support the honoring of, intellectual property," says Ballmer in an interview. FOSS patrons are going to have to "play by the same rules as the rest of the business," he insists. "What's fair is fair." (http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/05/28/100033867/) What impact have these events made since then? Or will they make? Well, Linux is still alive and active, and all of the products you mentioned are still active as well. Ubuntu just got a new release today...
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...In 2006, Microsoft posted a high-level summary of 235 patents that were allegedly violated by free and open source software (Foss), including the Linux kernel, samba, openoffice.org and others. Shortly after that, MS entered into a series of three contracts with NOVELL, one of which was a patent agreement that said, "don’t sue us and we won't sue you" At the time of this scenario, some dire consequences were predicted for Foss. This is how Foss has fared since then. Well, Linux is still alive and active, and all of the products you mentioned are still active as well.. Overall, I'd say open source software is still going strong, with no signs of stopping in the near future The impact that those events have made since then, or possibly make in the future are. The claim of Microsoft patents in Linux surfaced in 2004, when Ballmer misquoted a Pub Pat study and claimed Linux violated 228 patents. In 2007, Microsoft followed up telling Forbes that Linux and open source violated 235 patents: 42 in the Linux kernel, Linux graphical user interfaces violated 65, Open Office 45, various free/open e-mail programs violated another 15, and assorted, sundry free/open-source software programs violated 68 Microsoft patents. Since then, Microsoft’s been diligently squaring away patent protection and licensing deals with Linux companies. The starting point, and summit, was the 2006 deal with Novell. Tom Tom has been a long time coming. It is still not known how the tom tom lawsuit will...
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...FOSS Free Open Source Software This means you have the freedom to copy and re-use software rather than to have to pay for each version or new edition. Though the term is used inclusively there are differing ideas surrounding each. For example Free software is more about the freedom it gives user whereas Open Source is praised for the strength of the whole peer-to-peer modle that is used. The whole general idea of FOSS arose in the 1980’s through one Richard Stallman who was the founder and creator of the GNU project which later went on to become the Free Software Foundation. FOSS philosophy simply states that it is the right of every user to use, modify, and distribute computer software for any purpose. The right to use, distribute, modify and redistribute derivative versions, the so called "four freedoms," are based in and representative of an extreme form of anti-discrimination resistant to categorization into the typical “left, center and right” political schema. This element of nondiscrimination, coupled with the broad nature of FOSS's philosophical foundation, enables the easy adoption of FOSS technologies. FOSS's broadly defined freedom acts as an important starting point and one conceptual hinge useful in understanding the wide circulation of FOSS as a set of technologies, signs, methodologies and philosophies. An analysis of the way in which this philosophical and legal form is animated and redirected in particular ways through the use of FOSS technologies...
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...Microsoft and FOSS 4/23/2012 IT 302 Research Paper Free Open Source Software also known as FOSS has fared pretty good since the Microsoft posted a high-level summary of 235 patents that were allegedly violated in 2006. Since this scenario happen FOSS has grown and partner up with big name companies. In an interview that Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer said that ”We live in a world where we honor, and support the honoring of, intellectual property, FOSS patrons are going to have to play by the same rules as the rest of the business. What is fair is fair." Today FOSS is still going strong because of its high quality and because the most important reason it is FREE. Software that is free is good to anybody. It’s good to individuals that used open source applications on their smart devices, to large companies which use these applications for daily activity for their need in their company. FOSS is great for everyone because it can be shared, copied, changed and of course downloaded. Everybody now in days have smart phones that carry FOSS operating systems. An everyday person likes FOSS instead of paying five dollars to 30 dollars for applications from apple, when if you have an Android phone it’s free. FOSS is not going anywhere just for the reason being that it’s free. Since 2006 big corporate companies have been changing their philosophy on open source software. Major corporations like IBM, Oracle and Google have been using FOSS. They are big allies...
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... Truly Open Source because all code in MariaDB is released under GPL, LPGL or BSD. MariaDB does not have closed source modules like the ones that can be found in MySQL Enterprise Edition. In fact, all the closed source features in MySQL 5.5 Enterprise Edition are found in the MariaDB open source version. MariaDB includes test cases for all fixed bugs. Oracle doesn't provide test cases for new bugs fixed in MySQL 5.5. All bugs and development plans are public. MariaDB is developed by the community in true open source spirit. MariaDB has a lot of new options, extension, storage engines and bug fixes that are not in MySQL. 2. How does GPL version 3 differ from GPL version 2? There are many differences between the two versions of the GNU Public License, but it’s important to note that GPLv3 serves as an alternative, rather than a replacement of GPLv2. The reason for this is that the two licenses are incompatible, and there is no legal way to combine any code that uses the GPLv2 with any code that will be used under the GPLv3. One of the common issues facing those who utilize GPLv2 software is the uncertainty as to whether other code that is used or distributed in conjunction with GPLv2 Code would be subject to the terms of the GPLv2, including the obligation to make the source code available under the terms of the GPLv2. Prior to the GPLv3, the open source community commonly made a distinction between software that was dynamically linked and software that was statically...
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...violated by Free and Open Source Software (FOSS). These complaints included 42 violations from the Linux Kernel, 65 from the Linux GUI, 45 from the FOSS Open Source Suite, and 15 dealing with FOSS email programs (Microsoft's Smith and Gutierrez, 2007). Since this issue in 2006, FOSS has prospered beyond belief. Not only has FOSS survived, but it has grown enormously. Also in 2006, Microsoft signed a deal with Novell, agreeing that neither would sue the other (Upfold, 2006). Instead of fighting the FOSS business model Microsoft chose to instead join them with Novell's SuSE Linux model. Novell and Microsoft worked together in an attempt to collaborate with both open and closed source software. Their main competitor was Red Hat, who also was working on their own Linux system. Even more recently, Novell sold 882 patents to CPTN Holdings LLC in 2011. Upon the transaction, CPTN would dissolve itself. The patents were split up and purchased by Apple (25%), EMC (25%), Oracle (25%), and Novell's parent company Attachmate (25%). Another agreement of the deal allowed all companies involved to be free of any suits stemming from all 882 patents (Fosspatents blog, 2011). Microsoft was not negatively affected by the deal as they would essentially co-own the 25% share of patents Attachmate would recieve, as their deal with Novell allowed. This deal would allow FOSS continued growth full speed ahead. Today, all smart phones and many other devices, such as Ipads, run on some version of FOSS. Our...
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...Eeeeth hthe h Free/Open Source Software is radically transforming how software is being developed by different communities in diverse disciplines. Many of the grand challenge topics for engineering research increasingly rely on the development and use of FOSS systems (e.g., the International Thermonuclear Energy Research (ITER) project for fusion research), and in some topics, the development and experimentation with FOSS-based systems are likely to be central to future research activities (e.g., advanced health informatics, secure cyberspace, enhanced virtual reality, and advanced personalized learning systems). However, FOSS remains a computing technology at its core, while FOSS development remains a web of complex socio-technical processes. But these processes are not well understood nor readily predictable, as informal practices are widespread and continually adapting. As such, FOSS is amenable to technological advances, socio-technical innovations, and systematic empirical studies that can emerge from research in the Computer Science community and beyond. We seek to articulate both multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary perspectives on how and why FOSS has become such a source of technology-centered global transformation, and what the future may hold. We need to identify key research problems and experimental studies going forward, along with the requisite research infrastructure and shared data repositories needed to support this research. We also need to identify future...
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...FOSS has it helped or has it hurt? Bonita Jones-Bey Class IT 302 Professor Emerenini July 26, 2013 Upon my undertaking of this assignment I wasn’t aware of the in-depth concept of Free and Open-Source Software. I had very little understanding of how or why a patent would be needed or just how much controversy came with this ideology. So to be able to understand my assignment I had to understand what the issues were and get a clearer conception of business patents and monopolizing the market and the draw backs and cons.( Sean Michael Kerner ) What is Free Open-Source Software? Free is software at no cost and open source software is software that is liberally licensed by OSI that uses an open source list of open source licenses, that grant users the right to use and re-use, copy, study, modify, and improve its design through the availability of its source code, rather than having to purchase software or ask permission. The Free Software Foundation, an organization just for this type of software and they ensure that users have availability at completely no cost even when some companies try otherwise. This software’s focuses on the perceived strengths of its peer-to-peer development model and is used by many software packages. Students get to enjoy these software’s for modification and design capabilities, they create games redesign programs and a host of other things they would be not be allotted to change due to copyright laws .(cite: terrybollinger.com) Microsoft...
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...Free and Open Source Software (FOSS), by 2006, had allegedly violated 235 patents that Microsoft was in possession of, including the Linux Kernal, Samba, OpenOffice.org, and others. Three contracts were struck up between Novell and Microsoft, most notably, a patent agreement that stated, “Don’t sue us and we won’t sue you.” When this happened, some dire consequences were predicted for FOSS, however, it hasn’t exactly gone as predicted. FOSS has blossomed since then. It is my opinion, that in entering these contracts, Microsoft put more of a light on Open Source, which then attracted the attention of other programmers, and in general, people who like free things. There is a very strong market for Linux going right now with GUI enabled operating systems including Red Hat/Fedora, and Ubuntu. They are having great success and continue getting updates, and users, on a growing basis as people experience, and learn how to use the command line. It doesn’t seem like much impact has been made, other than most companies have started using Open Source as a way to make their product better and more efficient. A few years back both MySpace and Facebook open sourced Qizmt and Tornado, respectively, not to garner any love from the people, but to try and make them better, and more efficient (Asay Sept. 16, 2009). More than anything, I would say Microsoft is feeling the hurt, they are losing money with so many people looking toward the Free and Open Source Software markets. Who would want...
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...Paper: Free and Open-Source Software NT1430 – Linux Networking Research Paper: Free and Open-Source Software As the name so aptly implies FOSS is software that is both free and open source. It is liberally licensed to grant users the right to use, copy, study, change, and improve its design through the availability of its source code. This practice is becoming increasingly widespread and gaining acceptance because of the potential benefits that could arise from its use. The “free” part of the title refers not to price, but more so to the idea of freedom for the user. The user of this type of software has the ability to copy and to reuse the software which usually is not the case. The open source part of the acronym refers to the use of the peer to peer model of development. In the 1950’s to 1970’s, advanced user privelages in reference to software were the norm. Most software allowed the user to share and copy at this time, since most of the companies who dealt in the field were more focused on marketing the hardware the software was almost always complimentary. This however, began to change when software development costs began to escalate and companies began competing for the software market. Linus Torvalds, the creator of the Linux kernel began to shift things back in 1991. His software was a freely modifiable source code. Over the years the idea gathered much more momentum. It has burgheoned so that now major IT companies are now developing projects with open source...
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...Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) has been a pinnacle of the corporate world ever since it came around. It has been an easy to use and replicate without worry of patent or licensing infringement. However, in 2006 Microsoft found that many of their patents had been infringed upon by several different aspects. The Linux kernel found in most servers was one of them. Microsoft took a big leap going after FOSS for 235 patents. FOSS is run by Stallman who was responsible for the GNU Manifesto also known to most as the GNU General Public License (GPL) . With Microsoft heading the full speed train against FOSS it took a demanding tire on both parties. While Microsoft, in the meantime was also striking a deal with Novell on its Linux based server support. FOSS was sure to go under as Linux was the base of its entire open source used in many applications and the applications within Linux such as samba or Open Office. The Deal with Novell was made to walk around the GPL of the GNU and expose loop holes for Microsoft’s gain but also creating a pressing dilemma for the GNU. The deal struck between Novell and Microsoft was a “we don’t sue you and you don’t sue us” which indicates that not only was FOSS involved in patent infringement but also Microsoft. The Deal included over 200 million dollars to Novell and 43 Million to Microsoft for “license distribution” of Novell’s’ Server software. The after effects of this deal resulted in a addition to...
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...meaning that code that runs on one platform does not need to be recompiled to run on another. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode (class file) that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Java is, as of 2014, one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers.[10][11] Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which has since merged into Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. 2. REst See also: Java (software platform) § History Duke, the Java mascot James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project in June 1991.[12] Java was originally designed for interactive television, but it was too advanced for the digital cable television industry at the time.[13] The language was initially called Oak after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling's office; it went by the name Green later, and was later renamed Java, from Java coffee,[14] said to be consumed in large quantities by the language's creators.[citation needed] Gosling aimed to implement a virtual machine and a language that had a familiar C/C++ style of notation.[15] Sun Microsystems released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 in 1995.[1]...
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...Open and Closed Source Operating System Comparison POS-355 Open and Closed Source Operating System Comparison Open and Closed Source are the two model of how most software is distributed. The open source code is that exactly, free open-sourced code. Meaning the core functions of the written code are given to a potential developer and that developer is able to manipulate, add to, or change any of the functions of the code. This holds true from the basic core functions or the code to small additional code snippets. FOSS or free and open source software do not typically limit or inhibit the use of the software. However with all of this free distribution, there can be some open sourced software that might have license-based restrictions or redistribution. These restrictions are not overwhelming though. The software can be re-distributed for free, after a developer has modified the code, as long as credit is given to the original manufacturer. FOSS also allows for the code to be modified and then re-compiled, so it can be sold as a complete project. Some examples of this type of re-distribution is Red Hat Inc. Red Hat Inc. takes different pieces of code, pieces it together into a really nice and user friendly interface, and then Red Hat re-distributes this re-compiled code as Red Hat Linux. There have many different flavors and iterations, but as long as Red Hat gives credit in the development to the originally creator, there is no problem with Red Hat re-distributing this...
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...In 2006, when Microsoft Corp. stated that the Linux kernel and other software’s violated their patents, deal has been struck between the FOSS community and Microsoft. Some customers actually entered into direct patent licenses with Microsoft and including some "major brand-name companies" in financial services, health care, insurance and information technology. (He says they don't want to be identified, presumably because they fear angering the FOSS community.) Others wanted Microsoft to work out the patent issues directly with the commercial distributors like Red Hat and Novell. (Red Hat has about 65 percent of the paid Linux server market, according to IDC, while Novell has 26 percent.) Microsoft and Novell agreed not to sue each other's customers for patent infringement. That would be okay, because it's something that the GPL does not address. On those terms, Novell agreed to give Microsoft a percentage of all its Linux revenue through 2011 (or a minimum of $40 million). The pact also included a marketing collaboration. Microsoft agreed to pay Novell $240 million for "coupons" that it could then resell to customers (theoretically for a profit), who would, in turn, trade them in for subscriptions to Novell's Linux server software. In addition, Microsoft gave Novell another $108 million as a "balancing payment" in connection with the patent part of the deal. It might seem counterintuitive that Microsoft would end up paying millions to Novell when Microsoft...
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...YFOSBAPP Database A database is information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select pieces of data. You can think of it as an electronic filing system. A database is an organized collection of data. It is the collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views and other objects. Data Integration Data integration involves combining data residing in different sources and providing users with a unified view of these data. This process becomes significant in a variety of situations, which include both commercial (when two similar companies need to merge their databases) and scientific (combining research results from different bioinformatics repositories, for example) domains. Data integration appears with increasing frequency as the volume and the need to share existing data explodes. It has become the focus of extensive theoretical work, and numerous open problems remain Existing DBMSs provide various functions that allow management of a database and its data which can be classified into four main functional groups: Data definition – Creation, modification and removal of definitions that define the organization of the data. Update – Insertion, modification, and deletion of the actual data. Retrieval – Providing information in a form directly usable or for further processing by other applications. The retrieved data may be made available in a form basically the same as it is stored in the database or in a new...
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