...INTRODUCTION TO COUNSELLING SKILLS FOR A TRAINEE COUNSELLOR: INTRODUCTION: I am going to address some of the main points and processes that a trainee counsellor will need to understand, to use in counselling sessions. It will include the process of initiating, maintaining and developing a relationship between a counsellor and anyone using counselling for the first time. INITIATING A RELATIONSHIP: The initiating of a relationship in counselling could involve a telephone consultation to arrange appropriate appointment time and location where the first meeting will be held it will also have the name of the counsellor who will be holding the sessions. A letter could also be sent to start the initiating process between a counsellor and the client. It will contain the appointment time, location and the name of the counsellor who will be conducting the sessions. Before the initial meeting takes place the counsellor will ask the reception to inform them that the client has arrived. They will prepare the consultation room by setting the chairs in a position where eye contact can be maintained, but personal space respected. They will make sure the room is at the right temperature, if warm having a window open a little. Have tissues on the table in case they are required and check that any paper work is in the right order and the correct forms if any are required. On the arrival of the client the counsellor introduces...
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...Focus of Session/Goals addressed: (x)Ty’Shawn will express anger in an appropriate and socially acceptable manner. () Ty’Shawn will use the stop and think technique to decrease impulsive actions and behaviors. () Ty’Shawn will follow directives and comply with requests from authority figures. Diagnosis: ADHD (314.01) (B)ehavior: Subject:The counselor conducted a family session with the client (Ty’Shawn) and his Father (Mr. Booker) in the home. Father updated the counselor on the client’s behaviors since the last session. Father stated that the client got in trouble for drinking juice out of the container opposed to pouring it in a glass. Father stated that client dropped the whole bottle after he was caught drinking it and he was sent to his room for his negative behaviors. Objective: In the home, client was observed playing his portable game while sitting on the floor. Client was in a pleasant mood. Client asked as well as answered many questions. Client was attentive and cooperative. Client made appropriate eye contact with the counselor and articulated his voice as he stated “I only drunk out of the bottle because there was no clean cups. My brothers do it all the time so that’s why I did it and my dad yelled at me”.Client was receptive and responsive to his counselor’s positive feedback. Client actively participated in the session by communicating effectively and completing the therapeutic exercises given...
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...| | The three psychoanalytic approaches to personality could not be much different. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical approach focuses mainly on childhood development and sexual urges. Carl Jung felt that most human behavior could be traced to or caused by their unconscious. Alfred Adler, on the other hand, focused most of his approach on people’s motivation and superiority. Sigmund Freud believed that the psycho-sexual motivated human behavior. His psychoanalytic approach to personality was based on three different levels of personality. These three levels include the ID, the ego, and the superego. The ID (Latin for it) is immediate personal gratification or a human’s basic, instinctual drives and needs. The ID is the source of one’s needs, impulses and desires including sexual urges. The ego (Latin for I) is the organized part of Freud’s personality structure that embodies the perceptual, defensive, intellectual-cognitive, and the executive functions of humans. While this structure tries to please, it also takes into account the reality of the situation to get things done. The superego part of one’s psyche reflects ones values and morals. The superego strives for perfection and encompasses the part of the personality structure that includes spiritual goals and conscience. Sigmund Freud also believed that people had three separate conscious. These three conscious include the conscious, the unconscious, and the preconscious. This was known as the topographic...
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...Counselling and Psychotherapy at Birkbeck College, University of London Introduction This paper attempts to trace the evolution of Freud’s concept of the Oedipus complex within psychoanalysis. One case will be considered in detail to illustrate relevant theoretical formulations focussing mainly on the work of Freud, Klein, Britton and Bion. The wider implications of the Oedipus complex will also be considered before I conclude. History of the Oedipus complex and Freud’s theoretic evolution Freud used the term Oedipus complex to describe a boy's feelings of desire for his mother and hostility towards his father which he regarded as a universal event of early childhood. The term is derived from the Greek myth of Oedipus who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother. In a letter to Fliess dating back to 1897, Freud (1954) attributes these ideas to his self analysis and indirectly to the Greek myth as presented in the popular Sophocles’ play ‘Oedipus Rex’. During the late 1890s Freud, theorised that fantasies built around the Oedipus complex were the primary cause of hysteria and other neurotic symptoms. The idea is explored in Studies on Hysteria, where Freud (1895), traced his patients’ symptoms of hysteria to sexual seductions by their fathers. The concept was introduced in ‘The Interpretation of Dreams’ (1900), and is central to Freud’s (1905) analysis of Dora. He further elaborated his ideas in the case study of Little Hans (1909), but the term ‘Oedipus complex’...
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...Psychoanalytic Paper Donald Jenkins PSY/310 October Saturday, 2014 Professor Sarah James-Felton Psychoanalytic Paper “Thought is action in rehearsal” – Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis is the observations of individuals are unaware of factors that determine their behaviors and emotions. This paper will discuss the foundation and components of psychoanalysis. Also this paper will cover the contributions as well as criticism of the psychoanalytic models of explaining human behavior. Psychoanalysis focuses on the unconscious, which during the beginning was a subject ignored by other systems of thought. The foundation of psychoanalysis has many contributors and goes back as far as the eighteenth century. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646-1716) was a German philosopher and mathematician that developed the idea called monadology. Leibnitz’s idea was the psychics are elements of reality and not made up of physical matter, which are mental in nature. Leibnitz believed that mental events which are composed if monads had a different degree of consciousness and were called petites perceptions (Schultz, 2011). Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841) also a German philosopher had refined Leibnitz’s theory of the unconscious to the concept of the threshold of consciousness. Arguing that ideas in the mind rise to the conscious level of awareness. So in order for these ideas to rise to a conscious level of awareness it must be already relevant in the minds consciousness (Schultz, 2011)...
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...Some commentators have referred to Sigmund Freud as “Psychology’s man of genius”. Evaluate this claim, with reference to his work and impact on the discipline of Psychology. Sigmund Freud analyzed the human mind to a greater extent than did any other scientist who came before him. His contribution to psychology is enormous and his work has influenced not only areas concentrated around psychology but also literature, art and even the manner in which parents raise their children. Even though much of his work is refereed to as a ‘fallacy’, his findings remain relevant and applicable to this day. Freud hypothesized that personality emerged through a series of stages of psychosexual development, namely the oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stage. He argued that the Oral stage occurs from birth until the age of two during which the child is focused on oral pleasures e.g. sucking, and if it receives too much or too little gratification, it can result in an oral personality evidenced later in life through preoccupation with oral acts such as a tendency to smoke, chew gum excessively, bite nails etc. Freud believed that these people would then have a personality that is over dependent on others and naïve. The Anal stage was said to occur from the age of two to four and Freud believed that during this stage the pleasure source arose from retaining or eliminating feces. The effects of anal fixation were also believed to become evident later in life. Those who were retentive, were...
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...Psychoanalytic Model Paper The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind (Freud, 2013). Psychoanalysis is a funny yet crazy type of word, putting Psycho and analysis together sounds like there is a psychotic person that needs to be analyzed. Psychoanalysis is a therapy that is based on what individuals may not know about themselves, mainly their behaviors and their emotions. What may happen with this is that the unconscious behaviors may cause unhappiness in those individuals. There was a method to Freud’s madness, if we should call it that, but the reason behind his psychoanalytic approach to therapy is to identify ones unconscious thoughts and bring them to the fore front, so those individuals that are seeking the therapy are made aware. The downside to this unhappiness is that one’s personality appears to change for the time being. Those behaviors tend to be things like self esteem issues, disturbing personality traits, and they may even have trouble relating to their peers and family members. Psychoanalysis is a technique that is used to treat and evaluate a patient’s behavior; this is performed by a psychotherapist. To which, Freud is one of the first names that many people think of when they think of psychology, and when discussions of psychoanalysis come up in a discussion, in many instances Freud will be the first name that will slip off the lips of various individuals and those in the field of psychology...
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...“Child Development Theory”1 “Child Development Theory” Ney Brown PSY104: Child and Adolescent Development Instructor: Daniella Atwell August 20,2012 “Child Development Theory” 2 Child development occurs from birth and continues throughout adulthood, and during their life span they go through many different changes, including language, physical growth, and cognitive abilities. Interest in this field has been very important to researchers because they want to know what happens during child development as well as the influences on development. There are a few theorist who have their views on child development and they are Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget. Understanding child development has become very important today as we all want to Know what a child actually goes through during their development, and later on in life because most of these things will affect them later on in life. Many people don’t realize the many different stages a child goes through from birth and into early adulthood. Some of the major ...
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...Personality Our personality requires a mix of characteristic patterns of thinking, feelings and actions. There are four perspectives of personality, and they are psychoanalytical, trait, humanistic and social-cognitive. There are three theories I will describe and compare about personality development. We assess personality through two types of test but with every test comes benefits and issues. The four perspectives of personality attempt to describe different patterns in personality. The psychoanalytical perspective of personality was created by Sigmund Freud. The perspective emphasizes the importance of early childhood familiarity and the unconscious mind. There is some theorist who disagree with some of the aspects of Sigmund Freud theories, but agree with the importance of the unconscious mind. The rest of the theorist have different opinions when it come to the psychoanalytical perspective but share a common understanding that makes up this theory. The trait perspective of personality has a few major theorist that came up with this perspective. The perspective is centered on classifying, describing and assessing the specific traits that makeup human personality. The theorist believes that by understanding these traits they could understand the differences between people. They came up with the dimensions of personality and the personal traits that can measure the difference in personality. These things are the main reason that this perspective is today. The humanistic...
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...Chapter 4 Creating the BluePrint Creating the text The Playwright * Theatre productions typically begin with the script, or text * Provides a plan for a production Scripts * Inventing can Gogh * Freud’s last session Creating the Text * Selecting specific subject of the play * The subject matter for drama is always human beings * Determine what aspect of human existence to write about * Determining focus and emphasis * Decide who and what to focus on * How to interpret the characters and events * Establish Purpose * Purpsose may be * Causal or unconscious, or * Conscious and deliberate * Different purposes * To entertain * To probe the human condition * To provide an escape * To impact information * Developing Dramatic Structure * Every work of art has some type of structure * The structure of a play is analogous to that of a building * The essentials of structure are * The story must be turned into a plot * The plot involves action * The plot includes conflict * There are strongly opposed forces * A reasonable balance is struck between the opposed forces * Creating a dramatic structure * Begin with the opening scene * Starts the action and sets the tone and style * Tells whether we are going to see a serious or a comic play and whether the play will deal...
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...Introduction Psychodynamic psychotherapy places great emphasis on aspect that are usually not known to an individual, perhaps most familiar to us as the unconscious processes. According to Shelder (2010), distinctive features of Psychodynamic technique extends to a wide range of treatments based on psychoanalytic concepts and methods that consist of less frequent sessions and may be significantly more short-termed than the psychoanalysis concept. Sessions are scheduled typically once or twice per week consisting with treatment either in time limited or open ended fashion. In contrast to traditional and inadequate teaching materials of psychoanalytic or psychodynamic therapies made by Sigmund Freud in the early 20th century, conventional psychodynamic...
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...AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY DIPLOMA IN SOCIAL WORK AND DEVELOLPMENT STUDIES NAME: HEZEKIAH KELLY .O. COURSE CODE: SWD114 DATE: MAY 25TH 2013 SIGMUND FREUD’S STAGES OF PSYCHO-SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) observed that during the predictable stages of early childhood development, the child's behavior is oriented towards certain parts of his or her body, e.g. the mouth during breast-feeding, the anus during toilet-training. He proposed that adult neurosis (functional mental disorder) often is rooted in childhood sexuality; therefore, said neurotic adult behaviors were manifestations of childhood sexual fantasy and desire. That is because human beings are born "polymorphous", infants can derive sexual pleasure from any part of their bodies, and that socialization directs the instinctual libidinal drives into adult heterosexuality.[3] Given the predictable timeline of childhood behavior, he proposed "libido development" as a model of normal childhood sexual development, wherein the child progresses through five psychosexual stages – the oral; the anal; the phallic; the latent; and the genital – in which the source pleasure is in a different erogenous zone. Freudian psychosexual development Sexual infantilism: in pursuing and satisfying his or her libido (sexual drive), the child might experience failure (parental and societal disapproval) and thus might associate anxiety with the given erogenous zone. To avoid anxiety, the child...
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...Case Study: Are Fathers Essential for Children's Well-Being Mosi Russell University of Phoenix Abstract The case study was conducted to help patient Becky White with her drug and alcohol abuse that stemmed from growing up in an unstable home during childhood development. After extensive research Becky was diagnosed and offered psychoanalysis and humanistic therapy to understand and help Becky work through her problems and come up with reasonable solutions. The therapy session are not complete but off to a good start. The number one problem of growing up without a father in her life led to no structure has been established. Therefore, this statement from a young lady who grew up without a father confirms that fathers are essential in a child’s well- being. Are Fathers Essential for Children's Well-Being Case Study Research on the psychological consequences for children of growing up in a fatherless family has gone both ways. The studies conducted will show that a fathers’ absence can have a negative outcome with respect to the child’s cognitive, social, and emotional development. Many will disagree but the aim of the present case study is to observe the value of parent- child relations and the socio-emotional growth of children without a father. Becky White was the patient in the case study; her father was in and out of jail throughout her childhood years. One in four American children grows up without a father in the home. Statistics about single parent households...
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...behavior. During a career that spanned 58 years, beginning with an earned medical degree in 1881 and continuing to his death in 1939, he developed and repeatedly revised his theory of psychoanalysis. Most of Freud’s theory was developed from contact he had with patients seen in his private practice in Vienna. This type of “clinical” work was a radical departure from the laboratory research that was practiced by most leading psychologists of the day. When Freud first presented his ideas in the 1890s, many of his contemporaries reacted with hostility. In fact, throughout his career, Freud faced enormous opposition to many of his ideas. Those especially controversial included notions about the role of the unconscious in behavior, childhood sexuality, and how the mind was governed (id, ego, and superego). But despite the opposition, Freud eventually attracted a group of followers that included well-known theorists 1856–1939 AUSTRIAN PHYSICIAN, PSYCHIATRIST VIENNA UNIVERSITY, M.D., 1881 1 4 5 S i g m u n d S c h l o m o F r e u d social relationships are patterned after his or her early family relationships. BIOGRAPHY Early years Sigmund Schlomo Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in a small town in Freiberg, Moravia, located in what is now the Czech Republic. Freud’s father Jacob was 40 when...
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