...paragraph(s), describe how background traffic affects both e-mail data and VoIP data. In this week’s lab exercise, we had the opportunity to create a network simulation from the ground up using OpNet IT Guru. The purpose of the exercise was to gain familiarity with OpNet functions along with network objects and associated behavior based on the configuration of network variables. Some of these objects include Application Definitions, Profile Definitions, Subnets, and the various means of connecting these components in a topology. The lab exercise itself provided a foundation for creating a simulated environment that was focused on evaluating the impact of background link load on FTP traffic. After creating the initial simulation environment, we were able to validate the configuration by matching output data for FTP performance with the reference data provided in the iLab instructions document. The graphs below illustrate the student lab configuration findings compared with the iLab reference graphs. The graphs, while not an exact match, provide enough similarity to...
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...NETW240 Final Exam Study Guide YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE. 1. The Final Exam is open book, open notes. The maximum time you can spend in the exam is 3 hours, 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the Submit For Grading button by then, you will be exited from the exam automatically. In the Final Exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. 2. You should click the Save Answers button in the exam frequently. This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet service providers and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your Internet connection does break, when you reconnect, you will normally be able to get back into your Final Exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to log in again as quickly as possible. The Help Desk cannot grant any student additional time on the exam. 3. See Syllabus "Due Dates for Assignments & Exams" for due date information. 4. Reminders * You will only be able to enter your online Final Exam one time. * Click the Save Answers button often. * If you lose your Internet connection during your Final Exam, log on again and try to access your Final Exam. If you are unable to enter the Final Exam, first contact the Help Desk and then your instructor. * You will always be able to see...
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...In recent years, internet piracy or "file sharing" of copyrighted material has gained much popularity. It is a topic that has incessantly sparked debate and has even received global attention. Although on the surface the act of file sharing may seem harmless, it is far from it. Each year, film and record production companies as well as software and video game development companies suffer from billions of dollars in lost profits. This loss comes as a direct result of internet piracy. Many agree that file sharing is unethical and consider it to be no different than downright theft. On the other hand, there are those that support file sharing and claim that their actions are easily justified and ethical. This essay will provide a brief overview and history of file sharing, will consider the arguments of each side, and will offer my personal observations and stance on the issue. File sharing, put simply, is the process of making available and distributing files via the internet. Many freely developed applications have been made available that simplify this process, providing the ability to easily search for, download, and upload any piece of digital content imaginable. These applications are commonly referred to as P2P or peer-to-peer applications as they allow individuals (peers) to directly connect with other peers to share files. By themselves, such applications are useless; a central network must be available that allows each peer to see one another. These networks...
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...------------------------------------------------- Who is the father of the computer? There are hundreds of people who have major contributions to the field of computing. The following sections detail the primary founding fathers of computing, the computer, and the personal computer we all know and use today. Father of computing Charles Babbage was considered to be the father of computing after his invention and concept of the Analytical Engine in 1837. The Analytical Engine contained an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), basic flow control, and integrated memory; hailed as the first general-purpose computer concept. Unfortunately, because of funding issues this computer was never built while Charles Babbage was alive. However, in 1910 Henry Babbage, Charles Babbage's youngest son was able to complete a portion of the machine that could perform basic calculations. In 1991, the London Science Museum completed a working version of the Analytical Engine No 2. This version incorporated Babbage's refinements developed during the creation of the Analytical Engine. Although Babbage never completed his invention in his lifetime, his radical ideas and concepts of the computer are what make him the father of computing. Father of the computer There are several people who could be considered as the father of the computer including Alan Turing, John Atanasoff, and John von Neumann. However, for the purpose of this document we're going to be considering Konrad Zuse as the father of the...
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...Microeconomics 200 Essay Semester 3, 2012 Student’s Name: Lam Chung Him Michael Student’s ID: 14634820 Unit Name: Microeconomics 200 Tutorial Day and Time: Thursday 5-6pm Tutor’s Name: Lee Thiam Soon Introduction The reason of writing this essay is that nowadays people purchase real estate mainly for making money. Therefore, this essay will apply standard consumer theory to the housing market and clarify the differences of the decision-making process in purchasing a residential dwelling between standard consumer choice theory and behavioral economics. Moreover, the specific characteristics of speculative bubbles in the real estate market in Spain before and during 2008-2012 will be examined. Part 1: Applications of Traditional vs. Behavioral Economics Explanations Consumer choice is about maximizing their satisfaction by using the limited incomes to fulfill their preference (Silberberg and Suen 2001, 252). There are few general assumptions about consumer’s preferences. Firstly, consumer can rank and compare their choices according to their preference. For example, they can decide to prefer residential dwelling to holiday activity, holiday activity to residential dwelling or indifferent between both choices. This is the assumption called completeness (Isaac 1998, 9). Secondly, preferences are transitive. It means that if a consumer prefers residential dwelling to holiday activity and holiday activity to car, then the consumer also prefers...
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...a. If the author’s name is mentioned in the text, only the page number is given in parentheses at the end of the citation b. If the author’s name is not mentioned in the text, then both the last name of the author and the page number should be given in parentheses. c. REMEMBER to shift the punctuation mark if there is one, such as a period, a comma, to the place after the parenthesis. For example: 1. Stuart Hall says,”Identity is formed at the unstable point where the ‘unspeakable’ storied of subjectivity meet the narratives of history, of a culture”(135) . 2. Some scholars believe that “Identity is formed at the unstable point where the ‘unspeakable’ storied of subjectivity meet the narratives of history, of a culture”(Hall 135). If you have cited two or more works by the same author in your paper, a shortened title, which is enough to indicate which of the author’s work is cited, should be given in parentheses before the page nnumber. The items in parentheses should be divided by a comma. For example: 1. Joseph Gibaldi points out,“Nearly all research builds on previous research. Researchers commonly begin a project by studying past work in the area and deriving relevant informaton and ideas from their predecessors. This processs is largely responsible for the continual expansion of human knowledge”(Handbook, 114). 2. What is plagiarism? Simply speaking, “Using another person’s ideas or expressions in your...
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...Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer Networks and Data Communications TRUE/FALSE 1. Data is information that has been translated into a form that is more conducive to storage, transmission, and calculation. ANS: T 2. ANS: F PTS: 1 Some people call computer terminals thick-client workstations. PTS: 1 3. A type of microcomputer-to-local area network connection that is growing in popularity is the wireless connection. ANS: T PTS: 1 4. To communicate with the Internet using a dial-up modem, a user’s computer must connect to another computer that is already communicating with the Internet. ANS: T PTS: 1 5. It is not possible to connect two local area networks so that they can share peripherals as well as software. ANS: F PTS: 1 6. Metropolitan area networks can transfer data at fast, LAN speeds but over smaller geographic regions than typically associated with a local area network. ANS: F 7. ANS: T 8. networks. ANS: T 9. ANS: F PTS: 1 The Internet is not a single network but a collection of thousands of networks. PTS: 1 One of the most explosive areas of growth in recent years has been cellular phone PTS: 1 By the 1970s, telephone systems carried more computer data than voice. PTS: 1 10. Network architectures are cohesive layers of protocols defining a set of communication services. ANS: T PTS: 1 11. The OSI model tells us what kind of wire or what kind of connector to use to connect the pieces of a network...
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...Abstract This essay examines Canada’s lumber industry, the Softwood Lumber Agreement with the US and how globalization, the industry and the agreement all play a factor in each other’s functions. This essay is not a detailed examination of Canada’s softwood lumber agreement but a generalized examination of how globalization influences and affects the lumber industry, and in turn, the softwood lumber agreement. Executive Summary Logging 200 years ago was a booming industry and started a chain reaction to building our nation. Today, technology and government regulations have changed how logs are harvested but the industry’s core function remains the same, to harvest logs for sale. Today the US is Canada’s largest lumber market, but once exports to Britain were more important. What remains the same through centuries of market fluctuations is Canada’s comparative advantage in lumber, Canada’s forests account for 10% of the world’s store. Globalization is bringing markets closer together and how this affects the lumber industry needs a closer analysis in how the lumber industry has evolved from hand falling trees to where the industry is today. Government regulations influence and control the lumber industry and this essay attempts to analyze the Softwood Lumber Agreement (its evolution, perspectives of, economic effects) and how globalization may affect future agreements. This essay also looks at globalization and the alternatives to the Softwood Lumber Agreement. Depending...
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...Essay 16 Local Area Networks Marshall D. Abrams and Harold J. Podell Local area network (LAN) communications security is addressed in this essay. LANs are introduced as providing: (1) a private communications facility, (2) services over a relatively limited geographic area, (3) a high data rate for computer communications, and (4) common access to a wide range of devices and services. Security issues pertinent to LANs are discussed. For example, LANs share many security problems and approaches for their solutions with point-to-point conventional communications systems. In addition, LANs have some unique problems of their own: (1) universal data availability, (2) passive and active wiretap threats, (3) end-to-end access control, and (4) security group control. Countermeasures include physical protection, and separation by physical, logical, and encryption methods. Trusted Network Interface Units, encryption, and key distribution are also discussed. Examples are discussed to illustrate the different approaches to LAN security. The examples in this essay are a composite of several existing product features, selected to demonstrate the use of encryption for confidentiality, and trusted system technology for a local area network. Local area network technology/topology overview This essay addresses LAN security from the viewpoint of open systems interconnection (OSI). That is, we focus on the seven-layer OSI protocols (illustrated in Figure 1); in fact, we concentrate on...
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...The World Is Flat Flattener Information Technology Essay The World Is Flat is an international bestselling book by Thomas Friedman that analyzes globalization, primarily in the early 21st century. The title is a metaphor for viewing the world as a level playing field in terms of commerce, where all competitors have an equal opportunity. Globalization became more prominent during the last decades. Friedman argues that globalization made the world smaller and flatter, allowing all countries to take chance of the available opportunities equally. As Friedman describes in “The World is Flat” there are three eras of globalization and ten flatteners which made the world smaller, making it easier to communicate and share our knowledge. This paper deals with the flattener number 2 i.e.; “When the NetScape went Public” and associated developments after 2003 till date. Background Thomas Lauren Friedman is an American journalist, columnist and author and has won the Pulitzer Prize three times. In his famous book “The World is Flat” he identifies three eras of globalization. The first era, called "Globalization 1.0",between the years 1492, when Columbus set out to discover a new trade route to the New World, and 1800, made the world fall in size from large to medium. During this period, the strength of a country was based on the number of horsepower or the number of steam engines owned, compared with other countries. The second period - "Globalization 2.0", between the years 1800 and...
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...CSEC 610, University of Maryland University College July 12, 2014 Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities Facing IT Managers Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities Facing IT Managers Table of Contents Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Types of Vulnerabilities ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 Important Vulnerability, Impact & Solutions ……………………………………………………………….. 8 References …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Cyber-security demands are ever increasing in the field of Information Technology with the globalization of the internet. Disruptions due to cyber-attacks are affecting the economy, costing companies billions of dollars each year in lost revenue. To counter this problem corporations are spending more and more on infrastructure and investing to secure the cyber security vulnerabilities which range anywhere from software to hardware to networks and people that use them. Due to the complexity of information systems that interact with each other and their counter parts, the requirement to meet specific cyber security compliances have become a challenging issues for security professionals worldwide. To help with these issues, security professionals have created different standards and frameworks over the years for addressing this growing concern of vulnerabilities within enterprise systems and the critical information they hold (“Critical Security Controls,” n.d.). Before we get into the details let first examine what exactly...
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...A Practical Guide to Linux Commands, Editors, and Shell Programming SECOND EDITION ® Mark G. Sobell Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales (800) 382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside the United States, please contact: International Sales international@pearson.com Visit us on the Web: informit.com/ph Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication...
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...Program software performs the function of the program it implements, either by directly providing instructions to the computer hardware or by serving as input to another piece of software. The term was coined to contrast to the old term hardware (meaning physical devices). In contrast to hardware, software is intangible, meaning it "cannot be touched".[1] Software is also sometimes used in a more narrow sense, meaning application software only. Sometimes the term includes data that has not traditionally been associated with computers, such as film, tapes, and records.[2] Examples of computer software include: * Application software includes end-user applications of computers such as word processors or video games, and ERP software for groups of users. * Middleware controls and co-ordinates distributed systems. * Programming languages define the syntax and semantics of computer programs. For example, many mature banking applications were written in the COBOL language, originally invented in 1959. Newer applications are often written in more modern programming languages. * System software includes operating systems, which...
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...Importance of ethical hacking Chapter 1 Introduction Ethical hacking is an emerging tools used by most of the organizations for testing network security. The security risks and vulnerabilities in a network can be recognized with the help of ethical hacking. This research completely concentrates on ethical hacking, problems that may occur while hacking process is in progress and various ethical hacking tools available for organizations. Information is the important source for any organizations while executing business operations. Organizations and government agencies have to adopt ethical hacking tools in order secure important documents and sensitive information (Harold F. Tipton and Micki Krause, 2004). Ethical hacker professionals have to be hired in order to test the networks effectively. Ethical hackers perform security measure on behalf of the organization owners. In order to bring out the ethical hacking efforts perfectly a proper plan must be executed. Ethical hacking has the ability to suggest proper security tools that can avoid attacks on the networks. Hacking tools can be used for email systems, data bases and voice over internet protocol applications in order to make communications securely. Ethical hacking can also be known as penetration testing which can be used for networks, applications and operating systems (Jeff Forristal and Julie Traxler, 2001). Using hacking tools is a best method for identifying the attacks before it effect the entire organization. Ethical...
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...5. A network operating system does not perform network support functions. ANS: F 6. Microsoft Windows 7 is an example of a desktop operating system. ANS: T 7. NetWare 6 was the last version of Novell’s network operating system. ANS: T 8. A bindery contains the data that pertains only to the server it resides in. ANS: T 9. The design of a tree should ideally be similar to a pyramid. ANS: T 10. NetWare 5 dropped the NDS distributed database of network resources. ANS: F 11. Windows 2008 Server is a network operating system designed to run over a network of microcomputer workstations and provide file sharing and peripheral sharing. ANS: T 12. It is not possible to create a network with multiple domains. ANS: F 13. Unlike NetWare’s NDS, Active Directory creates a hierarchical structure of resources. ANS: F 14. Unix is most often found with a text-based interface, although graphical user interfaces are available. ANS: T 15. Shortly after its introduction, the Unix software was rewritten in the popular C++ programming language. ANS: F 16. Unix runs on the widest variety of hardware of any network operating system. ANS: T 17. Linux shares many of the same advantages and disadvantages of Unix. ANS: T 18. Linux software cannot support e-mail servers, Web servers, FTP...
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