...Fundamental Concepts of the Field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology Rosa Parker Psychology 435 Industrial/organizational Psychology October 12, 2010 Andrea Caballero, Ph.D Fundamental Concepts of the Field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology The field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology has been rapidly growing after it was originally used during World War I and has become an imperative part of any large organization here in the United States as well as around the world. The Industrial/Organizational Psychologist’s are frequently confused with that of a Human Resources as Industrial/Organizational Psychologist may have been involved in the initial hiring process as well as developing standard operating procedures for a position. In this paper the fundamental concepts and evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology will be examined; difference between industrial/organizational psychology from other disciplines, how industrial/organization psychology is used in organizations as well as the role of research and statistics in industrial/organizational psychology will be examined. Fundamental Concepts and Evolution “As its two-part name implies, the field of I/O psychology contains two major divisions: the industrial (or personnel) and the organizational. Although the content of the two major divisions overlaps and cannot be easily separated, each grew out of different traditions in the history of the field (Spector, 2008)...
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...Industrial/Organizational Psychology The field of industrial/organizational psychology is one, which provides a fundamental concept that are essential to assist in the improvement in the quality of the environment for employees while also positively affecting the efficiency of the employees behavior and productiveness in that environment (Barnes-Holmes et. al., 2006, p. 56.) The field of industrial and organizational psychology (I/O) has had a very significant evolution from its original concepts to what it is today. This study is vastly different from other disciplines of psychology in many ways as one may find within this paper. The paper will also include a brief explanation of how I/O psychology can be used in organizations and the role that research and statistics plays within the field. Evolution of I/O Psychology The evolution of I/O psychology was identified in the 20th century rooting back to the late 1800s and early 1900s. It has had a large influence to the Western society even though it is seen in many other societies. During the industrial revolution it became relevant how I/O psychology has become an asset to industries and organizations. The field started its focus on job performance and organizational efficiency and evolved to what it is today. The new principles of psychology and its applications to problems in organizations heightened the interest of experimental psychologist. Two, which have been given credit with founding the field of I/O psychology...
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...Industrial/Organizational Psychology Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to examine the fundamental concepts of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answer the following questions. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology? The field of industrial/organizational psychology has been around since the late 1800's early 1900's and is rapidly growing. In the beginning, the first psychologists to practice industrial/organizational psychology was experimental psychologists ( ). Originally starting in the United Kingdom with the focus on employee health and level of fatigue. When industrial/organizational psychology was founded in the United States it was by American Psychologists Hugo Munsterberg and Walter Dill Scott. The field of industrial/organizational psychology went through a series of major events, all occurring in the United States. Another key figure was Frederick Taylor, who pioneered Scientific Mangagement; his approach on handling production workers in factories. It was Taylor who believed that there was four key factors or guidelines for all employees, across the board. It is the husband and wife team of Lilian & Frank Gilbreth who are credited as the first to receive a Industrial/Organizational Psychology degree. Most credit Bruce...
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...University of Phoenix Material Industrial/Organizational Psychology Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to examine the fundamental concepts of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answer the following questions. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. 1. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. According to Spector (2012) “I/O psychology is an eclectic field that has borrowed concepts, ideas, techniques, and theories from many other disciplines.” (p. 5). Industrial and organizational psychology, or something similar can be traced back to the studies of European scientist Herman von Helmholtz (1821-1894). He expanded on the concept of conservation of human energy to determine if the energy levels in the present labor force were sufficient to the increasing demands of the industrial revolution (Koppes, & Pickren (n.d). English philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) surmised that knowledge begins with the individual’s sensory experience. He further believed that logical thinking combined with sensory experience was superior to religion as a basis for developing a civil society (Koppes, & Pickren, n.d.). Another philosopher, Karl Marx (1818-1883) argued that freedom defined what it is to be human. He believed that a struggle for freedom existed in a capitalist system because...
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...Industrial/Organizational Psychology Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to examine the fundamental concepts of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answer the following questions. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. 1. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. During World War I the United States and United Kingdom began to implement the industrial/organization (I/O) response to the military’s request with private and government sectors (Spector, 2012). The United States, I/O were more concerned with an employee’s performance and organizational productivity. The United Kingdom directed more energy toward the health and fatigue of employees (Spector, 2012). The I/O continued to rise after the World War I in many areas used in the world today (Spector, 2012). (Spector. 2012) says “I/O psychology is an eclectic field that has borrowed concepts, ideas, techniques, and theories from many other disciplines.” These experiments played a major role in the development of I/O by providing principles and different techniques (Spector, 2012). Much in the twentieth century, professors mentor students, teach college courses, write textbooks, as well as research papers. This practice of I/O allow psychologist to analyze jobs, design employee performance systems and training programs, which assist...
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...Industrial/Organizational Psychology Paper PSY/435 December 12, 2011 Neva Wilson Industrial/Organizational Psychology Paper Evolution of Industrial/Organizational Psychology The history of industrial/organization psychology originated in the twentieth century. Experimental psychologists were the first to engage in I/O work. Their main purpose was applying the new principles of psychology to problems in organizations. Two of these experimental psychologists were Hugo Munsterberg and Walter Dill Scott. These two psychologists would be credited as being the main founds of I/O Psychology. Both of these experimental psychologists were university professors who became involved in applying psychology to problems of organizations. An engineer by the name of Frederick Winslow Taylor would have a major influence on the I/O field. Taylor studied employee productivity and developed an approach which he would later call "Scientific Management." Taylor used scientific management to handle production workers in factories. This approach included four principles which would guide organizational practices. Today, his same ideas are still used. Furthermore, two more individuals had an influence on the engineering side combined with psychology. A married couple, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, studied how individuals perform tasks by combining engineering and psychology. The Gilbreths devised the time and motion study. This incorporated measuring and timing people’s motions in doing tasks...
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...Fundamental Concepts of Industrial and Organizational Psychology The “American Psychological Association” (2012) website explains industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology as a general practice specialty of professional psychology that focuses on scientifically based solutions toward human difficulties in work and other organizational settings. I/O psychology provides solutions by way of development and application of scientific principles to the workplace (Spector, 2008). This discipline contains a facet that focuses on research as well as an application facet. Some in I/O psychology invest much of their time conducting and cataloguing research regarding people at work, while others focus on the application of the concepts generated from such research. A general overview with an emphasis on the evolution, the contrast toward other disciplines, the use of, and the role of research can provide a clear understanding of industrial and organizational psychology. Amidst the full swing of the industrial revolution, factory managers were faced with the challenge of maximizing resources. Challenges like this created a need for workplace psychology and I/O psychology quickly filled that need. The beginning stages of this discipline solely placed emphasis on the industrial component of the workplace and viewed the employees as expendable (Spector, 2008). At this stage industrial psychology sought solutions toward creating the greatest return for the least amount...
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...University of Phoenix Material Industrial/Organizational Psychology Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to examine the fundamental concepts of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answers the following questions. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. 1. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. I/O psychology was founded in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. Experimental psychologist was the first to apply the principles of psychology to problems in organizations (Spector, 2012). As these researchers have improved they have reached a lot more organizations in the century of today. Hugo Munsteberg and Walter Dill Scott where the two experimental psychologist whom started and have applied problems of organizations to psychology. These men where interested in the same thing in the research process of I/O psychology. World War I was the beginning of I/O psychology to assist the war. Another event that I/O psychology helped was Civil Rights Act of 1964 which helped to improve the hiring and treatment of employees (Spector, 2012). I/O psychology also helped discrimination against women and minorities in the workplace. I/O psychology also helped to improve organizations and work conditions for employees. This kind of psychology has also help with the right of men and...
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...Southeast University Assignment on “Contributory Field of OB” Submitted To: Asst. Prof. Md. Arifur Rahman Submitted By: Rashed Hossain Majumder ID- 2014010002002 Contributory Field of Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is an applied behavioral science that is built upon contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines. Organizational behavior can be analyzed in terms of various fields. All fields have contributed a lot in the study of Organizational Behavior. Some of the predominant areas are psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology and political science. In below the components are described briefly. 1. Psychology Psychology is the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. Psychologists involve themselves with studying and attempting to understand individual behavior. Those who have contributed and continue to add to the knowledge of organizational behavior are learning theorists, personality theorists, counseling psychologists, and, most important industrial and organizational psychologist. Early industrial and organizational psychologists concerned themselves with problems of fatigue, boredom, and other factors relevant to working conditions that could impede efficient work performance. More recently, their contributions have been expanded to include learning, perception, personality, training...
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...University of Phoenix Material Industrial/Organizational Psychology Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to examine the fundamental concepts of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answer the following questions. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. 1. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Industrial/Organizational psychology was invented in the twentieth century around the late 1800’s. I/O was introduced by two experimental psychologists who wanted to combine psychology to fixing problems within an organization. In the United States, the focus was on job performance and efficiency, and in the United Kingdom, the focus was on employee fatigue and health. In 1901, the first I/O Ph.D was awarded and in 1913, the first I/O textbook was published. Frederick Winslow Taylor was a huge influence to the field of I/O and wrote the Scientific Management, which stated: “Each job should be carefully analyzed so that the optimal way of doing tasks can be specified. Employees should be selected (hired) according to characteristics that are related to job performance. Managers should study existing employees to find out what personal characteristics are important. Employees should be carefully trained to do their job tasks. Employees should be rewarded for their productivity to encourage...
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...SUMMARY * Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion and thought, which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder. * The field of abnormal psychology identifies multiple causes for different conditions, employing diverse theories from the general field of psychology and elsewhere, and much still hinges on what exactly is meant by "abnormal". * There has traditionally been a divide between psychological and biological explanations, reflecting a philosophical dualism in regards to the mind body problem. * There have also been different approaches in trying to classify mental disorders. * Abnormal includes three different categories, they are: * subnormal * supernormal * paranormal * The science of abnormal psychology studies two types of behaviors: * Adaptive behavior * Maladaptive behavior * Clinical psychology is the applied field of psychology that seeks to assess, understand and treat psychological conditions in clinical practice. * The theoretical field known as 'abnormal psychology' may form a backdrop to such work, but clinical psychologists in the current field are unlikely to use the term 'abnormal' in reference to their practice. * Psychopathology is a similar term to abnormal psychology but has more of an implication of an underlying pathology, and as such is a term more commonly used in the medical specialty...
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...Industrial/Organizational Psychology Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to examine the fundamental concepts of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. Using the textbook, the University Library, the Internet, and/or other resources, answer the following questions. Your responses to each question will vary but overall should be 700- to 1,050-words in length. 1. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. The roots of Industrial/Organization psychology was in the 1800s and early 1900’s, but did truly come around in the 20th Century. In the beginning it was experimental psychologist who were the first psychologist to apply new principles of psychology to organizations with problems. When first introduced the United States used these new psychology principles on performance of their job and the efficiency of the Organization. As Industrial/Organization psychology has grown it has brought around significant events in the United States such as the very first book of Industrial/Organizational textbook to be published in 1913, Hawthorne Studies which began in 1924, and Civil Rights Act passed in 1964 with many other events that happened. The first two psychologist to have founded Industrial/Organization Psychology was Hugo Munsterberg and Walter Dill Scott which were college professors and experimental psychologist. Hugo Munsterberg was a pioneer in the field of Industrial/Organizational psychology and Clinical...
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...ASSIGNMENT:1 QUESTION :What are the main foundations of Organization Development? What are the stages of OD as suggested by Kurt Lewin and subsequently modified by Lippitt, Watson &Westley? ANSWER: 1) FOUNDATION OF OD (a) The field of OD rests on a foundation of values and assumptions about people and organizations. These beliefs help to define what OD is and guide its implementation. (b) Values have always been an integral part of OD package. OD values and assumption developed from research and theory, by behavioral scientist and from the experiences and observations of practicing managers. OD values tend to be humanistic, optimistic and democratic. (d) The knowledge base of OD is extensive and is constantly being upgraded. The most important concept on which OD is constructed is as follows: i) Model & theories of planned change : Organization development is directed at bringing about planned change to increase an organization's effectiveness, generally initiated and implemented by managers, often with the help of an OD practitioner either from inside or outside of the organization. Organizations can use planned change to solve problems, to learn from experience, to reframe shared perceptions, to adapt to external environmental changes, to improve performance, and to influence future changes. The theories describe the different stages through which planned change may be effected in organizations and explain the process of applying OD methods to...
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...Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 12e (Robbins/Judge) Chapter 1 What is Organizational Behavior? 1) Until the late 1980s, business school curricula emphasized the ________ aspects of management. A) ethical B) people C) technical D) human E) global Answer: C Explanation: C) Until the late 1980s, business school curricula emphasized the technical aspects of management, focusing on economics, accounting, finance, and quantitative techniques. Course work in human behavior and people skills received relatively less attention. Over the past three decades, however, business faculty have come to realize the role that understanding human behavior plays in determining a manager's effectiveness, and required courses on people skills have been added to many curricula. Diff: 1 Objective: Management and Leadership Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional LO: 1 2) Which of the following is not a reason why business schools have begun to include classes on organizational behavior? A) to increase manager effectiveness in organizations B) to help organizations attract top quality employees C) to expand organizations' consulting needs D) to improve retention of quality workers E) to help increase organizations' profits Answer: C Explanation: C) Understanding human behavior plays an important role in determining a manager's effectiveness. Developing managers' interpersonal skills helps organizations attract and keep high-performing employees. Positive social relationships...
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...Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behavior within an organization. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes sociology, psychology, communication, and management; and it complements the academic studies of organizational theory (which is focused on organizational and intra-organizational topics) andhuman resource studies (which is more applied and business-oriented). It may also be referred to as organizational studies ororganizational science. The field has its roots in industrial and organizational psychology. Organizational studies encompass the study of organizations from multiple viewpoints, methods, and levels of analysis. For instance, one textbook[1] divides these multiple viewpoints into three perspectives: modern, symbolic, and postmodern. Another traditional distinction, present especially in American academia, is between the study of "micro" organizational behaviour — which refers to individual and group dynamics in an organizational setting — and "macro" strategic management and organizational theory which studies whole organizations and industries, how they adapt, and the strategies, structures and contingencies that guide them. To this distinction, some scholars have added an interest in "me so" scale structures - power, culture, and the networks of individuals and i.e. ronit units in organizations — and "field" level analysis which study how whole populations of organizations...
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