...As farming became fundamental to ancient societies in Central America, it had a drastic impact on the population of these societies. Identify what you believe to be the three most important effects of farming, and explain your choices thoroughly. The discovery of farming by the people of the ancient societies of Central America was undoubtedly what ensured their survival. There are many ways that farming impacted these peoples, but three affects that are arguably (do not use I or me in your writing) the most prolific were the ability to produce more food in smaller areas, population growth, and the development of civilized societies (Faragher, Buhle, Czitrom, & Armitage, 2009). Farming in Central America was a process that was developed over thousands of years, with a certain amount of creativity and ingenuity. The people of this land discovered that by gathering and replanting seeds from wild food sources, they could control the growth of the food, produce larger quantities, and condense it into a smaller space. According to Faragher and associates (2009), “…a foraging society might require 100 square miles to support 100 people, a farming society required only a single square mile.” (p. 8). This led to a great increase in food supply with a reduction in the distance to travel to collect it. This allowed people to become more settled in one area and enabled them to have larger families. As farming developed, the need for more people to work in the fields as well as the ability...
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...factors present themselves in ideals such as cultural values and social expectations, but also within personal experiences and the manner with which they were dealt. Cultural values and social expectations contribute greatly to the attainment of freedom. The environment in which one is brought up creates the basis of the values and expectations that one grows accustomed to. This fundamental experience forges the personal ideas that shape one’s thoughts and actions. The discontent that Chris McCandless (Into the Wild) experiences is inversely reflected upon his parents’ expectations of him, shown in the scene where Chris is standing outside a restaurant and peering at the man within. The expectations that his parents held of him pushed Chris into the direction of the man he sees within – wealthy, successful and socially respected. However, by stepping away from this, be his disregarding his upbringing, his fundamental values and the expectations held of him. This leads to the deep unhappiness and discomfort that restricts one’s attainment of freedom. Freedom cannot be achieved if one’s fundamental point of view, forged by cultural values and expectations, is disregarded. One’s point of view is largely influenced by past experiences in life. These experiences and the manner with which they are dealt help create the psyche that shapes the individual’s thought processes. It is with these ingrained thought processes that an understanding of the world is created. This situation...
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...FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES Fundamental Duties of India are guaranteed by the constitution of India in Part IV. These duties are identified as the moral obligations and help in promoting the spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of the country. These duties are designed concerning the individuals and the nation. However, these fundamental duties are not legally enforceable. Furthermore, the citizens are morally obligated by the constitution to perform these duties. The Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976. Article 51-A of the constitution provides ten Fundamental Duties of the citizen. These duties can be classified accordingly as concerning the environment, duties towards the State and duties towards the nation and also duties towards self. However, these are non-justiciable, incorporated only with the purpose of promoting patriotism among citizens. The international instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights include reference of such duties. These Fundamental Duties are such obligations that extend not only to the citizens, but also to the State. According to the Fundamental Duties all citizens should respect the national symbols of India and also the constitution. The fundamental duties of the land also aim to promote the equality of all individuals, protect the environment and public property, to develop scientific temper, to abjure violence, to strive towards excellence...
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...viewed as very similar, yet truly different on a number of levels. In this essay, I will examine the similarities and differences between the two authors’ definitions of religion and offer my own perspective on each. Both anthropologists provide definitions that share the emphasis on religion as specific to a people, and also share the acknowledgement of rituals or practices within religion. However, Durkheim and Geertz have different fundamental, explicit concepts of religion, and in turn emphasize different aspects of religion and its social function. Many critiques on both definitions have provided a number of pros and cons to each, which in turn have led to my preference of one over the other. In examining the similarities between Durkheim and Geertz’s definitions of religion, one must observe that both authors conceptualize religion as specific to the group of people that it is present in, with limited applications outside of the group. At the heart of Emile Durkheim’s definition of religion is the concept that religion is central to society and that “religion is an eminently social thing” (DURKHEIM 2008: 39). Embedded in this idea of religion as a social entity is the concept of religion as socially-specific; as applicable only to the specific group it exists in. He goes on to claim that beliefs and rites composing a religion are “always shared by a definite group that professes them” (43). In defining religion, Clifford Geertz also makes the claim that religion is specific...
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...available to provide the wounded with food and First Aid. In 1862 he published the book A Memory of Solferino, in which he described the horror of the fight and condition of the thousands of wounded left without proper care. Dunant called for the creation of national relief societies, an idea which eventually led to the formation of the Red Cross. |Name : |Jean Henri Dunant | |Born : |May 8, 1828(1828-05 08)Geneva, Switzerland | |Died: |October 30, 1910(1910-10-30) (aged 82) | | |Heiden, Switzerland | |Nationalit: |Swiss | |Awards: |Nobel Peace Prize (1901) | Dunant's appeal in his book was :- "Would there not be some means, during a period of peace and calm, of forming Relief Societies whose object would be to have the wounded cared for in time of war by enthusiastic, devoted volunteers, fully qualified for the task?" "Would it not be possible for the princes of the art of warfare from different nations, to...
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...What is ‘social welfare’? Social welfare is a nation’s system of programs, benefits and services that help meet the psychological, social, and economic needs that are fundamental to the well-being of individuals and society (Macarov 1995). Macarov’s definition is in some senses so broad that it lacks clarity. For instance, Macarov refers to social welfare as a ‘nation’s system’ rather than a ‘government’s system’. If it includes any program, benefit or service that helps meet human needs then is that a system? The word ‘system’ suggests that it is organised or structured. The term ‘nation’s system’ introduces uncertainty into what is included and what, if anything is excluded. Now it terms of meeting needs, Macarov classifies social welfare as meeting psychological, social and economic needs that are fundamental to well-being. Is the argument here that, social welfare meets psychological, social and economic needs because they are all fundamental to well-being or is Macarov implying that social welfare only has to meet a fundamental or basic level of psychological, social and economic needs? The use of the word ‘fundamental’ in this context is rather equivocal. The wording of the definition makes the reader perplexed and drives him/her into a journey of reflection and contemplation to try to figure which of these alternatives Macarov is actually proposing. Macarov’s inclusion of psychological, social and economic needs is I believe a very broad but vague proposition...
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...NAME: UGWU JESSICA UKAMAKA MATRIC NUMBER: 14NE1039 FACULTY: EDUCATION DEPERTMENT: ART EDUCATION (ENGLISH) COURSE: CREATIVE WRITING COURSE CODE: ENG 208 LECTURER’S NAME PROF. GBENGA IBILEYE DATE: 23-11-2015 TOPIC FUNDAMENTALS OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING A. BRANCHING EGG: this is a branch of brain storming that organises the summary of writing in an egg form; placing the topic in the centre of the egg and giving it the necessary branches needed. COMPONENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING * Educational financing * School building * Educational status and headcount * Supply and demand of teachers FUNDAMENTALS OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING IMPORTANCE To avoid imbalances and enormous waste. OBJECTIVE * Political dimension * Economic dimension * Cultural dimension B. OUTLINE: this is a way of formally arranging and developing an idea on topic writing, which helps in guiding one to develop a proper and organise write-up. 1. INTRODUCTION i. Purpose: to explain the basics of educational planning ii. Is educational planning important in education? iii. What are fundamentals of educational planning? 2. BODY COMPONENTS OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING Educational financing i. Federal, state and local government ii. Individual and firms financing through scholarship School building i. Well ventilated doors and windows ii. Wide and comfortable classrooms Educational status and head count i. The numbers of pupil to be enrolled ii. The number of classes to be...
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...Hogan 2 Fundamentals of Macroeconomics When one speaks on economics, there are certain factors to consider simply from a financial bases. The first thing that needs to be done is having an understanding on what is economics? There exist many different parts economics and how it relates to society from all walks of life. The purpose of this article is to give a brief incite into the fundamentals of macroeconomic. Defining What is Economics The word "economics" derives from Greek which means the managing of a household. Economics came about as a discipline from the 18th century which was considered the branch of moral philosophy. Economic is also known as the political economy and studies issues of labor and production, and relationship to law and government. The term "economics" by the 19th century was displaced by "political economy," although the either is still used. Harvard economist Greg Mankiw states the economics is like managing a household that involves dFundamentals of Macroeconomicsecisions on what tasks are done , by who should they be done such as to whom raises the children,who does the chores and who supports the family . All these things down within a household as stated by Greg Mankiw, requires decisions to allocate resources, time and people in household management. Economics expands the the economics term beyond the household to the society at large. Societies should decide on what task will be done, what...
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...Environmental Fundamentals ENV/100 Environmental Fundamentals The fundamental principles of environmental science will be discussed in this paper and the definition of environmental science along with the elements and principles related to it will be addressed. The concept of environmental sustainability and the historic patterns surrounding will be describe, along with human values and how it affects the challenges in society. Examples of environmental hazards and how they affect the health of humans will also be provided. There are many environmental issues facing the world today. To try to understand how the natural world functions is not an easy concept to comprehend and definitely not an easy responsibility to put on society. This is why it is important to know and recognize the significance of environmental science. Environmental science is the interdisciplinary study of humanity’s relationship with other organisms and the nonliving physical environment. As human population continues to reproduce, as technology progresses and the wants and needs of humans multiply, society’s impacts on the world become harsher, despite the improvement in some areas. Environmental impacts can affect the health of humans and a human’s wellbeing. After reviewing research on the environment, environmental hazards directly affect human health. One major environmental hazard to human health is pesticides. These pesticides...
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...Article 12 Cases State as provided under Article 12 of the Constitution has four components: ( a ) The Government and Parliament of India- Government means any department or institution of department. Parliament shall consist of the President, the House of People and Council of States ( b ) The Government and Legislature of each State State Legislatures of each State consist of the Governor, Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly or any of them. ( c ) Local Authorities within the territory of India Authority means ( i ) Power to make rules, bye- laws, regulations, notifications and statutory orders. ( ii ) Power to enforce them. Local Authority means Municipal Boards, Panchayats, Body of Port Commissioners and others legally entitled to or entrusted by the government, municipal or local fund. ( d ) Other Authorities Authorities other than local authorities working ( i ) Within the territory of India or; ( ii ) Outside the territory of India. Article 12 * Pre Electricity Board case, courts took a very narrow interpretation of Article 12. * Ujjam Bai v. State of U.P (1963) - That an "inclusive" definition is generally not exhaustive is a statement of the obvious and as far as Article 12 is concerned. Rajasthan State Electricity Board v. Mohan Lal (1967) * Junior officer to the petitioner were promoted so he claimed right to equality against electricity board * Meaning of word “authority” as per Webster’s Dicitonary - "a public...
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...and create results that are worth the needs of the firm or society in question. The human service being discussed in this perspective is improving the economic chances of people and family members as well. Applying Change, Leadership, and Advocacy Theories and Processes to Societal Issues Improving employment is an issue which is derailing the development of the society, especially on matters associated with societal challenges. The issue affects the society negatively whereby people are not being employed based on their qualifications and skills, but rather through negative means like corruption. Improving employment for individuals and families entails creating jobs and offering funding for them, so as to create a positive outcome. Glicken (2008), indicates that training and teaching are strategies meant to be utilized in a friendly manner with the objective of getting rid of employment challenges within a society. Therefore, the societal issue, i.e. improving employment of individuals and families through creating jobs and offering funding for business is fundamental for the discussion because it suggests ways that can be utilized to counter poverty within the community and the lives of the citizens a better and comfortable way of living. Additionally, expert recommendations that takes capitalizes on how to improve employment will be enumerated with the objective of assisting the society live in a much better atmosphere. On matters associated with...
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...to determine the business strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (The situation analysis, 2011) and make beneficial decisions. However, legal and ethical factors are areas where issues comes at any level of the business. In this topic, it’s important to describe and analyze the critical issues around legal and ethical factors and how they impact the business performance and strategic direction. A legal factor relates to new laws or directives governing how businesses behave. This can be in relation to other businesses, customers or the environment. Indeed, businesses need to watch out for new laws put on the market. In fact, businesses’ activities are restrained by laws and regulations (A hands-on introduction to business fundamentals in foundation, 2014). Those laws could be local, national or international and all depend on where the business is operating. Moreover, changes in the laws can have a direct impact on the business if the service or product becomes highly regulated or outlawed. Similarly, government regulations, such as those that affect the environment or communication, are beyond the business control and could have a direct impact on the business. In the same way, ethical factors are the basic concepts and...
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...Fundamentals of Macroeconomics Ian Mullins ECO/372 June 21 2015 Faculty Name Fundamentals of Macroeconomics The study of macroeconomics is an academic discipline that examines the interactions of individuals on a large scale. Society as we know it is a constantly evolving collection of trends and behaviors that can be quantified into numerical results. The following paper discusses several macroeconomic scenarios that we commonly see in society. First, the simply act of purchasing groceries can have many underlying economic concepts. Next, the paper will examine how massive employee layoffs can create a ripple effect in the economy. Lastly, an explanation of the impact of decreased taxes will be explained in detail. Together, these concepts will highlight the fundamental importance of macroeconomic principles in society. Purchasing Groceries The purchasing groceries is influenced by many other components in the global economic systems. The foods we find at the grocery store were largely farmed and produced vast distances from the grocery store itself. For instance, avocados are more likely farmed in Mexico, bananas in Brazil, processed foods in China, coconut water in Thailand, wine in France, and so on. Every country has a comparative advantage when it comes to international trade, thus making it more efficient to source grocery products from all around the world. If we attempted to produce all these goods in the United States it would be far...
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...Nature & Treatment of Risk It is impossible to win the great prizes of life without running risks. So it’s needless to say the influence of ‘risk’ in our daily life as well as the business world itself. Well here are different risks and their nature briefly discussed with requisite statements. Risk: An acclaimed quote of Ralph Waldo Emerson about ‘risk’ says, ‘’I dip my pen in the blackest ink, because I am not afraid of falling into my inkpot.’’ Without being any more rhetoric here’s what Oxford English dictionary states about risk- “Risk is (Exposure to) the possibility of loss, injury, or other adverse or unwelcome circumstance; a chance or situation involving such a possibility.” Risk may vary in different field of study! But definitely the core concept is “Uncertainty”. By nature people have a strong desire against uncertain events! These events can rather be stated as ‘threat’ imperiling their way of life. Consequently the concept of insurance came up with an aim to exclude or minimize those risks! Many proclaimed authors made a careful distinction between objective and subjective risk whilst defining risk. Objective risk is a relative variation of actual loss from expected loss. This variation usually decreases as the number of exposure increases. This type of risk can be measured by using deviation. It is extremely utile to an insurer. On the other hand Subjective risk is the mental uncertainty. This risk varies from individually. In this case, the situation...
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...the causes of the French revolution and the effects it had. The French Revolution is known as one of the most significant events in the world’s history. Its impact hardly can be overvalued due to globally caused implications. Therefore, it is considered as generally valid birth of civilized principles. Appropriate analyzing requires plenty of items considering. However, there is the try to outline the most significant causes and effects of great historical event. Let’s start with the causes of the French Revolution. A major cause was social injustice and class inequalities. 18th century in French history was the time of feudal abutment. Naturally that is accompanied by different rights and duties for its members. The division of French society members was provided by Estates. In fact, prerevolutionary France experienced three of them: first, second and third estate respectively. The contrast between them was too significant and frustrated the lowest class. The first most privileged Estate was for about 2 percent of the entire population. At the end of scholastic influence era, the power of the Church was unrestricted. As for corresponding benefits, the Estate was out of tax duty. Moreover, the Church was authorized for income tithe claiming. Curiously enough, this minority owned more than 15% percent of France’s lands. The second Estate was nobility. As well as the Church, this class was free from taxes. The power of it was gathered around lands earning. The main sources of incomes...
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