...Gabon By Nicole Nam Gabon is a small country located in central Africa that has a brief history, a republic government, and a fine culture, Gabon has a positive future because Gabon has a lot of natural resources, lots of food are grown, major deposits of minerals, and fair living conditions. First, let’s talk about the history. Little is known about Gabon before 1472 because the people in this region had no way of writing down their history. In 1492, Europeans arrived in area of modern Gabon under the command of Portuguese captains named Lopes Gonsalvo and Fernan Vaz. The French established a permanent naval and trading post here in 1839. In the 1880s, the Fang and other tribes migrated to Gabon. Later, the French gained control over coast...
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...Phase 2 Research Country Selection Matrix: A Tool to Prioritize Geographic Focus IKATU is GUARANI for “Yes I Can ” Ikatu International is attempting to create employment opportunities for the world’s youth population. We are identifying gaps within current youth employment efforts, strategically modeling and implementing solutions that leverage our blended value experience (economic, social, and environmental), and creating significant impact measurements that drive dialogue on transparency and accountability. Ikatu International aspires to enable self sufficiency, teach life and social skills, and create building blocks for future generations by connecting youth to economic opportunity. Ikatu is Guarani for “Yes I Can”, a translation that speaks to both our organization and the belief systems we hope to cultivate. We would like to inspire personal dignity, realized opportunity, and leadership within young adults who have been underexposed by circumstance. Giving back to the community through smart business can stimulate positive change regardless of economic, political, religious and social context. At Ikatu International, we believe in endless possibilities and the power of “Yes I Can”. Country Selection Matrix: A Tool to Prioritize Geographic Focus Revised Report August 2010 Ikatu International The original report was authored by Meghan Corroon and Elizabeth Stewart from Causemopolis in January, 2009. INTRODUCTION The Country Matrix analysis is a reference document...
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...slaves can be found labouring as servants or concubines in Sudan, as child "carpet slaves" in India, or as cane-cutters in Haiti and southern Pakistan, to name instances. According to Anti-Slavery International, the world's oldest human rights organization, there are currently over 20 million people currently enslaved and working as slaves. The slave trade in Africa was officially banned in the early 1880s, but forced labour continues to be practiced in West and Central Africa today. UNICEF estimates that 200,000 children from this region are sold into slavery each year. Many of these children are from Benin and Togo, and are sold into the domestic, agricultural, and sex industries of wealthier, neighbouring countries such as Nigeria and Gabon. Kidnapped from their villages when they are as young as five years old, between 200,000 and 300,000 children are held captive in locked rooms and forced to weave on looms for food. Many of the bonded labourers are shackled in leg-irons in Pakistan. In the Dominican Republic, the collection of slaves for the busy harvest season is more random. The Dominican army, with the support of the State Sugar Council (known as the CEA), drags Haitians off public buses, arrests them in their homes or at their jobs, and delivers them to the cane fields. However in the in the ancient world slavery was common. The great civilizations of the Middle East, the Americas, Europe, and West Indies all kept slaves. Slavery was also common in ancient India and...
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...Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges August 2005 © 2005. Economic Commission for Africa Material from this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgment is requested, together with a copy of the publication. The views expressed are those of the original authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. Project coordinator: Adrian Gauci Editorial coordination: Cristina Müller Team: Abebe Shimeles, Workie Mitiku, Vanessa Steinmayer, Reto Thoenen This report was produced with guidance and input from Augustin Fosu, Director of the Economic and Social Policy Division of the ECA. It benefited greatly from the revisions of Bartholomew Armah and Kwabia Boateng. Special thanks to Lorna Davidson for the final editing, to Akwe Amosu for her valuable input, and to Seifu Dagnachew and Teshome Yohannes for creative and efficient lay-out and production. The report was designed by the ECA Communication Team and printed by the Documents Reproduction and Distribution Unit, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Photo credits (left to right): Front cover- R. Zurba/USAID, J. Dunlop/USAID, R. Zurba/USAID, M. Crozet/ILO. Back cover- J. Maillard/ILO, T. Brunette/USAID, I. Getachew/UNICEF. Table of Contents Acronyms .....................................................................
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...© Kamla-Raj 2004 J. Soc. Sci., 8(1): 23-27 (2004) Exploring the Forms of Child Abuse in Nigeria: Efforts at Seeking Appropriate Preventive Strategies Ifeyinwa Annastasia Mbakogu CHILD ABUSE IN THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY It may be difficult discussing the issue of child abuse in Nigeria without eliciting the African perspective. This is because first as Africans (and later developing nations), there exists a common heritage that seem to signify that similarities in culture or traditions may indicate a commonality of perceptions toward issues regarded as child abuse and eventually, similarities in strategies for addressing the problem. Moving into the African or Nigerian Perspective It is quite a formidable task formulating an effective strategy for the prevention of child abuse. To tackle this problem Marzouki (2002) made an interesting comparison between prevention strategies for child abuse or handicaps and medical management: What measures should be taken to avoid the so-called ‘street children’ pheno-menon? The preventive measures in handicap are different from medical management in type and level. For instance, when a child has a cerebral palsy due to prematurity, he would need drugs and physiotherapy. But preventing prematurity would need, among other things, health education and pregnancy monitoring. Like cerebral palsy, or seizures, sexually abused street children are merely a symptom, but the causes are derived from elsewhere. Of course it [is] the symptoms that have...
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...mandated by the League of Nation to the French and British government. The French government took the biggest sector of Cameroon, formally the East part of the country. The British took the western sector of the country. On October 1st, 1961 Cameroon become independent from the French sector, and the country was under the Untied Nation supervision. On May 1st, 1961 received automatic independence from the British government, which reunification of both sectors. With the reunification of both sectors, the Federal Republic of Cameroon was born (Home Earth Continents Africa Cameroon, 2015). Cameroon is the central part of an African country and is near the north of Atlantic Ocean. Cameroon west of the bordered of Nigeria to the south by Congo, Gabon, and to the east by the Central African Republic and northeast by Chad, and on the north by Lake Chad. Cameroon is slightly larger than California but is almost the same size as Spain. Cameroon was categorized by dense vegetation, a vast river system and a hot, humid climate with abundant rainfall. The country is rich volcanic soils that are favorable for agriculture. Because of the favorable agriculture conditions, Cameroon is one the best economies in the sub-Saharan Africa yet has many serious problems like stagnant per capita income. The country also has a relatively inequitable distribution of the earnings and unfavorable climate for business enterprise (Home Earth Continents Africa Cameroon, 2015). With two hundred different dialects...
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...All About Cameroon Background Cameroon, a West African country whose coastline is part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean, is the world’s 53rd largest country in terms of physical size with an area of 183,569 square miles. Comparison wise, it is slightly larger than Sweden, comparable in size to Papua New Guinea, or slightly larger than the state of California. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Cameroon). The word “Cameroon” originated from the Portuguese explorers who reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camaroes (or River of Prawns), which eventually evolved into the English name Cameroon (Pondi, 1997). The Cameroon flag has three equal vertical bands of green (for vegetation), red (for independence), and yellow (for sunshine), with a yellow 5-pointed star in the centered in the red band (http://www.10-facts-about.com/Cameroon/id/84). The Lonely Planet travel guide describes Cameroon as “Africa’s throbbing heart, a crazed, sultry mosaic of active volcanoes, white sand beaches, thick rainforest and magnificent parched landscapes broken up by the bizarre rock formations of the Sahel” (http://www.lonelyplanet.com/cameroon). Cameroon enjoys relatively high political and social stability. Cameroon doesn’t have the notoriety of the history of ethnic violence between the...
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...CHAPTRE ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1Background to the study Increasing income to poor people has the vital importance in the development of any country. In this new era of globalization poverty is still a worldwide problem unlikely over and the past decades whereby inspite of increasing inequality in wealth between different part of the world the problem of spreaded localized war was dominant and the newly issues such as environmental degradation, international debt, religious fundamentalism and other form of competing, collectively identify both the potential the social dislocation turning to worldwide chaos. The concept of poverty is still debatable and this result into various dimension as far as the conceptual complexity has been understood in a series of fault line including individuals or household measures private consumption only or private consumption in plus publicly provided goods, monetary or monetary plus non-monetary components of poverty, snapshots or timeline, actual or potential poverty, stocks or flow measures of poverty, in put or output measures, absolute or relative poverty. The world bank target of reducing by one-half the portion of people on extreme poverty by 2015 requires the criterion for deciding if an individual or household is poor, it does this in economic term by measuring the persons income and establishing poverty line which represent an income level below which a person is held to be in extreme poverty (Allen etal, 2004) Poverty means lack of...
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...Fossey. It was one of the most impressive movies of my life. My step-mother at the time notice how must I liked the movie and game me her very well torn copy of Gorillas in the Mist to read. I still have that book and since the first time I read it, I have been fascinated with these great apes. This is way I believe they deserve funding to help them off of the endangered species list. Western Lowland Gorillas: The scientific name for gorilla is Gorilla gorilla gorilla. (Comos, 2008) The word gorilla is derived from ancient Greek language meaning a tribe of hairy women. In Greek the word is pronounced Gorillia. Hanno the Navigator, a Carthaginian navigator was believed to be a visitor to the area that is now Sierra Leone. Hanno descried the gorillas as a tribe of hairy women. The gorillas can be found today in places like Southern Cameroon, Southwest corner of Central Africa Republic, West Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and south to the Cabinda enclaves of Angola. A group of gorillas would be called a troop, and the space that they travel is called a range. Each gorilla is indentified by the lines on their noses. These lines can be compared similar to human finger prints, no two are alike. (Western Lowland Gorillas Profile, n.d) Biological Needs: By nature most gorillas are terrestrial. The gorilla's large size requires the animals to spend long...
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...vascular system, which makes it hard for the blood to circulte through the body. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the first notification of the ebola virus was mentioned in the Ebola River valley in Zaire for the time of an outburst in 1976 (Olival et al., 2013). Researchers claim that the virus is zoonotic (animal-borne), with 4 out of 5 subtypes that happen in animal hosts close to Africa (MacNeil et al., 2010). Literature Review It has been proven by scientists that the Ebola virus can be transferred from one human beng to another by means of bodily contact. The common geographic territory that ia mostly influenced by divergent subtypes of the Ebola virus is Central Africa, especially the cities of Zaire, Sudan, and Gabon (Chepurnov, Bakulina, Dadaeva, Ustinova, & Chepurnova, 2009). Ebola virus infection runs its course from 14 to 21 days. Firstly, the infection can be identified with symptoms that are uncommon for the flu, including malaise, fever, and muscles pain. With the progress of infection, patients experience acute bleeding and coagulation abnormalities such as a rash, gastrointestinal bleeding (Chepurnov, Bakulina, Dadaeva, Ustinova, & Chepurnova, 2009). It is considered to be of RNA viruses that are named the Filoviridae and occurs in one out of two members of a family. On the whole, five determined subtypes of Ebola virus are distinguished. It is important to mention that four out of five subtypes lead to disease in human organisms only...
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...Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice. Nurses practice in a wide diversity of practice areas with a different scope of practice and level of prescriber authority in each. Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and this traditional role has come to shape the historic public image of nurses as care providers. However, nurses are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings depending on training level. In the postwar period, nurse education has undergone a process of diversification towards advanced and specialized credentials, and many of the traditional regulations and provider roles are changing. Nurses develop a plan of care, working collaboratively with physicians, therapists, the patient, the patient's family and other team members, that focuses on treating illness to improve quality of life. In the U.S., advanced practice nurses, such as clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners, diagnose health problems and prescribe medications and other therapies, depending on individual state regulations. Nurses may help coordinate the patient care performed by other members of an interdisciplinary health care team such as therapists...
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...the disease. The mosquito is known as the Aedes Aegypti mosquito, it is the leading spread of Zika. The mosquito itself feels harmless when feeding, primarily on humans, making it less of a chance someone will try to kill it, when being bitten. This mosquito is know to biting four to five humans in one of its meals. There is no known treatment or vaccine for the disease, although Mosquito population control and the avoiding of mosquito bites are the only known prevention of the disease. Although, there are two other known causes of spreads, from a pregnant woman to her baby, or through sexual contact or through blood transmission. The low amount of information of the disease, is primarily what makes this disease so threatening. Pregnant women and their babies are the only people harmed when infected, in which much research is being done to solve what effects the disease has on their bodies,"Now, for the first time, Zika is suspected of being the culprit behind a constellation of devastating birth defects, most notably microcephaly, a rare condition in which babies are born with head and brain abnormalities. In adults, the virus has been associated with another rare condition, called Guillain-Barré syndrome, that can result in paralysis and even death. But, even at this point, scientists are not able to say definitively that Zika is the cause of the problems" ("Why Zika is much more Insidious, Cunning and Evil"). Once infected symptoms last for days, but rarely leads to death or...
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...LONG AGO AND NOT TRUE ANYWAY BLOGGING ABOUT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, POLITICS AND LIVING WITH DISEASE. SUNDAY, OCTOBER 09, 2005 Four Fallacies of African Development Someone called Chris has placed a comment below my last little piece on aid and conditionality and, as is sometimes the case when he resists his impulse to troll, he has made some almost-sensible points. Or at least, points that have had much currency in the mainstream media and debates about international development. So I thought I’d take the time to discuss them here. In his post Chris wrote: ...the fact remains, Africa's problems are by and large internal…True, agricultural subsidies must be lifted by the US and the EU, but simply throwing aid money at the problem will ultimately come to no good. After all, even when African countries do possess sources of great wealth--diamonds in Sierra Leone and oil in Nigeria, for instance--those resources often end up being a curse on95% of the respective country's populace. On the other hand, a few nations have done better through internal improvements; Botswana is often cited as an example of this, but their 40% Aids rate--definitely attributable to rampant sexual activity--is impossible to overlook. Encapsulated in this spiel are what could be termed ‘the four great fallacies of the Africa Debate’. I’ll attend to each of these in turn. Fallacy 1 - Africa’s problems are by in large internal There’s no denying that some of Africa’s problems are internal...
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...Shameeza Subtil Professor Lindo African American Arts May 5, 2010 Exploring African Influence on the West Indian/Caribbean Culture It is rather interesting that in a “progressive” society, our behavior and practices are firmly rooted in our past. It is ever possible to wrest ourselves from the harsh realities of slavery and its ensuing impact upon Caribbean way of life? Probably to do so may mean rewriting history (our-story) or maybe knowledge of where we are coming from is what we need to help us embrace those parts of our history that must be held on to and celebrated and relinquish the undesirable parts: our acceptance of being powerless; our antagonistic propensities. The impact of West Indian slavery on the cultural landscape of the Caribbean cannot be under estimated or taken for granted. In the entire discourse on West Indian slavery, it is often taken for granted that the discussion centers solely on enslaved Africans. However, slavery brought to the region not only African but Europeans (Spaniards, French and British) and consequent to its abolition, there was the advent of the east Indians. We see the impact of their influence in the names of places; the foods we eat; our music and dance; our arts and craft, gender and sexuality. As these and other anecdotal evidences are examined and the academic contributions of others are analysed, Caribbean culture will be clearly defined and its origin established. Slavery and its attending impact upon Caribbean culture have been...
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...rights to use and how it be used * Issues: marriage, inheritance, sale, mortgage, size of farming, operation, water, pasture, and tenancy * Types: Communal, Pvt/Freehold, State * Communal most popular Issues in communal land system: * Use and conservation given degradation, agroforestry, cultivation * Security of tenure & investment – what you control determines level of your investment into land * Exclusivity of tenure – if not exclusive use, and you cant control mgt of – not invest * Land as asset for credit – if not own/control, not get finance * Fragmentation/Subdivision – are small less prod than large farms (see reading)? * Personal Land ratio’s, mobility, etc * Gender: men control most. Women thru their men * No security of tenure - Does it kill innovation? Flexibility? LT Reform: May involve: * Divide large plot amoung poop/landless? What about EOS * Nationalising agric land and create state owned? What about EOS *...
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