...model can also serve as a communication and visual tool to assist in conceptualizing complicated instructional design process or schematics as well as how the various elements and stages relate to each other. It should be noted that the application of the model relies on the instructional scenario, problem or task. To make sure that there is a procedural way of establishing the instructional design process for a particular educational initiative, instructional design should be used. This is because they serve as important tools of learning and they make the work of teachers easier. According to Carey and Carey (2001), ...instructional design can be defined as the systematic method for analyzing, designing, developing, evaluating and managing the instructional process efficiently; based on the knowledge and experiences of learning and instructional theories so that it will improve the quality of instruction and ensure effective and retentive learning (p. 5). Models give users a new way to see and understand hard problems. By making use of a teaching plan exemplar, one is able to organize a teaching plan. A teaching plan exemplar also assists the creator in conveying...
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...phases: 1) Analysis 2) Design 3) Development 4) Implementation 5) Evaluation Phases of ADDIE: 1) Analysis: During the analysis phase, the learner’s goals, objectives and learning problems are identified by the instructor. The learning environment, modes of imparting the knowledge and any other constrain are also observed by the instructor. 2) Design: This is the next sequential stage in the ADDIE model where a blue print or prototype of the learning material is made catering to the needs of the learner. A detailed systematic design is created for the user here. 3) Development: Actual creation of the learning material It could be an integration of various tools and technologies. Developing the procedure for the maximum learning outcome is focused on this phase. 4) Implementation: The designed plan is put into action in this phase for the learner by imparting knowledge through the planned tools and activities. 5) Evaluation: This phase is a tool to find out the effectiveness of the learning program. It ensures that all the learning goals of the process are met. This tool also helps to figure out any changes to be made in the learning program for providing the maximum positive learning experience to the learner. Definition of Gagne’s Theory of Instruction model: To cater to different learning styles Robert...
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...eigh distiGagne’s Eight Distinctive Types of Learning To complete this assignment, you will need to fill in the following boxes: 1. In the first box you will identify one of Gagne’s Eight Distinctive Types of Learning. 2. In the next box you will provide a description of the Learning Type you identified. 3. In the last box you will discuss how this Learning Type does or does not apply to you and your learning. 4. Repeat steps until all Eight of Gagne’s Distinctive Types of Learning are identified, described, and discussed. Each description and discussion should be substantive and requires a minimum of 3 sentences per response. Save this document and type directly onto the document and into the boxes. The boxes will expand to accommodate what you write. Submit as an attachment to the appropriate drop box. Gagne’s Eight Distinctive Types of Learning | Description of the Learning Type | Discuss how this does or does not apply to you and your learning | Signal learning(p.79) | An individual learns to make a general, diffuse response to a signal. This is the classic conditioned response of Pavlov. Thus meaning an emotional response. (p.79) | Signal learning does apply to me because I do more times than none respond in an emotional state. I respond in a way of how I am feeling at any given time. If I am upset, I would answer in a aggressive way. | Stimulus-response learning (p.79) | The learner acquires a precise response to a discriminated...
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...Even with all the research and studies conducted there still seems to be a gap in the education system when it comes to twice-exceptional students. Research conducted involves different methodology and approaches. Regardless of the result, there are several themes that reoccur: the impact of legislation on the special education system, educating and supporting the educators, and correct placement of students with disabilities. Gagne’s Conditions of Learning theory stipulates that there are several different types or levels of learning and that each different type requires different types of instruction and supports the need for additional direct instruction (DI)/special room instructional options for “twice-exceptional” students. The sources from my research thus far have fallen within the scope of Gagne’s...
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...important piece of American history with an elaborate story in itself, the Emancipation Proclamation gives the teacher an opportunity to expand the students' understanding of the world in which they live. The Learners This lesson is for an 8th grade class. These learners have some experience in school and are typically between ages 12 and 14 years old. Eighth graders have some experience in school and many have either decided to be part of it or not. This makes instructing them more of a challenge as the teacher must keep them engaged in the lesson. Although this is a challenge for a teacher of any age, the middle teen years present teachers with students undergoing pubescent changes that can have the child's mind otherwise occupied. The Learning Environment The learners will be in a classroom with desks, although multiple students may be seated at tables, work will be performed individually. The class will be shown a video to be displayed on a screen at the front of the classroom. Activities and Elements Day One Students will begin the class by answering the questions: “If you were president during the Civil War, how would you have responded to the existence of slavery in the United States of America? Why? How do you think people would have reacted to your actions?” (Self, 2011). (G1, Remembering, Understanding, Applying) Teacher will explain to the students that the next few days will be spent examining the Emancipation Proclamation and how different people reacted to...
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...------------------------------------------------- LEARNING Submitted to: Prof. Ma. Corazon Cabigao Constantino PSYC1013 Th 10:30am-1:30pm Submitted by: Apiladas, Jessa Marie Bestal, Vanesa Billones, Joanne Camangian, Mae-Ann Cortez, Shayna Dela Cruz, Carlo BSA I-1, GROUP 2 What is “learning”? In ordinary language, this term is applied to many different cases—the development of new skills, the acquisition of new knowledge, and more. Although most people think of learning as “studying”, a lot of situations nonetheless take place outside a classroom. Psychologists define it more broadly as the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors. It is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. Notice that this definition excludes temporary changes caused by motivation, fatigue, maturation, disease, injury, or drugs. Each of these can alter our behavior, but none qualifies as learning. Merely repeating a response will not necessarily produce learning. You could close your eyes and swing a tennis racket hundreds of times without learning anything about tennis. Merely repeating a response will not necessarily produce learning. You could close your eyes and swing a tennis racket hundreds of times without learning anything about tennis. For one to learn something, one must experience it first, whether directly from the person’s own experience or indirectly through the experiences of others. Learning must also be able to produce some kind...
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...THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system allows the animal to quickly detect, communicate and co-ordinate information about its external and internal environment so it can make efficient appropriate responses for survival and/or reproduction. The two major parts of our nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is made of the brain and spinal cord. The cranial nerves, spinal nerves and ganglia make up the PNS. The cranial nerves connect to the brain. The cranial and spinal nerves contain the axons (fibres) of sensory and motor nerve cells. Nerve cells areas are also known as neurons. Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. They carry information or impulses as electrical signals from one place to another in the body. There are 3 types of neurons: Sensory Neurons- Sensory neurons carry electrical signals (impulses) from receptors or sense organs to the CNS. Sensory neurons are also called afferent neurons. The cell body of sensory neurons is outside the CNS in ganglia. Motor Neurons- Motor Neurons Carry Impulses From The CNS To Effector Organs Motor Neurons Are Also Called Efferent Neurons. The Cell Bodies Of Motor Neurons Are Inside The CNS. Interneurons- These are also called intermediate, relay, or associative neurons. They carry information between sensory and motor neurons. They are found in the CNS. TOP The Structure of Neurons A Neuron consists of THREE MAIN PARTS: A. CELL...
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...Comparison of Two Theories of Learning -Behaviorism and Constructivism as applied to Face-to-Face and Online Learning Dr. Mary Anne Weegar Dr. Dina Pacis National University San Diego, CA, USA Abstract The two theories of learning discussed are Behaviorism and Constructivism. Skinner and Watson, the two major developers of the behaviorist school of thought sought to prove that behavior could be predicted and controlled (Skinner, 1974). They studied how learning is affected by changes in the environment. The constructivists viewed learning as a search for meaning. Piaget and Vygotsky described elements that helped predict what children understand at different stages (Rummel, 2008). Details of both theories illuminate the differences and connections between the behavioral and constructivist theories in relationship to how children learn and how their behavior is affected. How curriculum and instruction work with these theories to promote learning and how educators view learning with respect to both theories are also reviewed. Introduction Many students enrolled in institutions of higher education in the United States have had experience with both face-to-face and online classes. Educational researchers have begun to examine the technological characteristics of online classes which contribute to making online classes equivalent to face-to-face classes in relationship to their pedagogical effectiveness. The growth of online learning has changed the traditional learning environment of brick...
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...Economic Status2.How many student does have : 2.1 1-5 minutes of attention 2.2 6-10 minutes of attention 2.3 11-15 minutes of attention 2.4 16-20 minutes of attention3. What are the skills that develop in watching the audio visual presentation? 3.1. Verbal information3.2 Intellectual Skills 3.3 Cognitive strategies 3.4 Motor Skills 4.4 Attitude 4. Do the use of Audio visual Presentation in the Storytelling affect the Attention Span of kinder 2 at South Crest School? | Assessment Tools * Questionnaire * Audio Visual Aids | 1. The Impact of Using Audio Visual Presentation in Storytelling to Attention Span of Kinder 2 at South Crest School. | THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Albert Bandura, one who developed social learning theory around the core concept that human beings learn by watching and patterning the behavior and attitudes of...
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...LEARNING THEORIES - COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORIES l CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 5 Learning Theories - Cognitive Learning Theories LE ARNI NG OUTCOMES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Explain what is cognitive revolution and the cognitive perspective on learning and how it differs from other theoretical perspective; Discuss the origins of the contemporary cognitive perspective including the Gestalt psychology and the role of perception; Describe the Information processing model to learning and distinguish the features of ‘Multistore model’; Explain what is schema theory; Link schema theory to cognitive structuralism and examine the role of insightful learning and meaningful learning; and Discuss application of cognitive theories in the classroom. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 104 CHAPTER 5 l LEARNING THEORIES - COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORIES INTRODUCTION Sometimes you wonder why the teacher use colourful chalk with some of the words written on the board. Sometimes the teacher write in capital letter with important words. These are useful as guides for the students to differentiate the important and unimportant facts. In other words, accurate perception is important in good learning. It is part of the Gestalt principles. Clearly, these principles are useful as guide for teachers as they organize their materials and learning activities. So in this chapter, we will discuss the origin and features of cognitive theory and relate them to...
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...Systems Research Center, University of Minnesota Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/249596 Accessed: 15/04/2008 11:44 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=misrc. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We enable the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. http://www.jstor.org Modelsof Learning The Use of Information Technology to Enhance Management School Education: A Theoretical View By: Dorothy E. Leidner Baylor University P.O. Box 98005 Waco, Texas 76798 U.S.A. dorothy_leidner@business...
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...Standard 1: A school administrator is an educational leader who promotes the success of all students by facilitating the development, articulation, implementation, and stewardship of a vision of learning that is shared and supported by the school community. The effective administrator: 1.1 Uses research about best professional practice. Cooperative Learning "Cooperative learning is the instructional use of small groups so that students work together to maximize their own and each other's learning." WHAT IS IT? Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement. WHY USE IT? Documented results include improved academic achievement, improved behavior and attendance, increased self-confidence and motivation, and increased liking of school and classmates. Cooperative learning is also relatively easy to implement and is inexpensive. HOW DOES IT WORK? Here are some typical strategies that can be used with any subject, in almost any grade, and without a special curriculum: Group Investigations are structured to emphasize higher-order thinking skills such as analysis and evaluation. Students work to produce a group project, which they may have a hand...
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...Information Technology Security or equivalent Corequisite: None Table of Contents Course Overview 5 Course Summary 5 Critical Considerations 5 Instructional Resources 6 Required Resources 6 Additional Resources 6 Course Management 8 Technical Requirements 8 Test Administration and Processing 8 Replacement of Learning Assignments 9 Communication and Student Support 9 Academic Integrity 10 Grading 11 Course Delivery 13 Instructional Approach 13 Methodology 13 Facilitation Strategies 14 Unit Plans 15 Unit 1: Information Security Policy Management 15 Unit 2: Risk Mitigation and Business Support Processes 25 Unit 3: Policies, Standards, Procedures, and Guidelines 33 Unit 4: Information Systems Security Policy Framework 42 Unit 5: User Policies 50 Unit 6: IT Infrastructure Security Policies 58 Unit 7: Risk Management 66 Unit 8: Incident Response Team Policies 74 Unit 9: Implementing and Maintaining an IT Security Policy Framework 83 Unit 10: Automated Policy Compliance Systems 90 Unit 11: Course Review and Final Examination 97 Course Support Tools 101 Evaluation of Student Learning 102 STUDENT COPY 103 Graded Assignment Requirements 104 Unit 1 Discussion 1: Importance of Security Policies 105 Unit 1 Assignment 1: Security Policies Overcoming Business...
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...during a different academic year should consult their faculty to ensure they are following the correct program map. i Message from President Tim McTiernan I am delighted to welcome you to the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), one of Canada’s most modern and dynamic university communities. We are a university that lives by three words: challenge, innovate and connect. You have chosen a university known for how it helps students meet the challenges of the future. We have created a leading-edge, technology-enriched learning environment. We have invested in state-of-the-art research and teaching facilities. We have developed industry-ready programs that align with the university’s visionary research portfolio. UOIT is known for its innovative approaches to learning. In many cases, our undergraduate and graduate students are working alongside their professors on research projects and gaining valuable hands-on learning, which we believe is integral in preparing you to lead and succeed. I encourage you to take advantage of these opportunities to become the best you can be. We also invite our students to connect to the campus and the neighbouring communities. UOIT students enjoy a stimulating campus life experience that includes a wide variety of clubs, cultural and community events. We are proud of our outstanding recreational...
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