...Instruction Sets: Characteristics and Functions The essential elements of a computer instruction are the opcode, which specifies the operation to be performed; the source and destination operand references, which specify the input and output locations and for the operation; and a next instruction reference, which is usually implicit. (understood) Opcode specify operation in one of the following general categories: arithmetic and logic operations; movement of data between two registers, register and memory or two memory locations; I/O; and control. Operand references specify a register or memory location of operand data. The type of data may be addresses, numbers, characters and logical data. A common architectural feature in processor is the use of stack, which may or may not be visible to the programmer. Stacks are used to manage procedure calls and returns and may be provided as an alternative form of addressing memory. The basic stacks operation are PUSH, POP, and operations on the top one or two stack locations. Stacks typically are implemented to grow from higher addresses to lower addresses. The machine instructions set provides the functional requirements for the CPU: Implementing the CPU is a task that in large part involves implementing the machine instructions set. MACHINE INSTRUCTIONS CHARACTERISTICS The operation of the CPU is determined by the instructions it executes referred to as Machine Instructions or computer instructions The collection of different...
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...Set of Instructions Author Author Affiliation Abstract Instructions are set of guidelines that helps to perform a process or procedure. Making an USB fan is an easy “Do It Yourself” project. Anybody with access to a computer USB port can run a small fan. This paper describes instructions to be followed in order to make a USB fan. Title of Paper Equipment required: 1. Small 5 Volt dc Motor. 2. An adhesive glue, 3. A (exhausted) round shaped marker pen, 4. An USB cable, 5. Cutting tool like scissors or knife, 6. Wire stripper, 7. Tape, 8. Plastic gear available from any small toy car. 9. A circular piece of plastic of diameter 3” Instructions: 1. Firstly cut the USB cable at one end (it should be the end with female jack), 2. Locate red and black cables. Leave the rest. 3. Stripe out the copper wires using cable stripper, 4. Connect the red and black cable to that of the motor, 5. Attach the gear to the shaft of the motor, 6. Now make 8 cut to the center of the circular plastic. It would take small triangular shapes. Twist the triangular shaped wings of the fan slightly inwards, 7. Attach the circular plastic to the gear using glue, 8. Put the motor with the plastic on top of the marker and stick with the glue, 9. Now fix the other part of the marker on top of the cd vertically. 10. Connect the male USB jack to the USB port of a computer. The fan should move perfectly. Figure 1: Completed...
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...Chapter 10 Instruction Sets: Characteristics and Functions What is an instruction set? - The complete collection of instructions that are understood by a CPU - is the part of the computer architecture related to programming, including the native data types, instructions, registers,addressing modes, memory architecture, interrupt and exception handling, and external I/O. An ISA includes a specification of the set of opcodes (machine language), and the native commands implemented by a particular processor. - Machine Code - Binary - Usually represented by assembly codes Elements of an Instruction -Operation code (Op code) - Do this - Specifies the operation to be performed (e.g.. ADD, I/O). The operation is specified by a binary code, known as the operation code, or opcode. - Source Operand reference - To this - The operation may involve one or more source operands, that is, operands that are inputs for the operation. - Result Operand reference - Put the answer here - The operation may produce a result. - Next Instruction Reference - When you have done that, do this... - This tells the CPU where to fetch the next instruction after the execution of this instruction is complete. Where have all the Operands gone? - The next instruction to be fetched is located in main memory or, in the case of a virtual memory system, in either main memory or secondary memory (disk). In most cases, the next instruction to be fetched immediately follows...
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...definition of the following: a. Set: A set is a collection of items, referred to as the elements of the set. b. Subset: A subset is a portion of a set c. Proper Subset: a subset that includes some but not all elements of another set d. Compliment of a set: The complement of a set is the set of all elements in the universal set that are not in the initial set e. Union of a set: all elements that are either in one set the other or both. f. Intersection of a set: is the set of all elements that are common to both sets. Solve following problems showing your work: 2. Set X = {3, 7, 11, 21, 39, 43, 567}, Set Y = {1, 3, 6, 8, 11, 42, 567} a. What is the union of Sets X and Y? {1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 21, 39, 42, 43, 567} b. What is the intersection of Sets X and Y+ {3, 11, 567} c. Create your own set Z that is a proper subset of Set X. Set Z = {3, 7, 11, 21, 39, 43} 3. Let Set 1 be the entire alphabet. Let Set 2 = {m, n, o, p, q, r} a. What is the complement of Set 2 in Set 1? 2’ = {a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,I,j,k,l,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z} b. Set 3 = {n, o, p, q}. Is Set 3 a proper subset of Set 2? Explain your reasoning. Yes, a proper subset is a subset that includes some but not all elements of another set 4. Take out a coin for the following problems: a. Suppose you are going to flip a coin once. What is the set of possible outcomes for this? S = {Heads, Tails} b. Suppose you are going to flip a coin twice. What is the set of possible outcomes for this? S...
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...needed for the busy season. Graphs and charts are used when presenting this type of data to show variations between seasons. As with any data, there can be several factors that can influence the validity of the data if it isn’t consistent, such as if there is an abundance of discrepancies in the data sets that could potentially compromise its validity. Some factors that would affect the validity of the set would be weather, temperature, and construction. The continuous changes in these factors could determine whether business will be good or bad. Reliability of the data set can convey the genuine, dependable, constant, and the consistency. Misplaced documents of employee’s record could also affect the reliability of the set. Another problem is no-shows and illnesses could offset the information trying to be analyzed. The steps taken for my conclusion about the validity and reliability was to check and make sure if the data was consistent and if the process was collected was valid for the study. This gave me a chance to check the data to make sure that everything was good enough to be included in the study.Central tendency and variability give us a more accurate picture of the data set. Three conclusions I can draw from the analysis are; firstly, the manager will need enough labors to cover above his expected average of 76 customers. Secondly, there isn’t enough data to conclude when the labors are to be scheduled. And lastly, further data and research needs to be performed in order...
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...University of Phoenix Material Data Set Worksheet In 150 to 350 words, define and describe structured data sets. Use at least one outside source in your response. Structured data sets are information or data that is organized in a uniform manner so that a computer can identify it and process it. Structured data is commonly used for things like templates, drop down lists, medical vocabularies (LOINC or SNOMED CT), and boxes that can be checked (Futrell, 2013). Information that is organized in structured data sets can be easily located and enables the full capability of an EHR with things like trend analysis and decision support. A doctor’s office uses structured data sets by using templates that record a patient’s information like demographics, vitals, etc. Data that is coded and organized allows for interoperability (Futrell, 2013). Having information in structured data sets means that information can be shared between different systems and even different providers. Having all of the patient’s information in structured data sets is important when point of care is delivered. If a physician has all of a patient’s information, I believe that they can reach a more accurate diagnosis and plan of treatment. Using the following table, identify and list at least five benefits and five challenges of structured data sets. Explain each benefit or challenge in 50 to 100 words. |Benefits |Challenges ...
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...Instruction Set Sl.No. Instruction 1 nop 2 stop 3 adi xx 4 subi xx 5 xri xx 6 ani xx 7 ori xx 8 cmi xx 9ret 16 17 add 18 sub 19 xor 20 and 21 or 22 cmp 23 movs 24 movd 25 movi xx 26 store 27 load 28 push 29 pop 30jmpd xx 37 38jmpr 45 for the Single-Bus Processor Architecture Action Op Code (Hex) No action 00 Exit the program 01 02 [AR] ← [AR] + xx 03 [AR] ← [AR] – xx 04 [AR] ← [AR] ⊕ xx 05 [AR] ← [AR] ∧ xx 06 [AR] ← [AR] ∨ xx [AR] – xx (Flags only) 07 [PC] ← [[SP]], [SP] ← [SP]+1 08 to 0F if = 1 10-1F (n:0-F) [AR] ← [AR] + [] 20-2F (n:0-F) [AR] ← [AR] – [] 30-3F(n:0-F) [AR] ← [AR] ⊕ [] 40-4F(n:0-F) [AR] ← [AR] ∧ [] 50-5F(n:0-F) [AR] ← [AR] ∨ [] [AR] – [] (Flags only) 60-6F(n:0-F) 70-7F(n:0-F) [OR] ← [], [AR] ← [] 80-8F(n:0-F) [] ← [AR] 90-9F(n:0-F) [] ← xx [[AR]] ← [] [] ← [[AR]] [SP] ← [SP]–1, [[SP]] ← [] [] ← [[SP]], [SP] ← [SP]+1 [PC] ← xx if = 1 [PC] ← [AR] if = 1 A0-AF(n:0-F) B0-BF(n:0-F) C0-CF(n:0-F) D0-DF(n:0-F) E0 to E7 E8 to EF 46[SP] ← [SP]–1, [[SP]]← [PC], cd xx F0 to F7 53 [PC] ← xx if = 1 54[SP] ← [SP]–1, [[SP]]← PC], cr F8 to FF 61 [PC] ← [AR] if = 1 Flags: Zero (Z), Carry (CY), Sign (S), Parity (P) = u/z/nz/c/nc/p/m/op ⇒ FL = 0/Z/Z’/CY/CY’/S/S’/1 if Parity odd = r1/r2/r3/r4/r5/r6/r7/r8/r9/r10/r11/PC/SP/AR/OR ALU Function Codes: 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 1111 ADD SUB XOR AND OR CMP A1 Architecture based on a Single Internal Data Bus RD WR Address Bus LMR Memory Address Register (MR) Memory and Input/Output Ports SRG Data...
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...MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION MARKETING MANAGEMENT BPMM 6013 CASE STUDY: AN ACCOUNT OF THE PURCHASE OF A TELEVISION SET IN SINGAPORE PREPARED BY: ISKANDAR MUSA (814028) 1. What are the different stages in the buying process for a television set? What critical stimuli or events drive each stage? Buying process is the process by which individuals search for, select, purchase, use, and dispose of goods and services, in satisfaction of their needs and wants. Generally, consumer passes through five stages of buying process: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and postpurchase behavior as illustrate in Figure 1. But consumers do not always pass through all five stages in buying a product. They may skip or reverse some stages. Problem recognition Information Search Evaluation of alternatives Purchase Decision Postpurchase Behavior In this case, a couple wanted to buy a new television set. The buying process starts when the couple recognizes a problem or need a new bigger television when their in-laws move in. They spend so much of their free time watching television. Once decision has been made, now is to search for information. There are two levels, namely heightened attention, where a customer simply becomes more receptive to information about a product. In this case, the couple directly entered the active information search level. They started browsing newspaper and magazines (Public)...
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...[pic] [pic] 毕业论文(设计) 论文(设计)题目: 基于Davinci平台的数字电视机顶盒播放设计与实现 姓 名 马衍庆 学 号 20071201140 学 院 信息科学与工程学院 专 业 集成电路设计与集成系统 年 级 2007级 指导教师 刘 琚 2010 年 5月28日 目录 中文摘要 1 ABSTRACT 2 第1章 前言 3 1.1 选题背景及意义 3 1.2 机顶盒概述 4 1.2.1 机顶盒的分类 4 1.2.2 数字电视机顶盒关键技术 4 1.2.3 我国数字电视机顶盒的发展现状 5 1.3 本文研究的主要内容及内容安排 5 1.4 本章小结 6 第2章 数字电视相关标准 7 2.1 MPEG-2标准简介 7 2.1.1 MPEG-2标准概述 7 2.1.2 数字电视系统中MPEG-2双复用原理 7 2.1.3 PSI简介 9 2.2 DVB标准简介 10 2.2.1 DVB联盟 10 2.2.2 SI介绍 10 2.3 本章小结 12 第3章 基于Davinci技术的数字机顶盒硬件系统 13 3.1 Davinci数字多媒体技术概述 13 3.1.1 Davinci技术 13 3.1.2 Davinci多媒体芯片TMS320DM646X 14 3.1.3 Davinci技术及其芯片应用和开发前景 14 3.2 基于Davinci技术的多媒体芯片架构 15 3.2.1 TMS320DM6467的特点 15 3.2.2 TMS320DM6467结构框架 17 3.2.3 ARM子系统 18 3.2.4 TMS320C64X+DSP子系统 19 3.2.5视频处理子系统(VPSS) 21 3.2.5.1视频处理前端 21 3.2.5.2视频处理后端 22 3.2.6 VICP模块 23 3.2.7 外部存储器接口 23 3.3本章小结 23 第4章 DVB-C数字电视机顶盒的软件系统设计 24 4.1数字电视机顶盒的基本原理 24 4.2 DM6467的软件框架 24 4.3 ARM端内核开发 25 4.3.1设备驱动程序介绍 25 4.3.2字符设备驱动程序的开发 26 4.3.2.1字符型设备驱动的框架 27 4.3.2.2 Framebuffer的驱动程序 28 4.4 ARM端应用程序 30 4.4.1线程介绍 30 4.4.2 Linux下的多线程编程 31 4.4.3 Codec Engine的介绍...
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...592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET Purchase here http://devrycourse.com/proj-592-week-6-quiz-three-different-set Product Description PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET Purchase here http://devrycourse.com/proj-592-week-6-quiz-three-different-set Product Description PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET Purchase here http://devrycourse.com/proj-592-week-6-quiz-three-different-set Product Description PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET Purchase here http://devrycourse.com/proj-592-week-6-quiz-three-different-set Product Description PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET Purchase here http://devrycourse.com/proj-592-week-6-quiz-three-different-set Product Description PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET Purchase here http://devrycourse.com/proj-592-week-6-quiz-three-different-set Product Description PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET Purchase here http://devrycourse.com/proj-592-week-6-quiz-three-different-set Product Description PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET PROJ 592 WEEK 6 QUIZ - THREE DIFFERENT SET Purchase here http://devrycourse...
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...As a set and/or lighting designer, what effects would you want to create for your audience in Act 1 and Act 2? Explain how your set design/lighting design would change from Act 1 to Act 2. A Doll’s House by Henrick Ibsen is an iconic play expressing harsh truths on social rules and etiquette in the late 1800’s. The play allows a simple yet symbolic set and lighting design – forcing the audience to think and question the play writes intentions as well as the interpretation of the director. The play is over a period of three days; Act 1 is on Christmas Eve and Act 2 being over Christmas day –the set changes over both acts in small but significant ways allowing the audience to understand the detrition of the perfect reality in which Nora lives by. As a set or lighting designer, I would want the audience to experience a tense, chilling and abrupt atmosphere that illuminates the distorted reality, which is being broken slowly. As women during the late 1800’s where not meant to become involved with the dealings of money and business – it was the man’s job. By doing this Nora has brought on a sense of shame and disgrace to her family, as Helmer is lead to believe by the influence of society that he can no longer control his wife. In Act 1, Ibsen indicates to the set and lighting designers how he wishes the play to be set up. From the stage directions I am able to understand that the atmosphere within the opening scene of the play should be ‘comfortable and tasteful’ but ‘not...
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...algorithm that prompts the user to enter his or her favorite color and stores the users input in a variable named color. Display “enter favorite color” Input variable=color 3. Write an assignment statements that perform the following operations with the variables a, b, and c. a. ADDS 2 to a and stores the result in b a+2=b b. Multiplies b times 4 and stores the result in a b*4=a c. Divides a by 3.14 and stores the result in b a/3.14=b d. Subtracts 8 from b and stores the result in a 8-b=a 4. Assume the variables result w, x, y, and z are all integers, and that w=5, x=4, y=8, and z=2. What value will be stored in result in each of the following statements? a. Set result = x+y 12 b. Set result = z*2 4 c. Set result = y/x 4 d. Set result = y-2 6 5. Write a pseudocode statement that declares the variable COST so it can hold real numbers. Declare real variable cost 6. Write a pseudocode statement that declares the variable TOTAL so it can hold integers. Initialize the variable with the value 0. Declare Real Price=0 7. Write a pseudocode statement that assigns the value 27 to the variable content. Count=27 8. Write a pseudocode statement that assigns the sum of 10 and 14 to the variable COUNT. Count=10+14 9. Write a pseudocode statement that subtracts the variable downPayment from the variable TOTAL and assigns the result to the variable DUE. DUE = downPayment – TOTAL 10. Write...
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...Write a pseudocode statement that declares the variable cost so it can hold real number. • Floating-point variable cost 6. Write a pseudocode statement that declares the variable total so it can hold integer. Initialize the variable with the value 0. • Declare Real price = 99.95 • Display “the original price.’ • Input item original price • Display “price” 7. Write a pseudocode statement that assigns the value 27 to the variable count. • Count:=27 8. Write a pseudocode statement that assigns the sum of 10 and 14 to the variable total. • Set total = 10+14 9. Write a psudocode statement that subtracts the variable downPayment from the variable total and assign the results for the variable due. • Set due = total – downPayment 10. Write a psuedocode statement that multiplies the variable subtotal by .15 and assign the result to the variable totalFee. • Declare Int subtotal • Declare Int totalFee • Declare Int taxTotal = .15 • Set totalFee = subtotal * taxTotal Programming Exercise //Declare variables • String itemName • Real subtotal • Real saleTax • Real countryTax • Real saleTax • Real countryTax • Real...
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...* The design is not robust as there are no statements for error handling and handling exceptions. To make this code more robust I would add error handling statements like the user can only enter numbers that are between 0 and 100. Also the user cannot enter any strings like winding and other data types, for other numbers and data types the system will display "invalid input. Please enter a number between 0 and 100." Also notice that it doesn't handle the case of entering 49. You need <= 49, as it is now, when you enter 49 all it will say is "how did u do?" same thing with entering 100 and for anything over 100. * How many levels of nesting are there in this design? There is one level of nesting in the design. * Provide a set of values that will test...
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...* The design is not robust as there are no statements for error handling and handling exceptions. To make this code more robust I would add error handling statements like the user can only enter numbers that are between 0 and 100. Also the user cannot enter any strings like winding and other data types, for other numbers and data types the system will display "invalid input. Please enter a number between 0 and 100." Also notice that it doesn't handle the case of entering 49. You need <= 49, as it is now, when you enter 49 all it will say is "how did u do?" same thing with entering 100 and for anything over 100. * How many levels of nesting are there in this design? There is one level of nesting in the design. * Provide a set of values that will test...
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