...Grace School of Theology NORTH OR SOUTH: Destination and Date of Galatians A Paper Submitted to Gregory P. Sapaugh, Th.M. Ph.D In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of RS-503: Research Methods, Writing, and Technology by William (Brant) Wallace Houston, Texas February 25, 2015 Contents Introduction 1 General Debate 1 Geography of Galatia 2 Diversity and Strategy 2 Advantage for Missional Activities 3 The North 3 Evidence for the Northern Theory 4 History 4 Biblical Reference 4 Character 5 The South 5 Evidence for the Southern Theory 6 Establishment of Churches 6 Inclusion of Galatian Churches 6 Judaizing Controversy 7 The Date 7 Southern Theory 8 Northern Theory 8 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 Introduction The date and destination of the Apostle Epistle to the Galatians is a topic of debate.1 The general debate is framed around when and to whom Paul wrote the letter. The two theories surrounding when and to whom Galatians was written are: (1) The North Galatia Theory; and, (2) The South Galatia Theory.2 In an attempt to address the questions of when and to whom Paul wrote Galatians, this paper will address both theories. General Debate In order to understand the prevailing theories, it is important to understand the positions of the general debate. The general debate is whether the letter was addressed to the churches...
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...Writings of Paul REL-327-DL01 December 7, 2014 Word Count : 3185 Word Count w/outline: 3286 Galatians 3:1-29 Abstract The purpose of this writing is to discuss the book of Galatians Chapter 3 verses 1-29. My goal is to give you the when, what, who, where and why. I will also do some examination of each verse in this chapter. I hope to give further insight to myself and others on this chapter in the bible. A thesis statement and stated approach in the Introduction Paul is writing this letter to the people of Galatia to combat the teachings of the Judaizers. After he came to tell them about God after he left the Juadaizers came in and started to teach them that they had to follow the Jewish laws. Paul felt that they had been led astray and he wanted to get them back on track. Now the where, who and Paul’s occasion for writing. The first where is Galatia located? Galatia is located in Northern Asia Minor. It was originally populated by Celts. It was reorganized into a Province by the Romans after the last Galatian King died. It added other districts to it to make the Province these areas are Isauria, parts of Lycaonia, Palphlagonia, Pisidia, Phrygia and Pontus. Who was Paul writing to? This is up to debate for the people that Paul was writing to. There is a Northern Galatia Theory, Southern Galatia theory. People that favor the Northern Galatia Theory contend this for a couple of reasons. One would be his use of “You foolish Galatians. This refers to words used closer to residents...
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...fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith” (II Timothy 4:7). When it comes to the Race of Life and the Christian Life, I think we have a series of choices. Every morning when we wake up you have a choices. * 1st- We can choose not to run, but if we don’t run we can’t win or we won’t succeed and we are surely not going to honor God. * 2nd- , We can choose to run but not run our best; and if we don’t run your best we are sure to lose and again are we truly going to honor God by doing this? * 3rd- , We can choose to run, meaning run our best, and strive for the prize by focusing on the finish, which is what God has asked of us. That’s exactly what the Apostle Paul wanted us to do in this passage of Scripture. If we are going to run the race and win the race, we are going to have to focus on the finish. The Christian Life is starts by knowing Jesus Christ as our one and only Savior which is which delivers what we are saved from. After making that decision I think we then have to find our purpose and determine what we are saved for. GALATIANS 6:7-10 says, 7 Do not be deceived, God is not mocked; for whatever a man sows, that he will also reap. 8 For he who sows to his flesh will of the flesh reap corruption, but he who sows to the Spirit will of the Spirit reap everlasting life. 9 And let us not grow weary while doing good, for in due season we shall reap if we do not lose heart. 10 Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to all, especially to...
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...important external evidence of Paul’s chronology is the Gallio Inscription which gives us an estimate of when Paul appeared before Gallio in Acts 18:12-17. After Paul’s conversion in Acts 9 Jesus sends him to Damascus to receive his sight back and receive instruction. Acts 9:20 says, immediately he began proclaiming Jesus in the synagogues: “He is the Son of God.” Then it seems that after his conversion he went to Jerusalem three years later, and then again eleven years later. The importance of Paul’s conversion in Galatians 1 signifies that the conversion is the reference point for all dating. Paul began in Damascus proclaiming in the synagogue, Acts 9:19 says …for some days. After which he went to the Nabataean kingdom, possibility to meditate and hammer out his theology. Almost immediately Paul’s life was in danger and many tried to silence Paul either through death or imprisonment, only God managed his escape. Carson speculates that Paul ministered in Tarsus for nearly 10 years before he and Barnabas went to Antioch. He cites 2 Corinthians...
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...Bible in 90 Days | Day | Old Testament | New Testament | 1 | Genesis 1–5; Job 1–6 | Matthew 1–3 | 2 | Genesis 6–10; Job 7–12 | Matthew 4–6 | 3 | Genesis 11–15; Job 13–18 | Matthew 7–9 | 4 | Genesis 16–20; Job 19–24 | Matthew 10–12 | 5 | Genesis 21–25; Job 25–30 | Matthew 13–15 | 6 | Genesis 26–30; Job 31–36 | Matthew 16–18 | 7 | Genesis 31–35; Job 37–42 | Matthew 19–21 | 8 | Genesis 36–40; Psalms 1–6 | Matthew 22–24 | 9 | Genesis 41–45; Psalms 7–12 | Matthew 25–26 | 10 | Genesis 46–50; Psalms 13–18 | Matthew 27–28 | 11 | Exodus 1–5; Psalms 19–24 | Mark 1–3 | 12 | Exodus 6–10; Psalms 25–30 | Mark 4–6 | 13 | Exodus 11–15; Psalms 31–36 | Mark 7–9 | 14 | Exodus 16–20; Psalms 37–42 | Mark 10–12 | 15 | Exodus 21–25; Psalms 43–48 | Mark 13–14 | 16 | Exodus 26–30; Psalms 49–54 | Mark 15–16 | 17 | Exodus 31–35; Psalms 55–60 | Luke 1–3 | 18 | Exodus 36–40; Psalms 61–66 | Luke 4–6 | 19 | Leviticus 1–5; Psalms 67–72 | Luke 7–9 | 20 | Leviticus 6–10; Psalms 73–78 | Luke 10–12 | 21 | Leviticus 11–15; Psalms 79–84 | Luke 13–15 | 22 | Leviticus 16–19; Psalms 85–90 | Luke 16–18 | 23 | Leviticus 20–23; Psalms 91–96 | Luke 19–21 | 24 | Leviticus 24–27; Psalms 97–102 | Luke 22–24 | 25 | Numbers 1–5; Psalms 103–108 | John 1–3 | 26 | Numbers 6–10; Psalms 109–114 | John 4–6 | 27 | Numbers 11–15; Psalms 115–120 | John 7–9 | 28 | Numbers 16–19; Psalms 121–126 | John 10–12 | 29 | Numbers 20–23; Psalms 127–132 | John 13–15 | 30 | Numbers 24–27; Psalms...
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...Paul the Apostle (Greek: Παῦλος Paulos; c. 5 – c. 67), original name Saul of Tarsus (Greek: Σαῦλος Ταρσεύς Saulos Tarseus), was an apostle (though not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world. He is generally considered one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age. In the mid-30s to the mid-50s, he founded several churches in Asia Minor and Europe. Paul used his status as both a Jew and aRoman citizen to advantage in his ministry to both Jewish and Roman audiences. Fourteen of the twenty-seven books in the New Testament have traditionally been attributed to Paul, and approximately half of the Acts of the Apostlesdeals with Paul's life and works. Seven of the epistles are undisputed by scholars as being authentic, with varying degrees of argument about the remainder. The Pauline authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews, already doubted in the 2nd and 3rd centuries but almost unquestioningly accepted from the 5th to the 16th centuries, is now almost universally rejected by scholars. The other six are believed by some scholars to have come from followers writing in his name, using material from Paul's surviving letters and letters written by him that no longer survive. Other scholars argue that the idea of a pseudonymous author for the disputed epistles raises many problems. Today, his epistles continue to be vital roots of the theology, worship, and pastoral life in the Roman and Protestant traditions of the West, as well...
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...Period Day Dates 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 Day 11 Day 12 Day 13 Day 14 Day 15 Day 16 Day 17 Day 18 Day 19 Day 20 Day 21 Day 22 Day 23 Day 24 Day 25 Day 26 Day 27 Day 28 Day 29 Day 30 Day 31 Day 32 Day 33 Day 34 Day 35 Day 36 Day 37 Day 38 Day 39 Day 40 Day 41 Day 42 Day 43 Day 44 Day 45 Day 46 Day 47 Day 48 Day 49 6-Jan 7-Jan 8-Jan 9-Jan 10-Jan 11-Jan 12-Jan 13-Jan 14-Jan 15-Jan 16-Jan 17-Jan 18-Jan 19-Jan 20-Jan 21-Jan 22-Jan 23-Jan 24-Jan 25-Jan 26-Jan 27-Jan 28-Jan 29-Jan 30-Jan 31-Jan 1-Feb 2-Feb 3-Feb 4-Feb 5-Feb 6-Feb 7-Feb 8-Feb 9-Feb 10-Feb 11-Feb 12-Feb 13-Feb 14-Feb 15-Feb 16-Feb 17-Feb 18-Feb 19-Feb 20-Feb 21-Feb 22-Feb 23-Feb 24-Feb 25-Feb 26-Feb 27-Feb 28-Feb Weeks Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 SCHAUMBURG COMMUNITY CHURCH THROUGH THE BIBLE IN ONE YEAR Passages 1st Passage 2nd Passage (Old Testament) (New Testament) Genesis 1:1-2:25 Luke 5:27-39 Genesis 3-5 Luke 6:1-26 Genesis 6:1-7:24 Luke 6:27-49 Genesis 8-10 Luke 7:1-17 Genesis 11 Luke 7:18-5 Genesis 12 Luke 8:1-25 Genesis 13:1-14:24 Luke 8:26-56 Genesis 15 Luke 9:1-27 Genesis 16 Luke 9:28-62 Genesis 17 Luke 10:1-20 Genesis 18 Luke 10:21-42 Genesis 19 Luke 11:1-28 Genesis 20 Luke 11:29-54 Genesis 21 Luke 12:1-31 Genesis 22 Luke 12:32-59 Genesis 23 Luke 13:1-17 Genesis 24 Luke...
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...significant person or school of thought other than Jesus encouraged Christians to stay true to the Lord? Human nature is to repel authoritative powers, which compels us to disregard the Lord. In order to stay true to the Lord, we are invited to have a personal relationship with him where we are to fight our fleshly desires (Galatians 5:17) that cause us to rebel. Paul known as the greatest commissioner, understood human defyance and dedicated his life to encouraging Christians to remain strong in their faith and therefore to a great extent uplifted Christians. The bible has created a guideline to protect a Christian’s life from falling away from the relationship with the father. In order to remain true to the Lord, temptations are asked to be ignored....
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...a woman the iniquities of a man" (Ecclus. 42:13). Indeed, men were often viewed as intrinsically better than women, for "better is the iniquity of a man than a woman doing a good turn" (Ecclus. 42:14).[4] In view of this low status of women, it is not surprising that they enjoyed few legal rights in Jewish society. Women were not even allowed to give evidence in a court of law. Moreover, according to the rabbinic school that followed Rabbi Hillel, a man could legally divorce his wife if she burned his dinner. It was in this oppressive context that Christianity was born. Many people - both men and women - have hailed Jesus as a feminist because of His elevation of women in a male-chauvinist society. Moreover, Paul's statement in Galatians 3:28 - "There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus" (NIV) - has been called "the Magna Carta of humanity."[5] Because of the Christian's standing in Christ, it is argued, the subordination of women that was (allegedly) caused by the Fall (Gen. 3) has been replaced with total equality of the sexes in Christ. Any apparent...
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...man opposes the argument is at least neither vulgar nor unsuitable to the character of a Jew. (Contra Celsum 4:52)[2] Origen's lukewarm defence of the text, his mention of the vigorous reply of Papiscus, and the Dialogue's use by Celsus, may explain the subsequent non-survival of the text. The loss of the document removes a potentially significant record of a 2nd-century Jewish Christian's arguments before later theological developments in the Christian church. Jerome mentions the Dialogue twice. In Commentary on Galatians, in connection with he who is hanged on a tree is accursed of God (Commentary on Galatians, 2.3.13) and the Dialogue mis-citing Genesis 1:1 as "In the Son," (instead of "In the Beginning"), "God created the heaven and the earth." (Questions in Genesis, 2.507). "I Remember in the Dispute between Jason and Papiscus, which is composed in Greek, to have found it written: `The execration of God is he that is hanged.'" (Commentary on Galatians 3:13) "In the beginning...
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...received of the Lord (Acts 20:24). Shortly before his death, he could give this testimony: “I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith” (2 Timothy 4:7). Notice, he had finished his course. Each of you needs to consider two very important truths. 1) God has a course for you. 2) God wants you to finish your course. How wonderful to realize that God has a specific plan for our life and that He will help us find and complete that plan. Yet, most Christians do not finish their course. They hardly even try. Our passage in Luke 14:28-30 speaks of one who intends to build a tower. Building this tower is like running your race and finishing your course. Yet, there are many pitfalls. The tower may never get built. By looking at the necessary ingredients for building this tower, we can see why so many people fail. Here are five reasons Christians fail to finish their course. I. NO PURPOSE (Luke 14:28); Nothing can begin until someone is at least “intending to build” a tower. Intent points to a purpose; a desire to accomplish. First, you must have this purpose. A. This Purpose Must Be For God – Not For Self (Proverbs 23:4-5 ;Jeremiah 45:5; Luke 22:24-26) B. This Purpose Must Be From God (Acts 9:6;Colossians 1:1, 9) 1. Purpose follows salvation (Ephesians 2:8-10) 2. 2. Caleb wanted his mountain (Joshua 14:12) I. NO PLAN (Luke 14:28); The man who intends to build must now be the one who “counteth the cost.” He surveys the situation;...
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...commonalities between themes in Luke and Acts of the Apostles. 2. Which disciple is chosen to replace Judas Iscariot? 3. Know the significance of the following numbers: 12, 40, and 50. 4. Why is the Pentecost significant in Judaism and Christianity? 5. Identify the three internal conflicts encountered during the spread of the early Christian church. Be able to use their key question and central concerns to identify them in a given scenario. 6. Identify the three external conflicts encountered during the spread of the early Christian church. Be able to use their key question and central concerns to identify them in a given scenario. 7. Who is the undisputed author of the Epistle to the Galatians? 8. What is the significance of temporal (worldly) law in the Epistle to the Galatians? 9. Who does the Epistle to Diognetus state is “…not distinguished from the rest of (hu)mankind either in locality, in speech, or in customs” in 5:1? 10. Who does the Epistle to Diognetus imply is known for casting out their...
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... | (Matthew 14) | |θ Fri April |19 |Healing a Blind Man |(John 9) | |θ Sat April |20 |Reconciling | | Jesus: Teaching |θ Mon April |22 |Sermon on the Mount Pt 1 |(Matthew 5) | |θ Tue April |23 |Sermon on the Mount Pt 2 |(Matthew 6 & 7) | |θ Wed April |24 |Parables |(Luke 8:115 & 10:2537) | |θ Thu April |25 |Lost and Found |(Luke 15) | |θ Fri April |26 |Jesus’ Claims...
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...World View By Origins The secular humanists believe that the entire universe and life were just something that happened and it was like a coincidence. Their beliefs are that 4.5 years ago this world was created by a bunch of chemicals that were combined to make a single celled life that over billions of years mutated itself into the world as we see it today. Identity To the secularist, we are no greater than an advanced animal, but no greater than the animal kingdom (Weider & Gutierrez, 2011, p. 57), or a bunch of cells and atoms. Meaning/ Purpose I would say that what the Secularist is looking for, would be seeking out as much happiness as the can. I’m sure that there are a lot of people that would have an idea of what their happiness would look like. Some look to any love they can find, some might try out drugs, and some gambling . When these people do not believe in God, that happiness can lead to extremes. Their lives would be considered either cheap or if taken to over to the other side of it, they would consider life as precious and humans are no more value than other animals (Weider & Gutierrez, 2011, p. 57). Morality The International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU) bylaws say that humanists want to build “a more humane society through an ethics based on human and other natural values…”and they reject “supernatural views of reality” (IHEU,2009). “You can’t make an omelet without breaking a few eggs.” (Commonly attributed...
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...Worldview Assignment I. Part One: What is a worldview? A worldview is an individual person’s view of the world from their very own perspective. An individual’s worldview is based on many factors and some of them can include, how the person was raised, their religion, where they live, and the beliefs of their parents. Worldviews throughout the world are as varied as there are different personalities. II. Part Two: 1. When it comes to the Christian worldview, what is believed about the answer to the question of origin, is in the Bible in the book of Genesis. The Christian worldview about the origin of man is that God created man from the dust on the ground and he breathed life into him, this is according to Genesis 2:7. There is one answer to the question of the origin of man in the worldview of the Christian. There is another part of this question that also addresses the question of the origin of the universe in the Christian worldview. In Genesis 1:1 it is stated simply that God created the heavens and the earth in the beginning. In the Christian worldview that in fact means that God simply created the universe out of his thought and with his infinite knowledge and power. The fact that God created the universe out of nothing, lends credence to the “Big Bang” theory in the world of science. Every year scientists, astrophysicists and astronomers come closer and closer to proving the “Big Bang” theory as fact through their experiments and observations. ...
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