...Health Psychology & the psychology of Gender - Gender makes a difference in the kinds of illness that people experience - Gender makes a difference in the way a disease is diagnosed and treated - Illness is an important part of many women’s experience The health care and health status of women - Biases against women - Women have often been neglected in medicine and in medical research - Gender stereotypes are common in medicine - Medical care provided to women is often irresponsible or inadequate - Physician-patient communication patterns often make women feel relatively powerless Intersectionality and women’s health - Ethnicity - Social Class - Country The Health Care and Health Status of Women - Gender Comparisons in Life Expectancy - Mortality - Gender gap in life expectancy - Why do women live longer? - biological factors - social factors - health care - Gender Comparisons in Overall Health - Morbidity - Longevity - Rape & Abuse - Economic factors - How social class influences US women’s health - Morbidity & Mortality - Quality of Health Care - Health Insurance - Environmental Factors - Poverty - Psychological Factors - Health issues for women in developing countries - Women & girls less likely to receive medical care - Inadequate nutrition and health care (dying during pregnancy of childbirth) - Cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and other specific health problems - Cardiovascular disease ...
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...The American Dream is that you are able to live as equals and become successful with hard work. Everyone has different dreams and goals to accomplish because there is a future. Back then, people who immigrated into the United States dreamt for a better life, opportunities, education, etc. The American Dream is lost when you give up hope for the future. There is an American Dream because there is a future and a goal you strive and set for yourself. An American is to be free and proud that you live in the United States of America. What we have in common is that we do not wish for our families to suffer, however in order to change that we must work and ensure that the children surpass our generation. Langston Hughes wrote in Mother to Son to don’t...
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...helps to eliminate biases, prejudice, and stereotypes it also helps cultures and different races to come together as one to make a better environment for everyone. Characteristics of cultural diversity consist of background, gender, appearances, culture, and a host of many others. Appreciation of diversity is important in communication for several reasons. First one cannot put two people together and expect them to act the same way. Differences can bring many assets to a group such as ideas, experiences and different ways of handling things. In a group of different cultures where communication is most likely to happen, the diversity range will further. I describe my cultural background to be very helpful in defining who I am. I am African American descent. Both my parents are African Americans. I cherish the traditions that my family has passed down from generation to generation. I am thankful for my cultural background seeing that it made me who I am today. My values affect the way that I communicate with others because I was raised to respect others and acknowledge them no matter what they look, talk, or act like. I admire communicating with people outside of my race because they often bring differences to the conversation such as accents, history, and experiences from their culture. I was taught to value trust, respect and support so this causes me to communicate with others in a polite and respectful manner. These values also allow my communicator to be open and trustworthy...
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...A Midwife’s Tale The American Revolution affected the lives of many people, including those living ordinary lives on the Maine frontier. Martha Ballard was a midwife during the years following the American Revolution. Through studying Martha Ballard’s recorded thoughts on life and her surroundings, she provides a description of the daily life of those living on the Maine frontier during this time. Citizens during this time period were greatly influenced by their jobs, concerns, religion, gender differences, customs, and changes after the American Revolution. Living in Maine after the American Revolution brought frontier land disputes, troubles in connecting with the outside world, and declines in deference. According to Martha Ballard’s...
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...Children learn from their parents and society the conception of "feminine" and "masculine." Much about these conceptions is not biological at all but cultural. The way we tend to think about men and women and their gender roles in society constitute the prevailing paradigm that influences out thinking. Riane Eisler points out that the prevailing paradigm makes it difficult for us to analyze properly the roles of men and women in prehistory "we have a cultural bias that we bring to the effort and that colors our decision-making processes." Sexism is the result of that bias imposed by our process of acculturation.Gender roles in Western societies have been changing rapidly in recent years, with the changes created both by evolutionary changes in society, including economic shifts which have altered the way people work and indeed which people work as more and more women enter the workforce, and by perhaps pressure brought to make changes because of the perception that the traditional social structure was inequitable. Gender relations are a part of the socialization process, the initiation given the young by society, teaching them certain values and creating in them certain behavior patterns acceptable to their social roles. These roles have been in a state of flux in American society in recent years, and men and women today can be seen as having expanded their roles in society, with women entering formerly male dominions and men finding new ways to relate to and function in the family...
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...Cultural Differences Christina Bacon Psych/535 March 16, 2015 Cindy Ojeda Cultural Differences There are different cultures that come into people’s lives and into the United States every day. Different cultures is what makes the world an interesting place to live, whether it be a person’s gender identity or their cultural identity, people tend to judge others on their gender and their cultural identity. This essay will discuss the multicultural concepts on both gender identity and cultural identity and will talk about understanding the cultural differences. Gender identity Dictionary.com (2015) defines gender identity as an inner sense of a person and whether or not they are male or female. This identity usually happens during early childhood and as a result of how the child’s parents raise them and the social influences that happen during puberty by the changes in hormones. When children reach their teen years they start to feel differently about themselves, teens ask themselves if they were actually supposed to be female instead of male and vice versa, and when others hear about it then that is where the differences come from. In the transgender culture they are accepted because other teens and young adults like them have gone through the same things, but in other cultures they are looked down on. In our culture we are called transgender or homosexual or heterosexual, etc. but in the world of the Native American they are called two-spirits. According to Jacobs...
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...contribution to American history. However, many people remain opposed to the idea of multiculturalism, or cultural diversity awareness, while others often support it and yet have no clear idea of how it should be taught. The diversity of the United States is truly astounding, as many different ethnic and racial groups have contributed to the social, economic and cultural values of our society. This has certainly been true throughout our history, even though many of our school books have not always taught that fact. In fact, the very idea that cultural diversity should be taught has only been promoted in the last few years. The bottom line is that when we fully recognize that America is great because of the contributions of the many, we as a people will be even more united in our common goals, and even more proud to be American citizens. When it comes to the dimension of cultural diversity, it can be identified with four main types of minority groups which help describe many of the dimensions of cultural diversity. The first group, racial, is based on physical differences that are obvious to the observer such as skin color, hair color or facial features. Ethnic groups are those based on a person’s origin or cultural patterns. The third group, religious, differentiates individuals based on their association with a certain religion and the fourth group is based on a person’s gender. Other dimensions of diversity include a person’s age, sexual orientation, health status and gender. Although...
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...primarily focused on racism, but there were also moments where gender inequality was factored in. I talked about how male students were referred to as a “boy” or a “fool”. Elliott also came up with words for female students: honey, baby, doll face, gal, and more. While there were only two words for male students, there were so many more for female students. There are fewer words to describe male because they have historically been the dominant gender of the two and they were not as oppressed as were women. Furthermore, there was a clip in which violence against women were perceived with normality. When a blue-eyes female and a brown-eyes male students were called in front of the class by Elliott, Elliott talks about whether gender is important to each of them. The girl answers no, and Elliott presses with questions like, “Are you as powerful as he is?”, “Are you as strong as he is?”, “Does that make a difference in how you have to behave?”, “Can he go to places safely and securely that you probably can’t because of his gender?”. These questions were not posed to Elliott to make a point about...
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...History of Policy The latest results are from Gallup's annual Crime survey, conducted Oct. 7-10, 2010. According to the trend, the highest level of public fear about being victimized when walking alone at night was recorded in 1982. At that time, nearly half of adults, 48%, said they were afraid, while 52% were not afraid. Fear stayed fairly high through 1993, registering above 40%, but then descended to 30% by 2001. It has since increased slightly, although it has not returned to the record-high levels. This trend in Americans' perceptions of their personal safety contrasts with federal crime statistics showing a sharp, steady decline in the rate of violent crime (including murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault) over the past 16 years. After two decades when violent crime registered at or near 50 victims per 1,000 population, crime plummeted during the 1990s and 2000s, and is now at its lowest level in recent history. Fear Varies by Gender, Income Americans' fear of crime victimization relates strongly to two distinct factors: household income and gender. Adults living in low-income households are roughly twice as likely as those living in high-income households to be afraid, 48% vs. 23%. Women are more than twice as likely as men to say they are afraid to walk alone at night near their home, 50% vs. 22%. This 28-point gender gap conforms to what Gallup found on this issue globally in 2009 with a different question asked in 105 countries...
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...represent the belief that men are superior to women and feminists will create change so women can be fully recognized and respected (Dobie 97). One of the earliest and most influential accounts of Feminism is the American Feminism. The American Feminist criticism, Fun Home by Alison Bechdel, argues that women have been stereotyped through literature, text, and images. Historically, feminist movements have been divided into three waves. In the nineteenth century, the first wave’s focus was on politics of women. For example, the right to vote (“History and Theory” par.6).According to first wave feminist, Simon De Beauvoir, she believes “Women are not born inferior, but made to be so” (Dobie 100). The second wave in the 20th century, focused on “liberation which were legal and social rights for women”(History and Theory” par. 6). Feminists in this wave, Virginia Woolf critiques the absence of women within literary work throughout history and emphasize that gender is shaped by society. (Dobie 101). The last wave, which is still occurring today, overlaps with the second wave and it is a continuation of the failures within the second wave. Each theorist have different perspectives that lead them into different groups according to their belief and ideas; the major ones being American, French, and British Feminists (Haslanger par. 2.1). Specifically in the western mentality, the premise of patriarchy has been embedded into society’s brain, this idea that everything is controlled by men (Dobie...
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...our generation. The word gender is a society concept of how men and women are expected to act and behave. In American culture males are most likely to be observed as masculine role with strength and females to a way where they are associated with passivity, subordination and nurturing. In today’s modern society is easy to outfit an infant boy with blue and a girl with pink. It is amazing to realize that is not always been this way, but until the beginnings of the 20th century, “boys were more associates with pink and girls with blue illustrating how socially constructed these associations rally are”. Some major agents of gender socialization...
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...1. American women’s history has been on a rollercoaster ride since 1877. While American women’s history has experienced numerous themes or ideas, two that have been consistent throughout history is that of women’s rights, which encompasses the second theme of gender roles. From the beginning of this course, we have studied and read about gender and the roles that society believes the different sexes to be responsible for. Since the beginning, women were not granted or afforded a life independent from their spouse or significant other. They were considered property of their spouse, allowing them to do with as they please. Women were seen as inferior to men and were denied the same luxuries as men. Societal beliefs were that a woman’s role was as the homemaker. She was responsible for taking care of the home and children and keeping things in order for her spouse, who was the party responsible for financially caring for the family. It was thought that if women were afforded male luxuries, such as voting, gender roles in the home would change, something that males did not want to see happen. When the National American Women’s Suffrage Association formed in the 1890s, women lacked many of the rights that men had and were fighting to obtain voting rights equal to that of men. These rights would be the first step in gaining equality for women. This was the beginning of what would pave the way for the great women’s movement and what we know as the Equal Rights Amendment today. Gender...
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...Dartmouth College states elite colleges are deceitful and not focused on giving students a proper education. According to Elizabeth M. Lee, professor, and author at Hamilton college, elite institutions are, “Private, selective, or highly selective colleges and universities that have high costs of attendance and typically lengthy histories serving predominantly upper...
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...Brianne Foster ENGL 279 Dr. Aiping Zhang Term Paper Proposal The topic I’d like to explore for my term paper is the heavy gender role/ stereotypes placed on women throughout different cultures and times. I want to bring to light the moments in which women were oppressed in all aspects of their life. I am interested in this topic because I am a woman myself and although I haven’t had to deal with all the trials and tribulations as the women of these times, this is still my history. Women have always been oppressed into a stereotype, even in today’s society there are still certain stigmas on the female gender. This issue is discussed and expressed in all forms of today’s media, education, policies and so on. Many perspectives on this issue bring forth feminism acts and organizations with goals aimed towards equal rights for men and women. Without these struggles I don’t know where I’d be in today’s society. The two texts that I have selected to write my comparison on are The Awakening by Kate Chopin and Daisy Miller by Henry James to which I’ll be able to compare the bias and misery between each woman’s struggles. The questions that my research will cover will expand on the ideals and basis of the female gender role throughout history and the main concepts as to why they are placed in those realms. Within my preliminary research I have found the repetitive oppression of the women spirit and freedom. In my paper I will present my two literature selections as support for...
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...Brandon School & Society 8 December 2014 Race And Gender Discrimination The issue of discrimination has been the cause of raging debates for a long time in the history of the United States. Such discrimination may be based on race, gender color, ethnicity, or any other basis that distinguishes people and tends to favor specific groups over others. During the history of America, the American people have observed discrimination on many fronts and especially so against black people and the minority. The concepts of race, gender, and class have had a tremendous effect on children’s experiences through the American education system. Different children and people have different life experiences as well as different backgrounds. As such, one cannot wish away these elements of race gender and class in an education system that has real people from real societies. As such, a society can only hope to find ways of reducing the distinctions and the discrimination associated with those elements in the schools. The discussion in this paper will analyze the modern forms of racial and sexual discrimination, which affects access and treatment of students in schools. It will propose an argument for ways of creating racial and gender equality in schools in the United States. Equality of education in American schools refers to the provision of similar opportunities, expectations, and support in education for people from both gender as well as for people from different backgrounds (DeMarrais...
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