...getting discriminated because who they are. After all, people who have gender identity come from all different lifestyles. They are mothers, fathers, brothers, sisters, sons, daughters. They can range from all ages and backgrounds. In light of who they are, gender identity is a person’s perception of having a particular gender, which may or may not correspond with their birth sex and can also be know as part of the LGBT community. Many people are discriminated against because of their gender identity when it doesn’t always agree with thier with their birth sex. Gender identity discrimination has a long history of misunderstandings. There are many issues in this country discriminating against people with gender identity. There are anti-LGBT people creating violence towards LGBT community, employment discrimination, and restroom issues. Until the 1950’s anything to do with anyone who was LGBT was considered objectionable (“National”). This continues to be a problem because people are still not accepting and were discriminating against LGBT because people with gender identity were out of the norm....
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...The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States in which freedom includes the promise of prosperity and success. In the definition of the American Dream by James Truslow Adams in 1931, "life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement" regardless of social class or circumstances of birth. The idea of the American Dream is rooted in the United States Declaration of Independence, which proclaims that "all men are created equal" and that they are "endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights" including "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”. Yet, it is still legal in 29 states to be fired for just being gay. In 33 of the 50 states of the United States of America, one can be fired for being transgendered. These states do not have legal protections for members of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Community (Solmonese, 2009). So does the “American Dream” only apply to “first class citizens”? This paper explores if the Employee Non Discrimination Act (ENDA) would protect employment decisions, which should be based upon a person's qualifications and job performance, not sexual orientation or gender identity (Solmonese, 2009). For over 50 years when there has been a case of an American being denied employment or promotions for reasons that were unrelated to their skills in the workplace, Congress responded by passing laws which were aimed at designing a system...
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...978-92-64-04632-0 OECD Employment Outlook © OECD 2008 Chapter 3 The Price of Prejudice: Labour Market Discrimination on the Grounds of Gender and Ethnicity Despite some progress, there is still evidence of discrimination on the grounds of gender and ethnic or racial origins in OECD labour markets. Field experiments show pervasive ethnic discrimination in many countries. Indirect evidence shows that on average at least 8% of the gender employment gap and a larger proportion of the gender wage gap can be attributed to discrimination. Virtually all OECD countries have enacted anti-discrimination laws in recent decades, and evaluations as well as cross-country analysis suggest that, if well-designed, these laws can be effective in reducing disparities in labour market outcomes. However, enforcement of antidiscrimination legislation is essentially based on victims’ willingness to claim their rights. Thus, public awareness of legal rules and their expected consequences (notably, victims’ costs and benefits of lodging complaints) is a crucial element of an effective policy strategy to establish a culture of equal treatment. Moreover, legal rules are likely to have more impact if the enforcement is not exclusively dependent on individuals. In this respect, specific agencies may play a key role. 139 3. THE PRICE OF PREJUDICE: LABOUR MARKET DISCRIMINATION ON THE GROUNDS OF GENDER AND ETHNICITY Introduction Employment outcomes are far from being evenly distributed among the various...
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...Brandon School & Society 8 December 2014 Race And Gender Discrimination The issue of discrimination has been the cause of raging debates for a long time in the history of the United States. Such discrimination may be based on race, gender color, ethnicity, or any other basis that distinguishes people and tends to favor specific groups over others. During the history of America, the American people have observed discrimination on many fronts and especially so against black people and the minority. The concepts of race, gender, and class have had a tremendous effect on children’s experiences through the American education system. Different children and people have different life experiences as well as different backgrounds. As such, one cannot wish away these elements of race gender and class in an education system that has real people from real societies. As such, a society can only hope to find ways of reducing the distinctions and the discrimination associated with those elements in the schools. The discussion in this paper will analyze the modern forms of racial and sexual discrimination, which affects access and treatment of students in schools. It will propose an argument for ways of creating racial and gender equality in schools in the United States. Equality of education in American schools refers to the provision of similar opportunities, expectations, and support in education for people from both gender as well as for people from different backgrounds (DeMarrais...
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...Gender Inequality in the Workplace Christian Johnstone DeVry University Gender Inequality in the Workplace A woman, who had spent 23 years working her way up the ranks at a Vermont plastics company, sued the company for wage discrimination. The woman began her career as a secretary at the company and eventually made her way to high-level management. The company hired a male to replace her position when she retired, offering him a starting pay of $10,000 more a year to do the same job she had been doing. The male replacement ended up not working out, so the company asked the woman to return to her previous position. However, the company still didn’t offer her the same salary that they had offered her male replacement. (Lister, n.d.) Examples that are similar to, and far worse than the one mentioned, continue to persist in this country. Women continue to be blatantly discriminated against, and held back from deserved promotions while their male counterparts rise through the ranks in corporate America. Women have made great strides in the last few decades toward gaining workplace equality. However, in a continued effort toward moving forward, there needs to be a promotion of empowerment for women and giving them the autonomy needed to manage their own lives. The reality though, is that the phenomenon referred to as the glass ceiling does exist. “The ‘glass ceiling’ can be described as an ‘invisible, but impenetrable barrier which prevents women from reaching senior positions...
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...Though gender discrimination and sexism refers to beliefs and attitudes in relation to the gender of a person, such beliefs and attitudes are of a social nature and do not, normally, carry any legal consequences. Sex discrimination, on the other hand, may have legal consequences. Though what constitutes sex discrimination varies between countries, the essence is that it is an adverse action taken by one person against another person that would not have occurred had the person been of another sex. Discrimination of that nature in certain enumerated circumstances is illegal in many countries. Currently, discrimination based on sex is defined as adverse action against another person, which would not have occurred had the person been of another sex. This is considered a form of prejudice and is illegal in certain enumerated circumstances in most countries. Sexual discrimination can arise in different contexts. For instance an employee may be discriminated against by being asked discriminatory questions during a job interview, or because an employer did not hire, promote or wrongfully terminated an employee based on their gender, or employers pay unequally based on gender. In an educational setting there could be claims that a student was excluded from an educational institution, program, opportunity, loan, student group, or scholarship due to their gender. In the housing setting there could be claims that a person was refused negotiations on seeking a house, contracting/leasing...
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...striving for gender equality in the workplace. Since then, there have been several laws that have been passed to project and protect gender equality. One of these laws is the Employment Non-Discrimination Act, and this law prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Although these laws are enacted, many places of employment do not implement these laws. Because of this, gender equality in the workforce has been very delayed, and women are still struggling for equality. The feminist movement has been ongoing for several decades, and although the movement has made tremendous strides towards total gender equality in the workplace, there are some barriers that will never be overcome such as salary differences, gender stereotypes, and anatomical differences. What is Discrimination, and how does it affect women in the workplace? The legislation defines discrimination as treating one person in a less favorable way than another person (“overview…”). In the workplace discrimination is evident in all areas of work. Discrimination can range from unequal pay to sexual harassment. More specifically discrimination can be based off of 9 grounds: gender, civil status, family status, sexual orientation, religion, age, disability, race, and membership of the traveler community (“overview…”). Women in particular often experience this discrimination when trying to obtain a job. Many employers look over women and instead hire men. According to Branigan, discrimination does...
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...of diversity in the United States along with the various proportions of diversity. I researched on my own cultural identity and ways in how it may affect the relationships I have with others. I have a better understanding on the effects of discrimination and prejudice in society throughout history; based on an individual or a group regarding their culture, race, gender, religion, sexual orientation or age as well as the effects still occurring in society today. Learning what diversity is and the many dimensions of diversity such as a person’s gender, religious beliefs, race, ethnicity, and many more groups has made me realize how diversity has shaped society in the United States. I grew up learning that although a person may look or act a little differently to treat them just like anyone else with the respect like I would want to be treated. The information learned on other cultures, and their values, beliefs, morals of other groups has fascinated me as well as the history of prejudice and discrimination these different groups has had to deal with. Learning my family history was very interesting as I never really thought much about how my family came to settle in a small town in Wisconsin. By the history giving by my parents and grandparents I learned that the small town I grew up in is basically where a small group of Germans settled in when they came over to the United States. My grandfather’s great- grandfather came over to the United States from Germany and opened...
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...have foot holds in several different amendments, specifically the First, Fifth, and Fourteenth for gender discrimination, and for freedom of expression the First mainly. The following cases are cases which I think represent the evolution of gender discrimination and freedom of expression best. The first case is Frontiero Vs. Richardson (1973) this case is a good example of gender discrimination. The gender which is being discriminated against is the female gender. Sharron Frontiero is a lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force. She filed for a dependent s allowance for her husband. The dependent s allowance was denied. According to Federal Law the wives of military members are provided with this allowance automatically, yet husbands of military members are not given the allowance unless there wives income provides for over one half of their support. According to Frontiero not allowing her husband or any other husbands to have dependency, by not allowing this they were unconstitutionally discriminating against female military members which violated the fifth amendment s due process clause. Frontiero, won the case . The court found that yes, it violated the due process clause, which said dissimilar treatment for men and woman who are similarly situated. The second case is Michael M. Vs. Supreme Court of Somona County (1981) This is also a good example of gender discrimination. The gender being discriminated against male. Seventeen and and a half year old Michael M. was charged and found...
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...sorts of discrimination against anyone based on race, gender, and religion, and included desegregation of public schools. The term "affirmative action" was first used in the United States in "Executive Order” signed by President John F. Kennedy in 1961, which included a provision that government contractors "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, colour, or national origin.” In the United States, affirmative action has been the subject of numerous court cases. In Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), the Supreme Court permitted educational institutions to consider race as a factor when admitting students. In other countries, such as the United Kingdom, affirmative action is rendered illegal because it does not treat all races equally. This approach to equal treatment is described as being "colour blind." In 1995 after the case of Adarand Constructors v.Pena, Justice Thomas stated that “the constitution, federal and state laws should all be coloured blind”. Meaning these areas should treat every individual equally, removing the previous barriers that may have been present. The original idea of Affirmative action was to reduce discrimination. Ensuring that all people of any race, gender or religious affiliation are protected under the 14th amendment is a key issue. It can be argued the policy programme of affirmative action is reverse discrimination. The past discrimination against...
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...some states. They are being judged as bad candidates because of their sexual orientation. Transgender parents battle for custody of their children on the terms that their transition will negatively affect the kids. According to Salek (2013), Since custody agreements try to satisfy the "best interest of the child," the transgender parent is often placed in a bad light because of their transition. Some states refuse to recognize same-sex parents with a legal parent-child relationship. American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit against the Utah State Office of Vital Records for denying a partner...
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...Discrimination One of the challenges and issues in our work place is discrimination and it is impossible to prevent or correct discrimination without information about it. Therefore, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission “EEOC “created a Manual that clearly addresses the importance of policy and procedures in case of discrimination. Based on the Commission's guide, employers are required to prevent and correct discrimination through legislation and efficient enforcement mechanisms in the work place. Discrimination has many faces but, one of the forms of discrimination which we need to have a firm understanding is refusal of standard rights to persons because of race, nationality, age and sex. Race It is against the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that an employer reject to accept an application or refuse hire, promotion, compensation, job training or any other employment privileges because of an employee’s race or color. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) reports that it received 100,000 job bias charges during fiscal year 2012. Also, the EEOC has observed The number of people who filed race discrimination claims (33,512) increased in 2012 (Dipboye & Collela,2005).The EEOC indicated that in 2012, discrimination for certain racial minorities showed a deep impact in the current down turn of world of work. For example, in the United States, the unemployment rate remains almost twice as high for African-Americans relative...
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...I. Introduction Although the federal government enacted laws to eliminate gender discrimination in the workplace, it remains an issue on several levels. Specifically, women find themselves the victims of discrimination simply because of their gender. Although there are anti-discrimination laws in place, many employers still find ways around them. Currently, the courts simply award monetary compensation to those women who sue current or former employers. However, businesses found guilty of committing the crime of gender discrimination must endure stricter operating sanctions. The author was witness to the unethical and illegal treatment of a former elderly female employee whose work ethic was exemplary. The former employee (Shelly) received constant positive feedback from clients, students, and peers. She was employee of the year for three consecutive years because of her innate ability to settle disputes amicably. Shortly after her promotion to Assistant Director, the department hired a new instructor who was also an alumnus. He made it very clear that he disagreed with Shelly’s methods and relationship with the students and clinical coordinators. Overtime he demonstrated his ability to build a rapport with the coordinators and other program official; he was very ambitious. His relationship with Shelly bordered aggression and antagonism, but she remained professional and focused. However, when the coordinators began complaining about her performance to the Director...
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...Although the Equal Rights Amendment itself has never been ratified by the states, it is far from the only legislation on the topic. A variety of other amendments, Supreme Court decisions, and laws work to establish and protect equal rights under the law. Many of these protect rights specifically on the basis of race, but many also include discrimination on the basis of sex, which is what the ERA aimed to do. The first of these acts dates back to July of 1868, when the 14th Amendment was ratified following the Civil War, and was the first piece of legislation that would provide equal rights under the law. It guaranteed that “no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States;...
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...Discrimination in the Workplace Joshua Najar Alejandro Komiyama Liria Nilzandra *out of country* Texas Tech University Sociology 1301, Section 004 November 7, 2015 The United States likes to believe that everyone living in it is equal to one another. Unfortunately, even in today’s world discrimination is still prevalent in our society. James Henslin, author of the book “Essentials of Sociology” defines discrimination as “an act of unfair treatment directed against an individual or a group” (G-2). One specific place in our society that still has discrimination is the workplace. A workplace can be described as “a place where people work, such as an office or factory” (Dictionary.com 2015). A company’s workplace can discriminate against a person’s race, ethnicity, gender, age, and religion. These discriminations will affect the person’s salary, work conditions, and determine if they get hired or not. Throughout time the United States has made several laws to protect certain groups against discrimination in the workplace. These laws have tremendously helped those groups however, they are still illegally discriminated against. There are numerous ways to analyze why there is discrimination in the workplace but we will be using the three sociologic perspectives. The three sociologic perspectives that we will use to analyze this topic will be the Structural Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and Symbolic Interaction. The Structural Functionalist Analysis will focus on how discrimination...
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