...Running head: WOMEN IN THE MILITARY Women in the Military: Controversy of Direct Combat Strayer University Women in the Military: Controversy of Direct Combat Section I: Introduction Women have been in the military, or associated with combat for decades. “The most famous example of the ability of a woman to not only be involved in combat but to lead forces is that of Joan of Arc's legendary battles leading the French army when she was just a teenager.”(Gerber 1) Women have been involved in espionage and even posed as male soldiers during the Civil War. Conflicts such as, WWI, WWII, Panama, and as recent as our current wars in Iraq and Afghanistan women have served with distinction in many ways. In our most recent conflict, over 100 military women have given the ultimate sacrifice. Today with changes in our society and the global environment in which we live two controversial arguments arise concerning women in combat. Basically the debate whether or not women should be allowed to participate in direct combat or not. As our society and cultural beliefs change so does what we except as social norms. Both sides of this argument bring many reasons for and against allowing women to participate in direct combat. Taking into account both views of this controversy it will show, that not only a social change has occurred, but the dynamics of the battlefield has in fact already placed female service members into direct combat. Section II: Opposition to Direct Combat...
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...Iraq and Afghanistan. Their accounts challenge the existing structure of the military as a gendered institution. Beginning with World War II, she uses feminist theory to show how women have fought for full citizenship rights, to include the right to serve in the Armed Forces, and the issues that have resulted from an incomplete and delayed integration. This book will be used to affirm issues the military has encountered due to continued gender segregation, and predict outcomes of full gender equality in the military. Fenner and DeYoung tackle opposing viewpoints on the topic of women’s expanded role...
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...timeline (Appendix B) for the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered (LGBT) community in the United States Military between and the policies behind setbacks to the retention and entry of otherwise qualified personnel. Explanations of gender identity disorder and gender dysphoria disorder, defined as mental disorders by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], DSM-1, 1942; DSM-4, 2000; DSM-5, 2013). This textbook published and periodically updated by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), directly affects the guidelines for determining qualification of personnel into military service. Factual information is the only justification used for the policies put forth by the Department of Defense (DOD), Secretary of Defense (SECDEF), the Supreme Court of the United States, the office of the President of the United States and all categories of official office or position...
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...Running Head: EDUCATION AND ACTION 1 Education and Action for Gender Violence Meaghan Pollard Education and Action for Gender Violence The website I chose to study is http://www.jacksonkatz.com. This website is about Jackson Katz, who is an anti-sexist male activist. He is recognized for his work in gender violence prevention education and lectures at high schools, colleges and workshops across the world. He is the co-founder of the Mentors in Violence Prevention program; which according to the website is “the leading gender violence prevention initiative in professional and college athletics.” He is also the director of the “first worldwide domestic and sexual violence prevention program in the United States Marine Corps” and has created a handful of educational videos regarding gender violence. The home page of the website describes Jackson Katz’s accomplishments, acknowledgements and recent honors. The website has many tabs to lead readers to further information about Katz, including his full biography, publications, seminars, and lectures and consulting. After reading Katz full biography it is easy to determine that he has a multitude of experiences to support his work in gender violence prevention. Katz helped architect the “bystander” approach, which is used in the Mentors in Violence Prevention program to train students to be positive role models in the school environment and how to respond if they witness or know about a violent or abusive situation...
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...Topic: Integration of women in the U.S. Military | Hill (2013) | King (2013) | Summers (2013) | German (2008) | Difficulty accepting equality in the U.S. military, possible influences from it | Best case--we're not as advanced on issues of equality as we'd like or need to be.(p.51) -Worst case--We continue to hold onto outdated and sexist views of women; i.e., we've fundamentally not changed much at all since their full integration in the early 1970s.(p.51) -In other words, women should be able to do anything they are capable of doing. (p.52) | -Even women who are strong enough to serve in combat present a problem because the armed forces, focused on war-winning (not employment equality), are unable to apply gender-blind standards to women; they cannot treat them equally and tend to be too lenient.(p.13) Despite extensive attempts to integrate women since the 1970s, women constitute only 15 percent of the US armed forces. (p.20) | The women everywhere had a long journey and struggle to make it to the U.S. Military. It’s always been a battle of the genders. The male soldiers provide a measure of superiority in their roles. The gender bias makes the women feel less worthy. (p.71) The combat arms are closed off from women. All women should have the same opportunities as the men. (p.72) | Since the beginning of time, women had difficulties being in the U.S. Military. They would just flee with their families from the warzones. Later...
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...postconventional. •Agents of socialization are people, groups, and experiences that influence behavior and self-image. They include family, school, peer groups, and the mass media. •Isolated or institutionalized children may not experience primary socialization and can suffer many social and psychological defects as a result. Resocialization •Primary socialization occurs in childhood. Resocialization, the learning of new norms and values, occurs later in life, when life circumstances change or when people join a new group. •The workplace is an agent of resocialization. •Total institutions are environments in which people are isolated from mainstream society and expected to adhere to rigid rules. They demand resocialization. Some examples of total institutions are prisons, mental institutions, and the military. Anticipatory Socialization •When we learn new norms and values in anticipation of a future role, we are practicing anticipatory socialization. •Practicing new norms in advance makes the transition easier and lets us know whether the role is right for us. Gender...
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...Gender Equality in the United States PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning Instructor: August 26 , 2015 The topic I chose to discuss is gender equality, one of the greatest controversy’s debated across the ages. I believe the Utilitarianism has influenced American society in regards to gender equality. I believe that women in society have benefited greatly from utilitarianism way of thinking. This theory as I feel it has been applied in American society, has clouded the judgement of our society and it has become a norm. In our strides to make the genders equal we have failed to step back and see the reasoning behind or look at the effects it will have. It’s had adverse effects on many parts of our society especially the work force and in our court systems. Utilitarianism is the ethical theory that says “given a choice one should make the choice that will bring the most happiness to the greatest amount of people. With the utilitarianism theory it is believed that humans will seek pleasure meaning happiness, such as having a family have that dream job, or even having that dream job. The theory also implies that humans in seeking happiness we also try to avoid pain, losing our families, going to jail or not having the money you want. The theory suggests that our pursuit of happiness and our avoidance of pain go hand in hand with our daily decisions throughout our lives. (http://vizedhtmlcontent...
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...cute animals, dresses, wands, small sized cleaning equipment and drawing boards. All of these toys are light blue, bright pinks all of these very feminine. The children in America learn stereotypes in gender roles through gender socialization. This is a sequence of adapting to the culture roles according to your sex, this starts at birth and will continue throughout life. Toys are very gender specific, because they teach and reinforce stereotypical gender roles for children. When we are first born children make an image of themselves as a boy or girl. We do this so we can fit in with society so we can interact with parents and teachers. Children pay close attention to the gender appropriateness of toys only after they get a firm grasp on the concept of gender constancy. Gender constancy alludes to a child's understanding that gender remains the same for the rest of his or her life. Children become aware of the fact that they will always be male or female even if they change their appearance such as haircuts or clothing. The culture norms and values that are being encouraged by toys are masculinity and femininity. These terms are often used to identify a set of characteristics, meanings, and values associated with the gender. One of the most power tools to teach a child gender-stereotyped behavior is a toy. Toys R Us has different sections...
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...Gender Roles Views on gender roles as a whole especially in the past few years have changed. For each individual views are all over the board. Traditionally men worked to bring in the household income and women took care of the kids and the household. Some families are lucky enough to have the income to keep this kind of arrangement others have had to have both parents work to have the income to stay afloat. It is now the norm for both parents to work and even men to take care of the household and children. Just by watching how a household works forms people’s views on gender roles. My experience just as many peoples nowadays is less than traditional. My parents divorced before I can remember and since then I have been with my mother and brother. My mother seemed to be able to do it all. Amazing looking back on it now, she brought home the paycheck and still managed to cook us breakfast, send us off to school, be home with an after school snack, cook dinner, make sure we did our homework, and put us to bed every day. On top of that she coached one of us in at least one sport each season and managed to give us anything we needed and more times than not what we wanted. I was spoiled, never had to do my laundry and my chores were to mow the yard and pick up after myself. I still managed to view the gender roles as traditional because even though I knew she worked and was the only household income she was always there when we left for school and when we got back and was...
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...Why did sociology (as social science develop)? Who was the founding father of sociology? Main contributions of Sociology Early Auguste compte: Founding father of sociology, coined the word sociology How is Sociology different from other social sciences? Emile Durkheim: influenced development of functionalism 4 types of suicide by Durkheim: Egoistic: Mentally ill, lonely, social outcast, depression Altruistic: Kamikaze pilots, suicide bombers, cult members, obligation to the group, Fatalistic: Inmates, elderly, terminally ill, hopelessness Anomic: Anyone who cant deal with chaos, such as stock market crash or 1929-Insecurity Anomie: When society’s norms are questions, much social change, Society is rapidly changing Institutions are weakened, family, religion. Gender norms are questioned; values and belief systems are questioned Theory of structural functionalism 1 If a structure exists in society its because its functional, the social structure exists because it works Social structures: anything external to people that has ways of affecting us, like religions, schools, Any pattern of social organization external to people that has a way of influencing us. Example: Family Peers Media Religion School Exams Laws Marriage 3. This theory explains that society s a large social system with inter relation parts, all working together for a reason 4. If something in society...
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...Gender Role Analysis The roles of gender in today’s society vary according to history, one’s personal biases, environment, and society’s input in education, government, and the workplace. History has shown that gender roles have made great strides of accomplishments in roles that were once very similar in each area of life; particularly the role of females in that they were considered to be the property of men and played the role of the helpmeet, which was a biblical term that was taken to what is considered extreme in today’s U.S. culture. Through various social movements throughout history gender roles have changed greatly. Those changes that were affected by such social movements caused great opportunities and advancement for women and minorities in education, government, and the workplace. Social Movements From the beginning of this nation women did not have the same rights as men and were considered to be more of a second class citizen. In the early years of this nation, women along with minorities were considered the property of men. Women were not permitted to be educated in most cases, did not count as a citizen, could not vote, could not own anything, could not enter into contracts, obtain credit, work without her father or husband’s permission and could not even receive a paycheck in her own name. Social movements have made great impacts on gender roles in society throughout history. From social movements in the beginning of this nations’ history such as...
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...same dilemmas as my friends I thought that keeping simple rights from people was wrong. I guess you could say I was an advocate in the war against social stigmas, advocating for equal rights for everyone no matter what sexual orientation one is. Homosexuality has been a topic of debate for some time now. There are people that firmly believe that loving or engaging in sex with someone of the same gender is completely wrong, and some of these people base their beliefs on their religious path. Some preach that by doing so the people involved in these acts will go to hell. There are even some individuals out there that form or part of groups that protest homosexuality and same sex relationships. My question to them is simple. What would you do if it was your child? What would you do if it was you who felt like that? Would you want the same rights in your life and in your relationship as everyone else? The answers to these questions are complicated for some people. To me they are really simple. There are family’s that disown their children for being with someone of their same gender. There are people that deny what they feel inside based on what they were taught or what society says should be right and what should be wrong. They are taught that the world would be a bad...
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...role’ as an example of how gender is changing in the twentieth century. It will discuss how gender has changed over time through individualisation and detraditionalisation and why sociologists are still focusing on gender issues. The father’s role at home is under negotiation, according to Coltrane (1998) the role father’s play at home is being negotiated between men and women, trying to come to new ways to solve family work roles. Even though most people agree that men and women are equal, gender is still one of the major determinants of one’s life chances. Gender is also individualised, Beck (1992) writes, individualisation is the dual process where , under conditions of reflexive modernity, individuals are disembedded from historical social forms and commitments including those related to class and gender and then re-embed in new ways of life in which they must produce, stage, and roughly assemble together their lives themselves. In other words the individual is presumed to be actors, designer and stage director of his or her own biography identity. Gender refers to a set of culturally defined characteristics which determine society’s view of people as ‘masculine’ or ‘feminine’. Oakely (1970) pointed out that across cultures and historical periods there were considerable differences in the ways in which women and men were expected to behave, she also stated that across cultures and history that performance of gender could differ significantly...
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...Marcus Rose ADED 6388 Week Three Assignment Continuous improvement is an ongoing process that is established within a group in an attempt to enhance how it functions. In order to make this process work effectively, a vision for the group must first be developed. There has to be a clear direction with goals and objectives in which the group is trying to accomplish. Once you have set your goals and objectives and your group has a clear vision, you can begin to create norms and behaviors that are traditionally practiced. These norms are put in place to help the group accomplish its goals (Gershenfeld, 2004). These norms can either stay the same or be changed as the goals of the group change. You can also have norms that are acquired from new members. A clear vision for the group must be set. It will be difficult to assess the function of the group without a vision. The vision gives each member the guidance on how to perform their tasks and deliver quality results toward their goals. With an established vision, the group will have support from each member as well as outsiders. People on the outside looking in will also have an idea of what the group stands for. They could soon join and become members if they have common goals with the group. The vision can also help the group measure their success. The group’s measuring stick for process improvement is spawned from the vision. You have to be aligned with the group’s vision in order to be successful (Gershenfeld...
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...decided to move out of my parent’s home and attend a major university in Atlanta, GA. My decision to leave home and pursue my educational and career goals was one of the major social influences and impacts of my life. For the first time in my life I was able to make choices on my own as a young adult and not depend upon the guidance and/or demanding terms of my parents. I was prepared for the future and unknown since in my own eyes the socialization I’d been exposed to shaped the behaviors, values and attitudes that I viewed as appropriate. Besides I felt as if I were aware of what was considered the “norm” in society. I was aware of the laws, what was legal and illegal and being fully responsible for my actions since I was now legally an adult. Not only was I aware of the legal consequences for violating norms but the unspoken consequences for not conforming to the informal norms of society that included everything from not walking alone, adhering to some sort of “dress code” that wasn’t inappropriate for a school environment to respecting my roommates and making sure that I reported to my classes as scheduled. As most people will agree, my childhood and the way that I was raised and the social interactions that I encountered shaped the socialization of my adulthood. I was one of four daughters and one son of the typical “nuclear family” where both of my parents were married to each other and the unmarried children stayed at home (Schaefer, 2009). My culture definitely defines...
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