...International Relation and Gender Introduction International relations could be defined in many different ways. Each school of thoughts distinguishes their understanding of international relations differently. For example according to realists “the international system is defined by anarchy—the absence of a central authority (Waltz). States are sovereign and thus autonomous of each other; no inherent structure or society can emerge or even exist to order relations between them,” where according to Liberalism “Liberalism makes for a more complex and less cohesive body of theory than Realism or Institutionalism. The basic insight of the theory is that the national characteristics of individual States matter for their international relations” (Anne-Marie Slaughter, 2011). Many looked at international relations in some other ways. In other words, each has looked at it according to their own agenda and benefits. In simpler words of my understanding, international relation is a study where it looks at the relationship between countries, which will of course include the role of different organizations and different policies. For a long time now, our world is highly filled with national security dialogues such as diplomats, statesmen and military positions, however, all of these managed to avoid women participation due to their lack of characteristics required to handle such heavy duties. Gender discrimination is not something new, proving that would be all of the feminist movements...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Transforming gender relations in Ghana agenda will remain so for some time to come. In spite of decades of gender equity activism and public efforts which had been undertaken in the last three decades within the ambit of electoral policies, the transformation process was stalled with many challenges. In the gender equality intervention, especially following the Beijing declaration of 1995, the agenda has been pursued in some societies as if it is only women’s business. Initially, some gender equality activities were undertaken as if it was a battle between women and men. In certain instances some men thought that promotion of gender equality or women’s empowerment was an attempt to take their power from then and give to women such misconceptions have made gender equality measure for empowerment of women face some resistance from both males and some females who believe that governance of society and women must be under the control of men. A critical explanation of gender will, however, reveal that the gender strategy rather recognizes the relationship between males and females and for that matter the need to support each other to attain their maximum best in society, efforts have, therefore, been recently intensified at the international level to promote the involvement of males for attainment of gender equality. The question then is how do we harness the male support for the promotion of gender equality? It is within this context that this term...
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...In this assignment I will outline the five approaches of gender development and consider which of these approaches provide the better explanation, I will do this by looking at various case studies and decide which has the best argument. Gender is the term used to refer to the socially formed roles of and relations between men and women, while 'Sex' refers to biological features which identify humans as male or female. These biological features are not absolute however, as it is possible for an individual to possess both. Gender roles are characterised by uneven power. The ‘norms’ of gender assign specific roles and rights of ways to men and women or girls and boys - for example, women may be expected to take on duties within the home and with their children, whilst men may be expected to be the sole earner and labourer, going out to work to earn a salary to support his family and to carry out manual tasks within the home. In terms of children, girls would be expected to play with ‘girl toys’ like dolls, prams and make-up, to be more sensitive and caring, whilst boys would be expected to play with cars and trucks, to be a lot more boisterous and active. As children grow from early childhood to adolescence, they are subjected to many aspects which influences their sense of behaviour and their attitude to gender roles. These behaviours and attitudes are generally picked-up in the home to begin with and are then strengthened by a child's peers, school, environmental experience...
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...Gender is a common topic in society, it has essential role in people’s lives. The word gender can relate to sex, but sex is biological differences between men and women while gender refers to cultural and social differences between men and women. Masculinity is a part of gender, it is a set of qualities, characteristics or roles generally considered typical of a man. There are many different kinds of masculinities, each one can represent a group of man. This essay will critically analyze the characters of masculinities in light of gender relations, and use the film, Billy Elliot to support the argument. In this film, Billy’s father, Jackie is a traditional man. He had traditional thought of the society and could not accept some new ideas. He thought a real man should do football or boxing rather than ballet, so he objected Billy to learn ballet. (Billy Elliot, 2000). Not Billy’s father, but also his brother Tony, has the traditional thought as his father. The important reason is that both Tony and Jackie are miners, they should take responsibility of the family. They had heavy pressure from their works, so they became more aggressive and are more close to macho. Coal-mining is essentially based on physical strength, coal-mining community can be seen as patriarchal society. So they had power to make decisions in family. Patriarchy is a social system in which the male is the primary authority figure central to social organization and father hold authority over women and children...
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...GENDER RELATIONS AND DIVORCE AMONG THE ELITES A CASE STUDY OF GULU MUNICIPALITY BY HENRY EGYEYU ABSTRACT This study is aimed at establishing the relationship between Gender relations and Divorce such that possible approaches are sought to mitigate them. The study set out to assess the sex-differentiated impact of divorce, which are normally part of family life. These include changes in residences by children to accommodate changes in their relationships with their parents, changes in parental employment, remarriage, and stepfamily formation still; most children suffer from declining father. The study found that such changes affect individuals within households differently. Some lose while others gain. Women, however, have been singled out as the most affected. Changes in marriage and divorce laws and policies have further affected individual household members in different ways that is, children live in many different family forms, but the most common pattern is that they live with their mothers and have less contact with their fathers. As a result, a common alteration that children are forced to make is an adjustment to life without their father at home. Most children share time between the mother's household and the father's household, and families are creative in finding ways for children to maintain meaningful relationships with both parents involvement after divorce The conflicts over ownership of...
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...Gender Disparity In Relation to Managerial Positions in the Organizations in Mombasa County: Case of County Government of Mombasa. Introduction This chapter introduces the study by looking at its background and stating the problem. It further gives the objectives of the study, research questions, and significance of the study, its scope, the assumptions and the conceptual framework. This research seeks to unravel the factors for gender disparity in managerial positions within Mombasa County. To increase understanding of factors affecting women this study focuses on diverse factors that affect the development of women in Mombasa County. Background of the Study Gender disparities in employment opportunities and economic investment patterns in Kenya have continued to widen across all sectors of the economy and at various levels of development intervention. This trend has led to increased unemployment, under-employment, poverty and powerlessness among many Kenyan women. Part of the reason for the persistent inequality is the slow process of mainstreaming gender into employment creation and poverty eradication policies, programmes and strategies in a coordinated, multi-sectorial and crosscutting way. The other reason relates to the existence of social, cultural and structural barriers to effective female participation in the labour force. These and other factors have jointly contributed to the low pay and productivity of women’s labour and to their continued under-representation...
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...Item A How male and female pupils and teachers act towards each other has a major effect on pupils experiences of education. Sociologists are interested in the reason why gender relations take the form they do and their relationship to classroom interaction, subject choice, achievement and identity. Gender relations affect many areas of school life, such as parents evenings governors meetings, senior management decision making, appointments and promotions, as well interactions in the classroom and staff room schools have gender equality policies. As a result, pupils and teachers may disguise their real attitudes towards gender and this may make it difficult for the researcher to get at the truth. Sociologists are interested in the reasons for gender differences in subject choice. These include primary socialisation in the home peer group pressure, subject images and gender career opportunities. Question: Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the strengths and limitations of participant observation for the study of gender relations in schools. There are two types of observation, covert and overt. The difference between them is that covert observation is when the people being observed do not know they’re being watched or studied, and overt observation is when they have been told and given consent to be observed by the researcher. Observation can also be done in two ways. This is called participant and non-participant observation. In participant...
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...1. a) What is a database? A database is an organized collection of related data. b) How does an RDBMS store data? An RDBMS stores related data in tables. 2. What is one benefit of dividing data into tables? Dividing data into tables eliminates unnecessary data duplication, or data redundancy. 3. a) What is a database schema? A database schema is a description of the data and the organization of the data into tables in a relational database. b) Explain the considerations for dividing data into related groups. Considerations for dividing data into related groups includes grouping information so that there is little or no data redundancy. However, each table must have data related to at least one other table, which will require data duplication. This is not considered data redundancy. A table with no relationship to any another table does not belong in the database. 4. a) What is a field? A column in a table. Used to store data. b) Explain why a field that stores more than one piece of data is considered poor design. A field that stores more than one piece of data limits the sorting and searching capabilities of the database. 5. List four guidelines to follow when choosing field names. 1. Make field names unique. 2. Choose...
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...level language to realize some specific functions, don’t need to debug or testing the application functions, therefore DBMS reduces development time.In DBMS, the data model, which is called schema, for example relational, we can have entities and attributes, indexing and statistics and so on. We can think DBMS is working as a data dictionary because it is a relation that has all the relations and all the relations has all the attributes. DBMS has an efficient way to store and retrieve related data. There are many ways to compute the query, however, there must be a best way to do it. DBMS has unique techniques to read and return data users need. The insert, delete and modify operations of DBMS is very convenient for users to use. DBMS can help to find the best way to minimize the cost of computing. That’s why DBMS is considered query optimizing.DBMS is integrity constraints because it defines rules to describe the how data stored in the database system. If there is some data that does not obey the rule, it is not belong tothis database. Each set of data item is independent (there is a primary key for each item), and the relations are dependent.When there are multiple users using the same database, they are interrupting the execution of one query to each other if there is no way to solve it. DBMS solves the problem by making transactions one at a time. We can think DBMS is working for one user at one time. By this way, even if there are many users doing some operations to the same...
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...Mustang Music Case Analysis Date: 12/11/2011 Group 6 Mustang Music is a music store. Its president and chief executive officer (CEO) is Arthur Weber. He “graduated from a well-known performing arts conservatory with a master’s degree in music, double majoring in classical guitar and composition.” He opened the store three years ago. Weber’s emerging vision was not merely to operate a music store and earn a living. Mustang Music’s strategy from the start concentrated more on quality of its services and the richness of its product. Weber “wanted to provide a world-class musical education and high quality instruments to the general population and perhaps in the process, help to identify and develop the next gifted Hendrix,” Santana, Joe Satriani or even Keith Richards. With the perfect combination of store location, effective promotional style and great customer relationship building skills, Weber was successful in achieving his vision that he set for himself and for Mustang Music. The store has three zones: retail showroom, five small-soundproofed classrooms and office area. Its classroom setup was well planned and organized which provided great convenience not only to its customers, but also to the employees. The environment was built on such that it motivated not only the students that participated in its music, but also their parents, thereby, encouraging them to create long term commitment to its institution to deliver excellent tuition in music and to generate...
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...Database What is a database system? A database is can be thought of as an electronic file cabinet where everything is placed in it that needs to be remembered or to be documented for future referencing and where what you put in is exactly what you get out. In other words, a database holds everything that is important for you work or home. It is your e-filing cabinet. (Shenron, 2008) A database keeps important information for any future work close to hand so that the access of this information is almost instant without the hassle of paperwork or manual filing. This type of electronic data storage is very useful for users who are accessing the data from a network or shared drive. This allows users on the same network to have access to all the information at the same time without loss of data. Working for the State of Alaska as a Title 36 (public construction) Accounting Technician is very challenging as Alaska is a very big state and the requirements for this position are many and varied. One of the responsibilities is the management of the public construction database. This database holds all data on any public construction (over $2,000) in the state. The information is about the prime contractors, awarded state projects, the state agencies, who bid out the projects, and the projects themselves. Without the use of a database, there would be no reasonable way to track all the information that is required by this state office such as monthly reports, investigator reports, tracking...
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...versions, and license agreements • Track software requests from users to determine if a copy of the software is available and if is it is something that should be purchased. Preliminary Timeline: 1. Gathering Data – This task will consist of gathering all the information needed to complete the task. Time allotted: 3 weeks Deliverable: A list of the locations of the computers needing to have the software installed to track the software. 2. Analyzing Data – The data gathered will be used to analyze to determine the business rules and needs. Time allotted: 2 weeks Deliverable: List of business rules 3. Normalization – The data model will be completed with computers that need the software. Time allotted: 1 week Deliverable: Entity relation diagram for review 4. Building the physical database – The data model will be translated. Tables containing columns with the computers and machines that need the tracking software. Time allotted: 3 days Deliverable: The schema of the database for review. 5. Testing and Security – Do a sample data and each of the computers and machines will be tested. General database security and software will be tested. Time allotted: 3 weeks Deliverable: Documented test results...
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...Address the uses of the Amazon.com® database; possible data management issues; and the relationship amongst Amazon®’s data, information, and knowledge. Amazon is a one of the most amazing Internet sellers of used and new books that have been competitive with Borders. Amazon.com gives and present discounted books at different prices, but with true understanding of the seller and customer. The one company to have the largest product information databases in the world is Amazon. Amazon database contains more than thousands of customers, sellers, products and orders, which can be in the millions. The data of Amazon contains data information of payment transactions and type, browsing histories, and referrers. Most of the products that Amazon contains would be the price information from sellers, review, and the ranking. Customers and consumers uses the database of Amazon to read reviews to exam products, compare prices and use research tools to purchase products from the website. Issues with Amazon can occur with data management issue with using different versions of the product (Milliot 2003). . I notice that Amazon does give he or she a chance to review books online before making a purchase and also allow them to read reviews. Amazon sells various editions of books from textbooks to novels. Amazon’s data are the effects of any transactions in inventory, sale transactions, and information about the seller and about the buyer. Most consumers compare...
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...Booking Assessment Using SMS Technologies Report November, 2013 Table of Contents 1. Abstract 3 2. Introducion 4 3. Objective 6 4. Scope. 7 5. Assumptions 8 6. Mandatory/Optional Dependencies 9 6.1 Proposal and Customer 9 6.2 Proposal and Invoice 9 6.3 Proposal and Work order 9 6.4 Work order and Work assignment 10 6.5 Work order and Task 10 6.6 Work Assignment and Employee 11 6.7 Work assignment and Materials 11 6.8 Work Assignment and Employee 12 7. M: N Relationships 13 7.1 Work_Assignment and Employee 13 7.2 Work_Assignment and Materials 13 7.3 Work_Order and Tasks 13 8. All possible tables of the ER Design 14 9. Why we need ER Diagram for the Scenario 18 10. Why we used relational model rather than using the hierarchical model 19 10.1 Hierarchical Model 19 10.2 Relational Model 19 10.3 Why we used Relational Database 19 11. Suggestions for the Improvements 21 12. Importance of the Database Modeling phase in a Database Development Project 22 12.1 Modeling Steps 22 12.2 Database Deigning Process 22 * Abstract Short Message Technology (SMS) is commonly used among the students modern world as it is a reliable mobile technology. Thus, to simplify the process of assignment booking and to save time SMS technology can be used effectively. In this project, the development of an SMS based assignment booking system is presented. Using the SMS interface, students would be able to send requests for time...
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...a) What is a database? A database is an organized collection of related data. b) How does an RDBMS store data? An RDBMS stores related data in tables. 2. What is one benefit of dividing data into tables? Dividing data into tables eliminates unnecessary data duplication, or data redundancy. 3. a) What is a database schema? A database schema is a description of the data and the organization of the data into tables in a relational database. b) Explain the considerations for dividing data into related groups. Considerations for dividing data into related groups includes grouping information so that there is little or no data redundancy. However, each table must have data related to at least one other table, which will require data duplication. This is not considered data redundancy. A table with no relationship to any another table does not belong in the database. 4. a) What is a field? A column in a table. Used to store data. b) Explain why a field that stores more than one piece of data is considered poor design. A field that stores more than one piece of data limits the sorting and searching capabilities of the database. 5. List four guidelines to follow when choosing field names. 1. Make field names unique. 2. Choose the shortest possible...
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