...versus another nation, but several European states such as Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Denmark, including the United States which is not a European country to mention a few. After the First World War, it was established that WWI would end all wars but to the contrary, WWI still left an amber behind and as the years went by that amber turned to a flame, that soon ended up bringing chaos. Before World War I, Germany and France had a bickering wars like the Franco Prussia did not settle down a menace between these two nations, Germany won that war and left France seeking victory, World War I happens, and this time France is in the winning side. Germany was humiliated, she was once seen as a powerful nation, and now she had to walk with her tail...
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...In the aftermath of World War II, economic devastation was evident throughout much of Europe. Vast amounts of resources, infrastructure, and financial ability had been destroyed in the nearly decade-long conflict. Due to the obvious disunity that European nations shared, an idea was created out of the ashes of the largely European conflict: The European Union. In 1958, after attempting to create several different organizations to unite Europe (The European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community, etc...) the European Union was organized. The objective of the European Union is both economical and political. The six original founding members (Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and The Netherlands) envisioned an organization of such economic unity, that the threat of another continental war would be nearly impossible to instigate in Europe again. As members of the European Union grew, an idea was formed to enhance the economic cohesiveness of the many member nations. In 1992 the Maastrict Treaty was established to create a universal currency for members of the European Union who wanted to participate (cited in Lynn, 2012, p. 25). Those nations that joined this Eurozone can be seen in Figure 1 as indicated by their blue color. Figure 1 Members who abandoned their national currency in favor of the new "Euro" currency became known as members of the "Eurozone" (Ashton, 2012). By linking a single currency to multiple economic engines, the...
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...Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck was born on April 23, 1858, in Kiel, Germany. He was the sixth child of Julius Wilhelm and Emma Planck. His parents taught him at a young age the family history of success in academics, kindness, and morality. However, he did not do as well at his schooling as was hoped, although he excelled at music and it became a passion for him. He was even gifted with perfect pitch. In the end, he decided to go to college and pursue physics, even though he loved music. The reason he chose physics was, in his own words, because “The outside world is something independent from man, something absolute, and the quest for the laws which apply to this absolute appeared to me as the most sublime scientific pursuit in life” (http://www.famousscientists.org/max-planck/)....
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...How important was fear of communism in explaining why President Hindenburg invited Hitler to become Chancellor in 1933? Intro Communism was a political idea which was beginning to become popular in Germany. However it was very much disliked as communist were seen as unruly because of street battles with police. People feared the way the USSR discriminated against the middle class and in the process of becoming communist countries had taken land away from farmers and many peasants had been killed or imprisioned. Hitler was appointed chancellor on the 30th January 1933 and this was partly to do with the publics fear of communism however it was not the most important factor. One way the fear of communism explained why Hindenburg invited Hitler to become chancellor was pressure from big businesses. Originally Hindenburg had not wanted to appoint Hitler as chancellor, he feared he would dismantle democracy and as a former leader of the imperial german army Hindenburg strngly disliked the S.A. However he was getting older and struggling to keep the republic together. The army favored Hitler to protect the state from communism and the former president of the reichsbank, Hjalmar Schacht, made it known that the business and finical world saw Hitler as the ‘lesser of two evils’. This put huge pressure on Hindenburg to pick Hitler as chancellor because he needed the support of the army and business world. Along with the army and business world, support for Hitler in the public was...
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...refers to the speech given by Prussian statesman Otto Von Bismarck, referring to the ‘Bismarck wars’; the battles heavily acclaimed to be the binding force behind German unification into one, powerful state. However, it is also possible to agree with Kenyes , who challenged Bismarck’s speech and opinions on unification by believing in an economically led charge towards unification; hence the use of the term “iron and steel” To agree on Bismarck’s “blood and iron” beliefs, You have to start with the ‘Bismarck wars’, wars created to help unite Germany against common enemies. The Danish War of 1864, which was fought over the two duchies ‘Schleswig’ and ‘Holstein’. Denmark, who occupied the Duchess at the time, had taken the land from the Prussians in the 1400s (Bismarck was of course Prussian by nature). Denmark was also the main threat from the North of Germany, consequently explaining why the Duchies were such crucial regions for Germany to control/have influence over. Two years later, in 1866 there was the Austro-Prussian war. Austria had always been a strong, united and independent nation; which situated geographically right next to the German states would clearly be enviable of pro-unification German ministers. Bismarck wanted the Austro-Prussian war to show that his Prussia was the more dominant and significant state than Franz Joseph’s Austria. Previously too Bismarck had met with Napoleon III In Biarritz to discuss possible French intervention if there was a war involving...
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...Browder, in “Neighbor America: Americans in Rhineland Palatinate, 1945-95.” Ed. Winfried Herget, Werner Kemp and Walter G. Roedel. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlaf, 1995. The US post-war plan for the administration of Germany was muddled, full of contradictions and retreats. Nevertheless, despite the inauspicious beginnings, the US quickly developed a workable administration that was surprisingly efficient; ultimately, the US army’s efforts were crucial in the reconstruction of post-war Germany. Browder’s work is concentrated upon the US Military’s efforts in establishing order and beginning the reconstruction of Germany. His work is similar in vein to his other publications in that he concentrated upon the efforts of the US Military. The chapter First Encounters: Conquest and Initial Occupation, By Dewey A. Browder, in “Neighbor America: Americans in Rhineland Palatinate, 1945-95, examined the initial US entry into Germany and their efforts to administer the conquered territory. His thesis is apparent from the books’s title; ‘Neighbor’ has connotations of a benevolent partner and this is exactly what Browder argued in his chapter. Furthermore, the author’s thesis is consistent with his other works. The title of Browder’s book, Americans In Post-World War II Germany: Teachers, Tinkers, Neighbors and Nuisances is suggestive of his view that on the whole, the US army’s post-war handling of the Germans was a success; the minor criticism of ‘nuisances’ was handled only in one chapter...
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...Theoretical Background 5 The cultural perspective 6 The institutional perspective 9 Case Analysis 12 The cultural perspective 12 The institutional perspective 15 Recommendations 19 Cultural 19 Institutional 20 Limitations 22 Cultural 22 Institutional 22 Conclusion 23 References: 25 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to address and analyze the challenges Wal-Mart faced during its entrance into the German market in the late 1990s. We have analyzed this with the following problem in mind: “Which aspects, both cultural and institutional, led to Wal-Mart’s failure in Germany and what should they have done instead?” We will approach this problem by outlining theoretical frameworks for analyzing cultural and institutional aspects of a company. We will then employ said theories in order to analyze the case of Wal-Mart’s failure in Germany. Finally, we will come to a conclusion concerning what they should have done as they entered into the German market. Different forms of distance CAGE, Taste and deep-seated preferences, strong national identities, management lacks diversity, mismatch, handling cultural and institutional distances is the essence of international management. Did Walmart start in culturally proximate markets? Customer bahaviour, culture. No one stop shopping. Feel for german shoppers, who care more about price than having...
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...Industry: from Bilateral Agreements to Integrated Networks 4.7 GN Netcom in China 4.8 IKEA: Entering Russia 4.9 The ‘David Beckham’ Brand 563 571 574 583 586 590 594 599 604 case 4.1 Wal-Mart’s German Misadventure I don’t think that Wal-Mart did their homework as well as they should have. Germany is Europe’s most pricesensitive market. Wal-Mart underestimated the competition, the culture, the legislative environment. — Steve Gotham, retail analyst, Verdict Retail Consulting, October 20021 We screwed up in Germany. Our biggest mistake was putting our name up before we had the service and low prices. People were disappointed. — John Menzer, head of Wal-Mart International December 20012 ‘Don’t look now:’ low prices all year round! With thanks to Walmart 563 IntMk-CStud-4.qxd 26/05/2005 14:06 Page 564 section 6 case studies section 4 German blues For the world’s largest retailing company, Wal-Mart, Inc., the German market was proving difficult to crack. By 2003, even after five years of having entered Germany, Wal-Mart was making losses. Though Wal-Mart did not reveal these figures, analysts estimated losses of around $200–300 million per annum in Germany over the five-year period. According to analysts, the main reason for Wal-Mart’s losses was its failure to understand German culture and the shopping habits of Germans. Though Wal-Mart was famous the world over for its Every Day Low Pricing (EDLP),3 which turned it into the world’s No. 1 retailer...
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...country that we researched to export Peanut Butter & Co peanut butter to is Germany. Germany is located in the Western and Central part of Europe. The Capital is Berlin that is also the largest city in the country. Other large cities in the country include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne and Frankfurt. Germany is part of the European Union, out of all the states that make up the European Union Germany is one of the most populous countries and has the largest economies. We chose to export peanut butter to Germany, because it is a rare item to find in the country. The German people are more familiar with a product called Nutella. Nutella is a creamy Chocolate hazelnut spread that is used on all food such as breads, fruits and more. Peanut Butter and Co offer a variety of product but one similar product to Nutella is their “Dark Chocolate Dream” peanut butter. Peanut Butter & Co could have an advantage over Nutella because recently the price of Nutella rose due to a shortage of hazelnuts. The Dark Chocolate Dream as well as the other peanut products they contains no cholesterol, no trans fats, no hydrogenated oils, and no high-fructose corn syrup. It is also gluten-free, certified vegan, and certified kosher. Since the Germans are all about eating healthy with no artificial additives this product will be a perfect fit in the country. The United States has to follow regulations and directives form the FDA. Germany also has to follow strict protocols in order to receive products from outside...
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...Edition, by J.M. Roberts (available at GAU library) Recommended Sources: Donald Kagan et al: A Political History of Europe, since 1814 by Charles Seignobos, S. M. Macvane, The Western Heritage, Brief Edition, 2003 Websites: The course focuses on European history from the early 17th century to the end of the Second World War. The following aspects of political history of five selected countries - France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Spain- are covered : early kingdoms, unification, nationalism movements, political philosophies, conferences, alliance systems and conflicts which had an impact on Europe during the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th Centuries.Topics such as the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, the Concert of Europe, and the two world wars will also be discussed. Special emphasis will be placed on the relationship between the rise of liberalism and nationalism, the industrial revolution, and the emergence of modern political systems in Europe. Contents Introduction Chapter 1 Political history of France : Chapter 2 Political history of Germany: Chapter 3 Political history of Great Britain: Chapter 4 Political history of Italy: Chapter 5 Political history of Spain: Introduction In studying political history of European states, we put a focus on the beginning of the 18th century as a starting point in the rise of major European powers in the face of waning non-Western empires, which led to the consequent politicization of the region as a whole, raising...
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...Anne Frank was the most influential person of the 20th century because of the way she explained what was going on of World War II. Her diary explained how Jew’s was going through a horrible experience. Anne Frank influenced people learning how discrimination was affected during the 1940’s. Anne Frank gave people by giving a little knowledge about her life was, emotional impact, history how Nazis treated the Jew’s, her showing her bravery, and Anne Frank helped the world understand that 6 million Jews was killed in the Holocaust. By Anne famous diary, Anne Frank helped the world understand that 6 million Jews was killed in the Holocaust. Since the persecution of Jew’s in the Netherlands was extremely similar to the early persecution of Jew’s in Germany, the Franks could foresee that just like it had for the Jew’s in Germany. Anne Frank gave people by giving a little knowledge about her life emotion impact. Anne and her family lived in the secret Annex for three years with 8 people; 1994 all 8 people had been arrested sent to Auschwitz and was all split up. Anne was 13 years old when she and her family went in hiding. That did not stop her from being who she was very strong and brave. She also influenced people about Nazis conquering. She helped teach people that the Holocaust died in that camp, it was a horrible thing. Without her diary the world would never know the intensity of the pain and suffering abused during this time. Anne Frank was born in 1929...
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...Holocaust Socratic Discussion Final Reflection How does your reading (and memoir) connect to the other readings you learned about in your seminar? All the reading s that we received symbolized in word the different events that lead up to the mass genocide, otherwise known as the Holocaust. The first excerpt was about the events that occurred after World War one. There was a huge economic decline in Germany because of the inflation, debt, and the Great depression as well. The population of Germany was angry at the government, and Hitler took advantage of their anger by directing a t the Jews. The first excerpt once again enforced whatever segregative feelings the average Ayran had against the average Jew with the introduction...
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...This led to Germany having inflation problems and created tension between Germany and the opposing nations of World War I, along with humiliation. In this time of turmoil in Germany, Hitler found it the perfect time to follow through with his plan of a series of events to eventually take over Germany. But his plan did not work, and on April 1, 1924, he was sentenced to five years of prison at the Landsberg Prison. His defence was simply, "I alone bear the responsibility. But I am not a criminal because of that. If today I stand here as a revolutionary, it is as a revolutionary against the revolution. There is no such thing as high treason against the traitors of 1918." (Adolf Hitler Timeline- Hitler goes on trial for treason paragraph 5) Regardless, Hitler was released early on December 20,...
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...Hans Frazier Operation Bodyguard “In wartime, truth is so precious that she should always be attended by a bodyguard of lies.” It was this quote by Winston Churchill that named one of the most effective and difficult Allied operatives of World War II, Operation Bodyguard. Operation Bodyguard was a military deception pulled off by the Allied Nations to fool the Nazis and Germany. The purpose of the mission was to distract and slow down the German reinforcements by setting up a fake battlefield, while the Allied Forces landed on Normandy on what is known as D-Day. The Nazis and Germany were very powerful during this time, and Operation Bodyguard helped slow them down so that the Allied Nations could invade mainland Europe and throw them off...
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...rethink their hesitance to refuse Jewish refugees entry to their country. After this, efforts were made to coordinate the rescue of many Jewish people and the focus was heavily on children. Thus, the Kindertransport was born. On November 9, 1938 in Nazi Germany, over 1,000 synagogues were destroyed, 700 Jewish shops were attacked, and over 90 people were killed in an event labeled Kristallnacht. Hearing about this atrocity promoted a debate in the British House of Commons regarding Jewish refugees. The British government had...
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