...What is diabetes? Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition where the amount of glucose in the blood is too high Glucose comes from the digestion of carbohydrate containing food and drinks and is also produced by the liver Carbohydrate comes from many different sources including starchy foods such as bread, potatoes and chapattis, fruit, dairy products, sugar and other sweet foods The food we eat turns into glucose (sugar) for energy The pancreas makes insulin (a hormone) to help glucose get into the cells of our body When someone has diabetes their body either doesn’t make any/enough or can’t use its own insulin as it should Glucose begins to build up in the blood Prevalence: WHO estimate in: 2000 = 177 million diabetic people 2025 = 300 million diabetic people = 9% global population IDF (international diabetes federation): 2 million diabetic people in UK with over 750,000 undiagnosed NICE: 650,000 women give birth in England & Wale each year and 2-5% (13,000-32,500) involves women with diabetes, of these: * 87.5% are Gestational Diabetes (GD) * 7.5% are Type 1 * 5% are Type 2 From 1997-2003 there was 74% rise in new cases in the UK with the West Midlands being one of the highest areas (News, 2009) Treatment: Aim: to maintain glycaemic control – regular monitoring is required Lifestyle: diet, exercise Medication – tablet or injection e.g. Insulin, rapid acting insulin analogues (Aspart, Lispro) and/or hypoglycaemic agents (Metformin and Glibenclamide) ...
Words: 2919 - Pages: 12
...Gestational Diabetes is diagnosed when a higher than normal blood glucose levels are present. The process of diagnosing Gestational Diabetes is called a Glucose Challenge Test or GCT, where blood is taken an hour after the consumption if a glucose drink. If abnormal results are obtained, then an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test or OGTT is completed, this is a similar test; with blood taken before and two hours after the glucose drink is consumed. These tests are normally carried out between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, but may be done earlier for women with many risk factors for Gestational Diabetes. There are many ways to treat Gestational Diabetes, including; Diet, Exercise and Medications. By maintaining a healthy, balanced diet during pregnancy, the symptoms of Gestational Diabetes will be kept at bay and blood glucose levels will be kept within a normal range. Other perks of a healthy balanced diet during pregnancy are; the insurance that both the mother and baby are receiving all essential nutrients, and the mother will gain appropriate weight to be able to maintain and support the demands of pregnancy. Women with Gestational Diabetes are encouraged to eat smaller meals more often as it helps combat hunger and prevents the loss of weight throughout pregnancy. Foods that include Iron, Calcium and Folic Acid, low in fat, and moderate in carbs are all recommended as they will provide all the nutrients required for pregnancy. Having a Dietitian when experiencing Gestational...
Words: 444 - Pages: 2
...Second trimester is the period between 14th to 26thweek or the 4th to 6th months in pregnancy. This brings to another set of screening tests to be performed to ensure baby’s growth and wellbeing of her mother. The below list will explain the number of tests to be performed and what each test signifies: Routine check up As part of the routine ante-natal check up your doctor will check; your blood pressure and weight measure your abdomen from the top of your uterus to your pubic bone Listen to your baby's heartbeat using a modified stethoscope Tell your doctor when you begin to feel flutters or kicks in your abdomen. Glucose screening Glucose screening is done to find out if you have gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar (diabetes) that starts during pregnancy. Screening becomes more important if you are above the age of 30. If your blood glucose level comes high, your doctors will advise you to undergo an advance ‘glucose tolerance’ test. You will be asked to drink a liquid that contains glucose. Your blood will be drawn before you drink the liquid, and again after 30 - 60 minutes after you drink it. This will be done couple of times...
Words: 588 - Pages: 3
...usually at around 28 weeks or later many women are diagnosed with gestational diabetes (Pepe, 2004). It is a serious condition with health implications for mother and baby. Gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy (Sugaya, 2005). Pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high blood glucose (sugar) levels during pregnancy are said to have gestational diabetes. Based on recently announced diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes, it is estimated that gestational diabetes affects 18% of pregnancies (National Diabetes Data Group, 2009). According to WHO (2011), GDM affects 3-10% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied, and is growing in prevalence. The World Health Organization criteria as a guide to the severity of hyperglycemia, mentioned that there is a significant increases in the incidences of the more severe grades of GDM in parturient born in the Mediterranean region, Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Egypt, and Arabic countries. Babies born to mothers with GDM are at increased risk of problems typically such as being large for gestational age, low blood sugar, and jaundice (Khan, 2004). Women with GDM are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus after pregnancy (Gabbe, 2010). Up to one-third of affected women have diabetes or impaired glucose metabolism at their postpartum screening (Alberti...
Words: 1598 - Pages: 7
...Gestational Diabetes When a woman first receives the news of being pregnant from a home pregnancy test many things run through her mind. One of the most important thoughts should be who the obstetrician will be. Finding one a she likes and trust is also very important. Early and regular prenatal care is crucial to a healthy pregnancy. Between 24 and 28 weeks you will receive a glucose test which will be used to test for gestational diabetes. Women who have had gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies should be tested between 16 and 18 weeks. This test will consist of an initial 1 hour test and depending on the results you may have to do a longer 3 hour test. If the results come out positive, you will be diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes....
Words: 693 - Pages: 3
...Gestational diabetes happens when your body can’t make enough insulin during pregnancy. According to the website during pregnancy, your body makes more hormones and goes through other changes, such as weight gain. These changes cause your body’ cells to use insulin less effectively. My advice or action that are needed to help a woman with Gestational Diabetes reduce the risk of having these complications in her pregnancy would be, to lose some extra weight and increase physical activity levels before getting pregnant. She would also want to continue with activity during pregnancy. She would also want to eat healthy during pregnancy and not a lot of junk food. If she is unable to maintain the desired blood sugar levels with meal planning and...
Words: 450 - Pages: 2
...Gestational Diabetes can affect a pregnant mother within twenty-four weeks of pregnancy. Gestational Diabetes begins in a women’s body when the body doesn’t use enough insulin needed during a pregnancy. If a person doesn’t have enough insulin, glucose won’t be changed to energy. Without enough insulin, glucose cannot leave the blood and be changed to energy. Women need to be informed of all risks to include information on gestational diabetes before conceiving. They need to be presented with information to help them understand how to help prevent it and what to do if diagnosed with gestational diabetes. http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/gestational/what-is-gestational- Gestational Diabetes Analysis Gestational Diabetes only happens while a woman is pregnant. The placenta produces hormones and that can build up sugar in your blood. If your pancreas can not create enough insulin, and your blood levels are high, you are likely to get Gestational Diabetes. Some factors to consider with Gestational Diabetes; if a women is overweight before pregnancy, diabetes is common in their family, they have had gestational diabetes before, blood sugar levels are high and...
Words: 1048 - Pages: 5
...Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Diagnosis Gestational diabetes (gestational diabetes mellitus) is a temporary form of diabetes that some women develop during pregnancy. This usually occurs around weeks 24–28 of pregnancy. In gestational diabetes, one or both of these problems may be present: • The pancreas does not make enough of a hormone called insulin. • The cells in the body are less responsive to the insulin that is made (insulin resistance). Normally, insulin moves sugars (glucose) from food into tissue cells. The tissue cells use glucose for energy. Insulin resistance or lack of insulin causes excess glucose to build up in the blood instead of going into the tissue cells. As a result, high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) develops....
Words: 1097 - Pages: 5
...Case study – Gestational Diabetes and the effects it has on mothers and neonates As midwifery becomes more complicated and the numbers of women becoming pregnant, who present with or develop medical conditions which can impact on the health of themselves and their babies increases; it is important midwives are knowledgeable in order to recognise and help manage the risks and complications that may arise as a result of these conditions. Furthermore able to discuss these risks with expectant mothers and their families, to ensure women are able to make informed decisions about care which they receive, even if choices available to them are restricted as a result of the condition which they are suffering from. For this case study I have decided to explore diabetes and the affects it has on care mothers and their babies require antenatally, during the intrapartum period and postnatally. As 87.5% of pregnancies affected by diabetes are due to the development of gestational diabetes (NICE,2008) and therefore the most common type, I have decided to focus on gestational diabetes, although many of the guidelines put in place are similar when caring for women who have diabetes prior to becoming pregnant. With no previous medical experience prior to embarking on my midwifery degree, I had limited knowledge of gestational diabetes and the impact it can have on women physically and emotionally; especially if left undiagnosed or the care they receive is lacking. I wanted to gain a better...
Words: 1973 - Pages: 8
...to distinguish some pregnancy complications from all of the normal pregnancy-related changes in the body?! Gestational diabetes is a temporary type of diabetes and one of the most common pregnancy complications. Based on a 2014 global analysis by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes is as high as 9.2%." (1) Generally, this type of diabetes does not have a very noticeable symptoms or signs. Therefore, this essay will describe the main symptoms of gestational diabetes and discuss how it is diagnosed. There are a few mild symptoms of gestational diabetes...
Words: 629 - Pages: 3
...complications until pregnancy and the formation of gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes is a temporary form of diabetes that only affects pregnant women, which can lead to type two diabetes and an increase risk of childhood obesity. If gestational diabetes is left untreated, it could then lead to high levels of glucose. Research shows that doctors do not know the immediate cause of gestational diabetes and why it happens, but there are many theories or assumptions. According to the Consumer Health Complete, “hormones inhibit the function of insulin, thereby causing a rise in the mother’s blood glucose levels” (Mills). As a result, when the pancreas does not meet the amount of insulin that is demanded, this causes gestational...
Words: 1054 - Pages: 5
...Questions on that clinical are not in bold, answers are in bold and additional info are italics so we can dertermie what to plug in and make part of our presentations. 1. What test should be done to evalulate the patients glucose tolerance?...A glucose challenge screening will determine if a glucose tolerance test is needed. A glucose challenge is a test to evaluate how your body processes sugar. A high level in your blood may indicate that your body is not processing sugar effectively (positive test). If the results of this screen are positive, the woman may have the Glucose Tolerance Test performed. It is important to note that not all women who test positive for the Glucose Challenge Screening test are found to have diabetes upon further diagnosis. No preparation is required prior to the test. During the test, the mother is asked to drink a sweet liquid (glucose) and then will have blood drawn one hour from having the drink, as blood glucose levels normally peak within one hour. No fasting is required prior to this test. Prior to the test the glucose tolerance test, your doctor will ask you to make sure that you are eating at least 150mg of carbohydrates for three days prior to the time you will be asked to fast (about what you will get from a slice or two of bread). You will not be permitted to eat or drink anything but sips of water for 14 hours prior to the test, so it is best to schedule the test for first thing in the morning. Additionally, you should...
Words: 814 - Pages: 4
...had a reformed social security plan that includes personal retirement accounts?” As you develop a research question, remember that you need to research sources to support your topic. Do not pick a one-sided question that will limit your research. Instead, develop a research question that lends itself to further exploration and debate—a question you genuinely want to know the answer to. Try to pick a research question that is neither too broad (covering too much) or too narrow (covering too little). It should be broad enough to be discussed in a short research paper. Part 1: Complete the Research Plan |What is your general topic or area of interest? |My general topic or area of interest is the medical disease diabetes. | | | | |What is it about your general topic that interests you? |The way it affects your health and body is what interests me. | | | | |What questions do you have about the topic that you would like to|What causes your body to make little or no more insulin? | |investigate? List them....
Words: 971 - Pages: 4
...race/ethnicity? h. White i. Hispanic or Latino j. Black or African American k. Native American or American Indian l. Asian / Pacific Islander m. Other 4. What is your knowledge about Diabetes? n. I am very knowledgeable o. I am somewhat knowledgeable p. I have heard of the disease q. I know nothing 5. What is your knowledge about The American Diabetes Association (ADA)? Please select all that apply r. I do not know anything s. I have heard of the ADA t. I have been to their website u. I have attended an event v. I have volunteered for the ADA w. Other_____________________ 6. How are you personally affected by Diabetes? (Choose the one that most accurately describes you) x. I have Diabetes y. A direct family member has been diagnosed z. I know someone that has Diabetes {. I am a care-giver of someone that has Diabetes |. I have been informed by a medical professional that I am at risk for Diabetes }. I am personally not affected by Diabetes 7. If you have been diagnosed with Diabetes, what type do you have? ~. Type I . Type II . Gestational Diabetes . N/A 8. How would you categorize your involvement within the community? . Very involved . Somewhat involved . Rarely involved . Never involved 9. Have you ever participated in a fundraising/awareness...
Words: 454 - Pages: 2
...Diabetes Mellitus Quiz (Paper) Metformin is a good oral glycemic agent used for treatment of DM and new research from the US Diabetes Prevention Program ( DPP) shows that it can aid in delaying the onset of the disease when used in patients who are at high risk. Some of the high risk patients include those that are overweight or obese, have a family history, had gestational diabetes or are African American. The study uses 3 groups of people, a placebo group, a intensive lifestyle group and a metformin group. Appoximitely 3000 people have been used in this study and 85% of the original group study continued on in further studies. Approimitely 45% of the group were minorities ethnic backgrounds. Diabetis Mellitis (DM) is becoming more and more prevelant in our society. This article is about ways of helpng those at high risk of developing DM to reduce their risk of getting it or delay the onset. The main component of the article is the use of metformon to delay or reduce the risk of onset of DM. Research has shown that the use of metformin in those that are high risk for getting DM may delay the onset for as long as 15 years. If the patient takes metformin and increases their exercise and diet regimines then the chances of delaying the onset are even greater. Although intensive lifestyle changes still have the best chance for delaying the onset of DM, in the future Metformin may be used to delay the onset as well as for treatment of Diabetes. Did the article contain any additional...
Words: 1045 - Pages: 5
