...Your source for the latest research news Girls, boys with autism differ in behavior, brain structure Date: Source: Summary: September 3, 2015 Stanford University Medical Center A study of about 800 children with autism found gender differences in a core feature of the disorder, as well as in the youngsters' brain structures. Girls with autism display less repetitive and restricted behavior than boys do, according to the study. FULL STORY Girls with autism display less repetitive and restricted behavior than boys do, according to a study by researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine. The study also found that brain differences between boys and girls with autism help explain this discrepancy. The study, which will be published online Sept. 3 in Molecular Autism, gives the best evidence to date that boys and girls exhibit the developmental disorder differently. "We wanted to know which specific clinical manifestations of autism show significant gender differences, and whether patterns in the brain's gray matter could explain behavioral differences," said the study's senior author, Vinod Menon, PhD, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences. Knowledge of the difference could help clinicians better recognize and treat autism in both sexes, he added. "Understanding this is really quite crucial clinically." "We found strong evidence for gender differences in autism," said postdoctoral scholar Kaustubh Supekar, PhD, the study's lead author...
Words: 847 - Pages: 4
...Second, they want all boys feel they were treated equally, no matter they were more naughty or less. One thing we are sure is, we can not leave naughty boys like this and treat them really nice in order to make them happy but remain the problem; however, we can treat those less naughty boys harsher than they should receive in order to make them even better. To make the balance, to make students feel equal, teachers treat all boys the same, using the standard of the worse student. One big point is, teachers develop two separate system for boys and girls, as the first reason said, “boys” are going to bear more when they grow older, that’s the reason why they bear more now. Teachers labeling “boys should bear more and be more brave” to boys. Girls always get more rewards than boys, when they finish same almont of mission. When girls doing their homework, some of them do made mistakes. Compared with boys, if girls make mistakes on...
Words: 1099 - Pages: 5
...The Principals' Partnership http://www.principalspartnership.com/ Sponsored by Union Pacific Foundation Research Brief Brain-based Learning Question: What does brain-based research say about how adolescents learn? Summary of Findings: The 1990s was declared as the Decade of the Brain by President Bush and Congress. With the advancement of MRIs (Magnetic Resonance Imagining) and PET (positron emission tomography) scans, it has become much easier to study live healthy brains. As a result, the concept of "brain-based learning" and how to utilize it to meet the needs of students, has become an integral part of the current research and literature. The researchers caution when incorporating new information into the classroom, to use good sense about implementing what is known about good instructional practices. Major Conclusions: Basic Brain Information: The adolescent brain: • is a parallel processor-it talks to and communicates with both hemispheres • is pattern seeking-it looks for prior knowledge to which to connect new information • is naturally curious, looks for novelty and will embrace meaningful and complex investigations • is unique and thrives when given choices • takes in information in the immediate and peripheral environment • learns from an emotional base • learns when it feels physically and emotionally safe • learns information from whole-to part-to whole • learns best from a stimulating, however, not an over stimulating, environment, which is optimal for more...
Words: 2204 - Pages: 9
...perception of oneself as male or female", ( Feldman, 2011). Gender is established by the time a child reaches his or her preschool years. "By the age of two, children consistently label themselves and those around them as male or female" (Feldman, 2011). Preschoolers are very rigid in their beliefs about gender-appropriate behavior. These beliefs become more pronounced by the age of five years. By age seven years the beliefs are still there, although less rigid. Preschooler's ideas of stereotypical behavior are compared to those of traditional adults. Preschoolers develop a gender schema, "a cognitive framework that organizes information relevant to gender"(Feldman, 2011). For example, a preschool boy may refuse to wear makeup in a school play because he knows that makeup is for girls only. In 1966, Lawrence Kohlberg proposed a cognitive-developmental theory, which explains the rigidity of preschoolers as their understanding of gender, and gender appropriate behavior (Feldman, 2011). Shuvo Ghosh states that the development of gender identity "clearly begins in the intrauterine stage". He attributes this to hormone production and surges during the development of the fetus. Initially, all human fetuses appear to be female. During the eighth week of development, fetuses with the testes determining factor (TDF), begin to develop testicles. This is in part due to the surge of testosterone that takes place. "Further progression toward the eventual male phenotype occurs as antimullerian...
Words: 3635 - Pages: 15
...as male or female. Sex is determined by genetic makeup, internal reproductive organs, the organization of the brain, and external genitalia. The behavior of individuals as males or females, the types of roles they assume, and their personality characteristics, may be just as important as a person's biological framework. In order to differentiate between biological features one may take into consideration behaviors and social roles to establish "gender." Sex and gender are often intertwined, and certain social expectations can be attributed to one’s biological sex. The sex of a newborn sets the agenda for a whole array of developmental experiences that will influence the person throughout his or her life. Overall, the sex differences between boys and girls in the first year of life are minimal. Boys may be a bit more active or fussier and girls more physically mature and less prone to physical problems, but that may be the extent of the significant differences. Mothers have a tendency to ignore more of their son's emotional outbursts in comparison to their daughters' outbursts. Boys may be rough-housed or played with in a more aggressive manor as well. This goes in line with stereotyping males as more hardy or tough and girls as gentle and soft. A parent can influence their child into these gender roles by the way they discipline. They may be harder on a boy than a girl for the exact same behavior. "Children see what their parents do. Children learn when they try to imitate their...
Words: 1796 - Pages: 8
...Daniel Hamablet PSY 203 Objective 1 Summary 9/16/14 Past, Present, and Promise * Psychology- The scientific study of the behavior of individuals and of their mental processes. * Psychologists- Try to use their research to predict and in some cases control behavior. * For many, to study behavior is the assumption that it's an outer sign of an inner reality * However psychological researchers study activities of a wide variety of living creatures, not just humans. * Even minor insignificant behavior can hold important information about general psychological functions, such as cues about how we process information * Psychologists preformed an experiment of how adolescent female students react to a new handsome male teacher and compared their reactions to how adolescent boys would react to an attractive female teacher * The boys and girls shared the same reaction. * Psychologists try to make sense of specific behaviors by relating observed behavior to certain aspects of the individual involved and the situation in which the behavior occurred. * Dispositional factors- Personality traits, attitudes, and mental state- internal characteristics and potentials * Situational factors- Sensory stimulation, rewards or the actions of other people. -External factors, objects and things. -come from the environment in which behavior takes place * Electroencephalograms (EEG's)- Recordings of the brain's electrical activity * An even related...
Words: 424 - Pages: 2
...Sex and gender I) Summary the video Some people wonder whether gender is genetically based or they just learn 2 be feminine or masculine. It is very important to know what gender we are since birth because each of us has very perceptions of what each sex is like, how they should be treated, and even what value they have for society. Therefore, sex is the most basic way in which we categorize people throughout their lives. There are differences between two genders at birth which are biologically congenital, universal, and essentially reproductive. As we know, males and females are different in sexual organs, genes and hormones. While daughters are described as beautiful, delicate, and weak, sons seem strong, coordinated and alert despite no differences between them in weight, health and strength. What makes sex categorization significant goes beyond the biological characteristics. Gender is different cultural definitions of masculinity and femininity, different expectations and experiences, and psychological and social meanings attached to the categories of male and female. We define women or men by their sexual organs, the way they behave, how they look and dress, what they are supposed to do in order to be acceptable and appropriate and what roles they are allowed to do. Gender roles, as basic as femininity and masculinity, are two sets of traits and behaviors to distinguish men and women and based on socially-prescribed expectations about ideal sexual...
Words: 1819 - Pages: 8
...“The Princess Paradox” Summary In his article “The Princess Paradox,” James Poniewozik, a writer who focuses on feminine topics, discusses his information about Cinderella, which he expresses her as practical and dressy. (323). Generally, Poniewozik explains how Cinderella has influenced society through movies, young girls, and has created a desire for the fairy tale romance. Poniewozik begins explaining about parents and their daughter regarding Halloween (323). Even though a young girl without the traditional Barbie dolls, that is more “tomboy,” may even want to dress up as a princess to celebrate the fall holiday (323). Poniewozik claims young girls desire to be princesses due to the Cinderella themed movies today. Then later on in his...
Words: 388 - Pages: 2
...Introduction Most of the time, physical abuse is not recognize by peoples as a serious problem. Physical abuse occurs when someone physically hurts you, such as by hitting you or throwing something at you. Even if someone only hits you once or doesn't hurt you that badly, it is a big deal. It may be not so serious because it seems they’re not badly hurt, but what the people doesn’t know is they are causing harm, a serious harm to that people they hurt physically.Abuse tends to escalate, putting you at greater risk in the future. Just one incident of being physically hurt by anyone is unacceptable, and you should take steps to stop the abuse. They cause harm in the sense that that even small hurting can cause hidden scars, Hidden scars which are formed by the emotional and psychological wounds. This Hidden scars is manifested by almost all of the people specifically during their teenage years. All parents want a disciplined and well behaved child. However, there are times when a parent loses control or simply has no control over their child. This is when simple parenting crosses the line and becomes emotional abuse. Emotional abuse is elusive. Unlike physical abuse, the people doing it and receiving it may not even know it is happening. It can be more harmful than physical abuse because it can undermine what we think about ourselves. It can cripple all we are meant to be as we allow something untrue to define us. Emotional abuse can happen between parent and child, husband...
Words: 13520 - Pages: 55
...GS text for a. an answer to an examination question, b. an opening paragraph of an assignment, or c. a background (or scene-setting) paragraph to an analysis or discussion begins with one of the following a. a short or extended definition, b. a contrastive or comparative definition, or c. a generalization or purpose statement General statement – More specific detail – Specific detail – Broader statement “Writing passage begins with a definition; definitions are a common way of getting started. (unfamiliar reader – used to clarify terms / familiar reader – expected you to demonstrate your understanding of complex concepts) Sentence Definition; To what class does (Definition) belong? How is it different / would you define? (Compare / Cause) A term is (a) class wh-word/that specific detail. Indefinite article / before both the term and class Ex) Annealing is a metalworking process / A star is a celestial body A disinfectant is an/the agent capable of destroying disease causing microorganisms. An; it does not refer to a particular representative. The; indentifies or describes the term, some previous mention of other agents. The distinguishing information in the restrictive relative clause - one involves a simple deletion / the other involves a change in word form or an entire word. 1) Enamel, in dentistry, is a hard, white inorganic material (that is) on the crown of a tooth. : the verb to be 2) A collagen is a white, inelastic protein (that...
Words: 5740 - Pages: 23
...Example: p, b, d Pad, bat, bad. Pragmatics: A branch that deals with language and contexts. Example: Taking turns in a conversation. ___________________________________________________________________ Talking Baby Summary: I learned in this video that babies that babble aren’t actually speaking. It really doesn’t mean anything. If a baby says something over again like “ma ma ma” It is known as babbling. Babies might repeat what someone says. Like if the mother says “baba” then the baby will say “ba ba ba” I also learned that deaf babies can babble in sign language. Sometimes they don’t even sign language, they just learn from what the parents are doing. The 2 year old Symone sign language and spoke at the same time. Born to talk Summary: Well I learned in this video that even though s child doesn’t even know what past tense means, they can still say a word in past tense. If the child hears a conversation, their brain will develop the skills needed to used past tense. The little boy was asked what did the plain just do, he said fly instead of flew. But the little girl that was told a story about a picture, she could say some of the past tense things like gave, but she said bringed instead of brought because of the rules. If only they could talk Summary: I thought this video was amazing because animals can communicate without words. Like the first animal, Hammy the pig. He could identify objects like a ball and Frisbee with hand movements and signs. The owner made the...
Words: 444 - Pages: 2
...an incident at school she has been unable to interact with people outside of her immediate family with experiencing panic. Her recovery time nearly doubles when she meets a boy whotakes the time to help her. This book is called Finding Audrey, this is significant because anyone who's ever had any sort of mental illness or disorder knows that you never really feel like your self. You feel as if you’re are in a perpetual state of purgatory just waiting for things to get better. The main idea is that Audrey is trying to overcome her illness, and reconnect with herself. She was isolated from the world and nearly her family in the worst parts of her anxiety, and she lost herself. Moreover, you’re not yourself with any mental illness, and Audrey just wanted to be herself again. My first thought of Audrey was that she was awkward, even in her own home where she was supposed to be comfortable. She loves her family but not herself and she wants to get better and make them proud of her. Kinsella makes this clear when she writes Audrey going out of her comfort zone to try to make progress in her...
Words: 551 - Pages: 3
...abortion on feeling and religion but there are many scientific facts that abortion is the killing of a human life; therefore, abortion is immoral and unethical. It has been proven that life begins upon conception. According to Stephanie Watson's article "How Pregnancy Works", "The sperm and egg merge to form a little single-celled organism called a zygote, which consists of the 23 chromosomes for the man's sperm and the 23 chromosomes from the female's egg. These chromosomes will determine the baby's hair color, eye color and whether the baby will be a boy or girl." An American Life League article titled "Abortion" goes on to explain that by the first week "implantation into his mother's uterus begins and all the while he continues to grow. As his cells multiply, they differentiate to perform specific functions: circulatory, muscular, neural and skeletal." At three weeks the embryo's heart begins to beat and its heart, brain, spinal column, and nervous system are almost complete and his eyes begin to form. A woman is not fully aware that she is pregnant until around the fourteenth day when she misses her...
Words: 1112 - Pages: 5
...ROSKILDE UNIVERSITY 2005 HOMOSEXUALITY Joanna Barnecka Kinga Karp Mie Lollike Psychology, Modul Autumn Semester 2005 Group Number 107 Supervisor: Bettina Hjortholt Characters: 106.189 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 2 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. 2 MOTIVATION.............................................................................................................. 3 PROBLEM DEFINITION ............................................................................................... 4 CARDINAL QUESTION ................................................................................................ 4 SUB-QUESTIONS ......................................................................................................... 4 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION TO THE TERM HOMOSEXUALITY .................................... 6 THEORETICAL BACKGROUNDS FOR UNDERSTANDING HOMOSEXUALITY................................................................................................... 9 HOMOSEXUALITY FROM A BEHAVIOURISTIC POINT OF VIEW ................................ 10 HOMOSEXUALITY FROM A BIOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW ....................................... 16 HOMOSEXUALITY FROM A PSYCHODYNAMIC POINT OF VIEW....
Words: 16665 - Pages: 67
...Development of the social brain during adolescence Sarah-Jayne Blakemore Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK Adolescence is usually defined as the period of psychological and social transition between childhood and adulthood. The beginning of adolescence, around the onset of puberty, is characterized by large hormonal and physical changes. The transition from childhood to adulthood is also characterized by psychological changes in terms of identity, self-consciousness, and cognitive flexibility. In the past decade, it has been demonstrated that various regions of the human brain undergo development during adolescence and beyond. Some of the brain regions that undergo particularly protracted development are involved in social cognitive function in adults. In the first section of this paper, I briefly describe evidence for a circumscribed network of brain regions involved in understanding other people. Next, I describe evidence that some of these brain regions undergo structural development during adolescence. Finally, I discuss recent studies that have investigated social cognitive development during adolescence. The first time Uta Frith made an impression on me was when I was 15. That year I was given a copy of her book Autism: Explaining the Enigma (U. Frith, 1989), which had recently been published. I knew nothing about autism and found Uta’s book captivating. It inspired me to write to its author and ask if I could...
Words: 6434 - Pages: 26
