...The ozone hole is a man-made hole in the ozone layer above the South Pole during the Southern Hemisphere’s spring. The ozone layer, which lies high up in the atmosphere, shields us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays that come from the sun. Unfortunately we punched a hole in it, through the use of gases like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in spray cans and refrigerants, which break down ozone molecules in the upper atmosphere. While some of the sun’s UV rays slip through the hole, they account for less than one percent of the sun’s energy. So these UV rays cannot explain the global warming of the planet. The sun's output of UVB does not change; rather, less ozone means less protection, and hence more UVB reaches the Earth. Studies have shown that in the Antarctic, the amount of UVB measured at the surface can double during the annual ozone hole. The Earth's ozone layer protects all life from the sun's harmful radiation. Less protection from ultraviolet light will, over time, lead to higher skin cancer and cataract rates and crop damage. “Global warming” refers to the long-term warming of the planet. Global temperature shows a well-documented rise since the early 20th century and most notably since the late 1970s. Worldwide, since 1880 the average surface temperature has gone up by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), relative to the mid-20th-century baseline (of 1951-1980). References http://climate.nasa.gov/effects/ http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htm...
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...Between Global Warming and the Hole In The Ozone Global warming and the hole in the ozone layer are two topics that are frequently debated in the scientific community. After researching the two phenomena I feel that they are both very closely related, but I do not feel that one is the main cause for the other or that they share the same main cause. As far as the two producing the same effect, I do believe there may be some credibility in that theory. The hole in the ozone layer is caused mainly by the use of chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, which are most prominently found in aerosol based products, and halon which was produced mainly for use in fire extinguishers up until 1994. The two chemicals in CFCs that are most detrimental to the ozone layer are chlorine and bromine. Although the chemicals in CFCs are considered to be potent greenhouse gasses, they are not found in the atmosphere in a high enough concentration to be considered a main cause of the hole in the ozone layer. (Lindsey, 2010) Halon was produced for use in fire extinguishers until 1994 when the Clean Air Act banned the production of new halon. It was banned because there was no cost effective way to safely and effectively dispose of it and it was also proven to be harmful to the ozone layer. Halon is still used in fire extinguishers today, but all halon based extinguishers are now produced with 100% recycled halon. (CleanAgents, Inc. 2015) I do not feel that the hole in the ozone layer is the cause of global warming...
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...Ozone is a gas found in the upper atmosphere and at ground level of the Earth’s surface. Ozone will mainly be found in two regions of the Earth’s atmosphere closer to our Earth. About 10% of Ozone is found in the region that starts from ground level of the earth known as the troposphere. According to scientific research findings this region of the earth’s atmosphere (troposphere) contains ozone that could be either good or bad depending on how closer it is to the surface of the Earth. The principle of ozone to nearer earth is that ozone is ‘’good up high’’ and ‘’bad nearby’’. Most of the ozone, that is, about 90% is found in the next atmosphere called stratosphere which starts about 10 and 17 kilometres above the Earth’s surface and extending up to about 50 kilometres. Generally Ozone gas is beneficial to human and other life on earth. It is ‘’chemically reactive oxidizing agent that is used as an air purifier, a water steriliser, and a bleaching agent’’. The Ozone in the stratosphere region forms what is known as the Ozone layer. Chemically ozone gas with a formula (O3) is formed from molecular oxygen (O2) in the stratosphere at an attitude of about 25km by the action of ultraviolet frequency photons .The formula O3 for ozone gas means the ‘’ozone molecules consists of three actions of oxygen arranged in the shape of wide V’’ .Scientific research also indicate that the ‘’name ozone is derived from the Greek word ozein, which means to smell or reek’’. THE IMPORTANCE OF OZONE...
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...2 Research Paper 1: Global Warming During the last fifty years, two environmental issues have received significant attention: global warming and the hole in the ozone layer. As scientists have investigated these two environmental phenomena some have made some effort to show that these two effects are somehow related. In this research paper I will further elaborate on their relationship. Ozone high in the atmosphere absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun, thereby protecting living organisms below from this dangerous radiation. The term ‘ozone hole’ refers to recent depletion of this protective layer over Earth's Polar Regions. People, plants, and animals living under the ozone hole are harmed by the solar radiation now reaching the Earth's surface—where it causes health problems from eye damage to skin cancer. In the 1980s, scientists discovered that the ozone layer was thinning in the lower stratosphere, with particularly dramatic ozone loss known as the ozone hole in the Antarctic springtime. This is caused by increasing concentrations of ozone-depleting chemicals in the stratosphere that come from spray cans and refrigerants. These long-lived chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs (chemical compounds with chlorine and/or fluorine attached to carbon) remain in the atmosphere for decades to over a century depending on the CFC. At the poles CFCs attach to ice particles. When the sun comes out again in the polar spring, the ice particles melt, releasing the ozone-depleting molecules...
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...Ozone Layer Depletion: Effects and Causes of Ozone Depletion Ozone is a colorless gas found in the upper atmosphere of the Earth and formed by the action of ultraviolet radiation on oxygen. Ozone forms a layer in the stratosphere, which protects life on Earth from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Ads by Google Olay Total Effects 1 Bottle Fights 7 Signs of Ageing, Try Olay Total Effects Today! www.olay.in Today, one of the most discussed and serious environmental issues is the ozone layer depletion, the layer of gas that forms a protective covering in the Earth's upper atmosphere. Ozone is formed when oxygen molecules absorb ultraviolet photons and undergo a chemical reaction known as photo dissociation or photolysis, where a single molecule of oxygen breaks down to two oxygen atoms. The free oxygen atom (O), then combines with an oxygen molecule (O2) and forms a molecule of ozone (O3). The ozone molecules, in turn absorb ultraviolet rays between 310 to 200 nm wavelength and thereby prevent these harmful radiations from entering the Earth's atmosphere. In the process, ozone molecules split up into a molecule of oxygen and an oxygen atom. The oxygen atom (O) again combines with the oxygen molecule (O2) to regenerate an ozone (O3) molecule. Thus, the total amount of ozone is maintained by this continuous process of destruction and regeneration. Ozone layer depletion first captured the attention of the whole world in the later half of 1970 and since then, many discussions...
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...Global Warming During the last 50 years, two environmental issues have received significant attention—global warming and the hole in the ozone layer. As scientists have investigated these two environmental phenomena, some have made some effort to show that these two effects are somehow related. The rate at which global warming is occurring is a controversial subject among scientists. Because scientists have been studying the earth’s weather patterns for only the last century or two, it is difficult to make an accurate comparison of the recent weather data to the overall weather patterns of a planet that has existed for millions of years. Consequently, it is hard to know whether rising temperatures are a cyclical phenomenon or a trend that could have devastating effects on our planet. Very simply, global warming may be thought of as excess heat being trapped near the surface of the earth. Think about how hot a car becomes while parked in the sun on a summer day. The inside of the car is hotter than the surrounding air because the glass of the windshield allows the electromagnetic waves from the sun to pass into the car but does not allow the resultant heat to pass back out. In a similar manner, the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas, etc.) produces a layer of gases (commonly referred to as the greenhouse gases) that acts like the windshield of a car. This layer of gases allows the electromagnetic waves from the sun to pass through but does not allow the heat from...
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...Global Warming, aside from pollution is one of the populations biggest concerns. Global Warming is caused by the Greenhouse effect. As mater of fact there are four steps in the Greenhouse effect. The first one is Sunlight radiates from the sun, through space, to Earth/-Es atmosphere. Number two is the sunlight enters the atmosphere and hits Earth. A small portion of it turns into heat energy in the form of infrared light. The heat gets absorbed by surrounding air and land, which in turn makes it warm. Number three infrared rays that are remitted, into the atmosphere are trapped by greenhouse gases. Number four the gas then absorbs the light and is remitted back to the Earth/-Es surface and warms it even more. Some of the naturally occurring greenhouse gases are Methane and carbon dioxide. This is the way the Earth keeps itself warm enough for mammals to live on it. The only problem with this is that humans enhance the process even more. Over the One Hundred and fifty years the emissions of greenhouse gases have been increasing due to the increase in technology that humans have developed (example, factories, Automobiles). These human- induced gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone depleting substances such as CFCs, also known as Chlorofluorocarbons, hydro fluorocarbons, and per fluorocarbons, These gases are generated a number of human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, waste disposal in landfills, the use of refrigerator, numerous agricultural...
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...The Study of Chlorofluorocarbons | | | | | | Prepared by: Ana Cloriana Bonan Harlene Buenavista Blanch Marie Gueco Angel Kazumi Sioson Gian Micah Cesa PROBLEM: How do CFCs products such as refrigerants, aerosols, and plant factory emissions affect the status of the ozone layer in the atmosphere? HYPOTHESIS: CFC strongly contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere. OBJECTIVES: * To measure the amount of CFCs release from refrigerants, aerosols, emissions of factories and other products and materials that contain CFCs. * To determine the degree of CFCs in the ozone layer. * To quantify the percentage between different elements and chemicals that CFC contain. CHLOROFLUOROCARBON Significance of the Study This study will contribute to scientific research as statistical data about chlorofluorocarbons. As a further matter, it will give more ideas on how to promote vigorous conditions in the ecosystem in order to raise awareness of imminent dangers of using chlorofluorocarbons. It will help us how to fathom/understand the situations of some hurdles in the environment that might cause by CFCs. It will also assist folk on how they will grasp the drawbacks of the chemicals usage by being well-informed about it. They will be more clued in about being detrimental of the matter as well. Nevertheless, this study will furnish information concerning the substance which can cause complications...
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...The topic of Global Warming has been a main topic for discussion for many years now. Most people know that the question is whether global warming is a natural cycle or whether it is caused or triggered by human activity. Different scientists have different opinions on this topic and have gone to great lengths in trying to find the most accurate answer. Some say there is a natural cycle out there and that earth’s temperatures increase due to a natural path that is perfectly normal. The fact is that earth left the natural path a long time ago. The past few decades the increase in temperatures all over the world have been way off the charts from years past according to an article by Alex Morales. Temperatures have been skyrocketing and scientists have no other explanation other than to say that human activity is the main cause of climate change to this point. Humans are the main cause of global warming and climate change. It really isn’t hard to see, yet most scientists won’t totally agree on this answer proven many times over. Humans always use nasty chemicals and gases in their basic everyday lives. The main gas is carbon dioxide that is released when humans drive their cars. This was stated in the article, “Final Report: Humans caused global warming”, by David Biello. Anyone can see that there is being a lot of this gas being released up into our atmosphere. This is in turn, is heating the planet at a much quicker rate than normally and making our temperatures...
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...Global Warming and the Ozone It is my opinion that the phenomena occurring with Global Warming and the Ozone layer are actually two separate events and issues with minute indirect results. Much like if an increase in drivers and an increase in drinkers occurs does that coincidentally mean that an increase in drunk drivers is inevitable? The answer is no, though the two separate events are a part of the same issue they are not entirely related and one cannot be fixed by the other. In 1985 scientists discovered that our ozone layer or “protective barrier” in the atmosphere was depleting in a particular spot. After much research it was determined that this “hole” was being caused by a chemical reaction with the ozone and chlorine-containing gasses. This prompted a near international ban on all man made products that produced such gasses and we have spent years, and millions of dollars developing alternatives to replace these. In 1998 a graph of our current global temperature was published a scientist known as Mr. Mann. This graph was used as a model for temperature changes and when utilized to predict the future it shows a rapid increase in temperature to an exponential and uncontrollable degree, otherwise known as the “hockey stick”. Our governments and scientists leapt to the issue with the ozone layer and have constructed a unsubstantiated scientific theory that suggests humans utilization or and creation of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide is directly linked...
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...that the Environmental Protection Agency must regulate the carbon dioxide produced from cars and trucks in the United States. She goes on to say that, “[t]he climatic changes caused by the Global Warming are due to greenhouse gases and the responsibility of EPA is to regulate pollutants under the Clean Air Act” (Marris). This article provides support and evidence to show the serious effect car emission has on the earth. It is evident that car emission is the leading cause of global warming, a problem that can be addressed through being responsible. Although global warming is a highly disputed topic, certain pieces of hard evidence make the problem difficult to ignore. In 2000, more than three hundred NASA scientists published a report: NASA scientists directly correlate global warming with the cooling stratosphere and the depletion of the ozone. Global warming does not necessarily mean only warmer temperatures. The stratosphere is sensitive to temperature and the atmosphere tends to migrate due to variations. Areas with an active stratosphere will experience warmer temperatures as areas with an inactive stratosphere will be cooler. The world on a whole, US being only 2%, has experienced nine of the hottest years ever in just the last ten years (2000). Every morsel of proof that global warming is real can be traced back to car emission as its...
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...The real risk with global warming is if it accelerates too quickly that will not be able to respond fast enough to control it. Carbon dioxide has increased greatly in the Earth’s atmosphere since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.The question is can it be reversed, the answer to the question is yes. This is how, first lower the usage of energy, second increase the efficiency of energy used and, thirdly look at solutions like carbon capture and storage. Since there are a lot more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which is producing infrared radiation, to help the situation the scientists needs to capture the carbon particles. Plants take some of the carbon from the atmosphere, so another solution is to plant more trees and other plants to make up for the amount of carbon. The unnecessary deforestation has to stop to help reverse the effects of global warming. The scientists is trying to figure out how to reflect the sunlight from the earth,to help reduce the amount of energy the earth from the...
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...GLOBAL WARMING The Ozone Layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun protecting all living organisms below from the dangerous radiation. The Ozone Hole is an area of weakness or depletion in the protective cover of the Ozone Layer over the North and South Pole. Scientist discovered in the 1980’s that the ozone layer was thinning at an alarming rate. This phenomenon was caused by chemicals that came from spray cans and refrigerants or in other words, CFC’s (chemical compounds with chlorine and fluorine attached to a carbon0. These chemicals can remain in our atmosphere for decades breaking down our ozone layer. The people, animals and plants that live under the weakening of the ozone layer have an increased chance of radiation poisoning from the sun where it reaches the surface of the earth and can cause eye damage and skin damage, etc. The Ozone Hole is not the cause of Global Warming. The radiation from the sun only accounts for 1% of the energy from the sun and not enough to cause an increase in heat. The increase in temperature comes from the release of too much carbon into our atmosphere from coal, gas and oil burned to generate electricity or to fuel our cars and planes. These gases spread around the Earth like a blanket, capturing the solar heat that is supposed to radiate out into space. It is the reverse of a Volcano that erupts and sends out ash into the atmosphere. This ash can reflect the solar hear away from the surface causing temperatures to plummet. The...
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...Only Time Will Tell Global warming is a topic that is affecting our world today at an alarming rate. We are seeing drastic temperature increase, receding polar ice caps, depleting ozone layers and habitat destruction. These things are all major issues that have become increasingly important because of global warming and there are numbers to prove that this is not just a hoax like some people believe. Increasing levels of Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere are raising the average temperatures on earth. Receding polar ice caps and rising water levels are destroying habitats for many creatures like the polar bear and other Arctic animals, and even are going to begin to destroy our own communities and space for living because there will be less land. Deforestation is also crippling animal populations in the tropics and forests are being destroyed at an alarming rate. All of these things are major issues that fit into global warming and these things must change if we wish to not destroy this planet. One of the major causes of global warming is the emission of greenhouse gases. The main gas that is responsible for global warming is Carbon Dioxide (CO2). This gas is emitted from various things, mainly from the burning of fossil fuels, energy production and factories. It is because of the Industrial Revolution, the burning of fossil fuels became central to the drive of economies. Starting in England in the late 18th century, factories began...
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...Environmental Problem | How it is caused | Problems it creates | Global Warming | Global warming is caused when greenhouse gases get released from animals and our everyday needs and jobs (like car emissions and hair spray). Some of the gases get trapped in the atmosphere and act as a blanket, trapping heat and warmth in the planet. The rest of the gases get through the ozone layer which then won’t cause any more damage to the ozone layer and cause won’t global warming to get even worse. When we burn fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas all of the carbon dioxide produced gets released into the atmosphere and makes the ozone layer thicker and the planet warmer. | Global warming creates lots of problems and changes to the way that we live. Some of the problems are drought so in lots of areas the water in lakes and rivers will get lower and in small streams dry out. Another problem is increased number of storms because the warmer the water in the oceans the more energy that is going into the tropical storms making them stronger causing flooding, erosion and higher sea levels resulting in islands disappearing under the water like it was never there. Another problem is that the ice caps are melting because the temperature is rising and that resulting in some arctic animals becoming extinct already or in the near future. | Photochemical Smog | Photochemical smog is caused by nitrogen oxide and other organic compounds produced from traffic, high temperatures, sunshine and calm...
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