...Chevron Faces Lawsuit Globalization, as defined by Guillén in our textbook, is a “Process fueled by, and resulting in, increasing cross-boarder flows of goods, services, money, people, information, and culture” (as quoted in Sanabria). Chevron, an American corporation, is a perfect example of how globalization can allow a company to increase in size continually. Their headquarters are located in San Ramon, California but they have been active in many countries around the world including: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. With the help of globalization, Chevron has been able to expand their organization and become the sixteenth largest corporation in the world (DeCarlo). Last December, however, the Brazilian government filed an $11 billion lawsuit against Chevron over an oil-spill that took place off its coast in November. The spill was comparable, by some, to one that took place in 2010, which flowed into the Gulf of Mexico continuously for three months. Although, another article that I found mentions that it was only 0.1 percent (3,000 barrels) of what was spilt into the Gulf of Mexico (PR Newswire). Regardless of the amount of the spill, the Brazilian government is taking action because they are not happy with how Chevron has handled the situation. In addition to the negative impact the spill has had, Chevron has also been said to “have downplayed” the spill. They have made it seem as if it’s not an issue at all. Many Brazilian environmental agencies...
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...lumber industry, this industry has skills, technologies, and methods of operation that are adaptable to different temperatures, soil, humidity, labour skills, and economic conditions. Furthermore, after careful research that looks into the different aspects of the two cities location determinists, entry modes, exporting, globalization, transportation, and foreign direct investment. According to World Guides (2015), the exporting route on the Atlantic Ocean from the Amazon River to the harbour in Belem is an important piece in Brazil’s importing and exporting system. Therefore, due to the frequency of the imports and exports coming through the waters of Belem, this city must maintain a good level of infrastructure standard for roads to get the exports to and from the loading dock and to their desired destination in order to maintain a quality service that will keep exports up. The Para and Belem History (2013), states that Belem started expanding on the development of roads to help accommodate and direct the busy flow of people and the vehicles containing various goods that were coming to and from the river port. Road building promoted the use of the Belem/ Amazon River route for importing and exporting goods. Also, during the time of road construction, Belem began constructing buildings to create a foundation for the growing city and developing communities (2013). The development of roads and buildings is an important contributor to the lumber industry because the trucks that...
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...Global Business Cultural Analysis: Brazil Liberty University BUSI 604 Abstract This research paper analyzes the effect of Globalization on the country of Brazil, and how its economy compares to other South American countries and the world. This review will provide factual evidence of the integration of the Brazilian products internationally, and how its economy has evolved to compete in the international markets. A Comparative summary of evidence will be provided in this analysis between the business culture of Brazil, North American, Central America, the Caribbean, and other South American countries economic framework. The framework of the origins of Brazil, and to the progression of the nation into one of the top economies; will be discussed in this assignment. A small glimpse of the picturesque country will be provided in the form of pictures, to give the reader a greater ability to visualize this country and its inhabitance. The major elements and dimension of culture is reviewed, and these dimensions are; what the major elements and dimensions of culture are in this region; how these elements and dimensions are integrated by the locals conducting business in this region; how these cultures and dimensions compare with U.S. cultures and business; and what the implications are for U.S. businesses that wish to conduct business in that region. This paper will review some of the desires of Brazil’s government to be one of the world’s leading...
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...What impact has neoliberalism had on world politics? Neoliberalism is an economic philosophy that rose in prominence from the eighties following the elections of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan. Jones, Parker and Bos (2005: 100) summarise the essence of this view as “markets good, governments bad”. Neoliberalism argues that free trade is beneficial to all nations, that governments create inefficiency and waste, and that the distribution of goods should therefore be left to individuals and firms competing in the market to maximise their utility (WHO 2010). To ensure an efficient allocation of resources, neoliberalists argue for widespread liberalisation i.e. the reduction of rules and restrictions, and the privatisation of public enterprises. However, the reality of Neoliberalism has been very different to the theory. Regulation provides the framework within which markets work and enables the moderation of the externalities they produce, thus deregulation was in fact limited and was quickly followed by regulation (Levi-Faur 2005: 13). Because of this, Polanyi (in Peck, 2010: 330) writes: “the road to a free market was opened and kept open by an enormous increase in continuous, centrally organized and controlled interventionism”. In this essay, I look at the impacts of Neoliberalism on World Politics, focusing on two in particular. Firstly I explain that the policies of liberalisation and privatisation, albeit supported by regulation, have led to increasing inequality...
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...“country of the moment” as many called. Low cost manufacturing, develop infrastructure, government incentives, and increase of income levels has set Brazil as hot stop for investor and a secure place for international expansions. Not only a hot stop for investor, but also a homeland of many entrepreneurs going out of the national barriers and growing internationally in a remarkable way. With rising of wages, a stability of inflation, Brazilian population is getting richer. In the last couple years, that was increase of the wealth population and a significant improvement of the middle and low class purchase power, resulting in growing of the country and putting new challenges for local business thinking of going to other countries. Not surprising, Brazilians are spending more in many different market segments, one of them cosmetics, fragrances, and personal hygiene. In 2010, with an impressive 12% growing of the cosmetic market, Brazil became the second largest consumer of cosmetics in the world just behind United States. According the ABIHPEC, Brazilian Association of cosmetics, fragrances, and personal hygiene, the market of these products has grown substantially over the past 15 years. Exports grew 17.8% in 2010, reaching $ 693 million, versus $ 588 million in 2009. Imports of these products to Brazil also increased, reaching U.S. $ 696 million from $ 456 million in 2009 (increase of 52.6%). In 2010 the sector accounted for 4.282 million job opportunities, maintaining an average...
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...Trade occurs when citizens from one country can buy from another country or sell to another country what they can produce. This allows a country to specialize in the manufacture and export of products that can be produced most efficiently in that country. Trade between Bangladesh and India is playing a vital role in both the countries’ economy. This report will give you some idea about the current scenarios of the trade between these two countries. To complete this report we have tried to analyze different strategies these two countries have been following. Here we discussed the trade theories. We also tried to analyze how the macro environmental factor affects this trade, the effects of the WTO policies, and the strategic management of this type of trade and also the international human resource management in these two countries. Today’s trade scenarios are also described here. The description of all the above-summarized information is written in the report from which one might be able to get a good idea about the Trade between Bangladesh & India. Contents Si. No. | Topics | Page No. | 01. | Introduction | | 02. | Product Brief | | 03. | Company Brief | | 04. | Country Information | | 05. | Economic Analysis | | 06. | Political and Legal Analysis | | 07. | Cultural Analysis | | | | | INTRODUCTION Our respected teacher Mr. Reyad Ahmed Chowdhury asked us to select two countries to make...
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...The Globalization of Food Culture The term “food culture” describes the entire cultural landscape of nutrition; everything that has anything to do with the way we eat, what we eat and where we eat. What we seldom realize are all the aspects food influences or is influenced by: “Food is used to: 1. Satisfy hunger and nourish the body. 2. Initiate and maintain personal and business relationships. 3. Demonstrate the nature and extent of relationships. 4. Provide a focus for communal activities. 5. Express love and caring. 6. Express individuality. 7. Proclaim the separateness of a group. 8. Demonstrate belongingness to a group. 9. Cope with psychological or emotional stress. 10. Reward or punish. 11. Signify social status. 12. Bolster self-esteem and gain recognition. 13. Wield political and economic power. 14. Prevent, diagnose and threat physical illness. 15. Prevent, diagnose an treat psychological illness. 16. Symbolize emotional experiences. 17. Display piety. 18. Represent security. 19. Express moral sentiments. 20. Signify wealth.“ “Biological and cultural functions of food”, Fieldhouse, P., Food & Nutrition. Custom & Culture, New York 1986, “Preface Many of those points relate to globalization and diversity issues. Today in many countries we have a seemingly endless variety of foods to choose from: Beef from Brazil, Kiwis from New Zealand and Californian Asparagus. This all year round availability has an often underestimated impact on local, or should I say...
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...THE EMERGENCE OF BRAZIL AND ITS EDUCATION SYSTEM The Emergence of Brazil and Its Education System Chris, Keala, Monique Chaminade University THE EMERGENCE OF BRAZIL AND ITS EDUCATION SYSTEM 2 The Emergence of Brazil and Its Education System With increasing economic growth and widespread foreign investments, Brazil, one of the largest countries in South America, is by all accounts, emerging. While economic and population growth are supporting Brazil’s emergence, it is critical that Brazil's education system is strong, so that its people have the opportunity to fully emerge and compete as a developed country. Currently, Brazil’s population is approximately 200,000 million, a number accumulated from its large cities and rural areas. In the capital city of Brasilia there are an estimated million people and another 10 million in the nation’s largest city of São Paulo. Areas where there are high populations it most likely to see improvements in educational standards. The bigger challenge rests in the rural areas of Brazil, where approximately 18 million poor people are without education, health care and employment opportunities. The common education and economic challenges Brazil faces are similar to other emerging nations. Identifying the issues is simple; however sometimes the solutions are not easily identified. (CIA World Fact Book, 2013) Brazil’s Education Today Opportunities for a Brazilian’s education are decided through the great divide of economic classes. This...
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...The Big Idea: 21st-Century Talent Spotting by Claudio Fernández-Aráoz Claudio Fernández-Aráoz is a senior adviser at global executive search firm A few years ago, I was asked to help find a new CEO for a family-owned electronics retailer that wanted to professionalize its management and expand its operations. I worked closely with the outgoing chief executive and the board to pinpoint the relevant competencies for the job and then seek out and assess candidates. The man we hired had all the right credentials: He’d attended top professional schools and worked for some of the best organizations in the industry, and he was a successful country manager in one of the world’s most admired companies. Even more important, he’d scored above the target level for each of the competencies we’d identified. But none of that mattered. Despite his impressive background and great fit, he could not adjust to the massive technological, competitive, and regulatory changes occurring in the market at the time. Following three years of lackluster performance, he was asked to leave. Compare that story with one from the start of my executive search career. My task was to fill a project manager role at a small brewery owned by Quinsa, which then dominated the beer market in the southern cone of Latin America. In those days, I hadn’t yet heard the term “competency.” I was working in a new office without research support (in the pre-internet era), and Quinsa was the only serious beverage industry player...
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...Chapter FIVE gLOBALIZATION AND SOCIETY OBJECTIVES • To identify problems in evaluating the activities of MNEs • To evaluate the major economic impacts of MNEs on home and host countries • To establish the foundations for responsible behavior • To discuss some key issues of globalization and society—ethics and bribery, the environment, pharmaceuticals, and labor issues • To examine corporate responses to globalization Chapter Overview Globalization has become a major socioeconomic force and topic of debate in the twenty-first century. While Chapter One examines the forces and criticisms associated with the globalization process, Chapter Five focuses upon the impact of foreign direct investment on home and host countries. Following an explanation of the balance-of-payments effects of FDI, a series of ethical issues concerning the social responsibilities of MNEs is explored. The cultural and legal foundations of ethical behavior are examined, and the challenges of global warming, pharmaceutical sales, and child labor are highlighted. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the need for corporate codes of ethics. Chapter Outline OPENING CASE: ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES FOR NEWMONT MINING IN INDONESIA [See Map 5.1.] This case illustrates the effects of the changing and conflicting attitudes of the national and local Indonesian governments toward foreign direct investment. Headquartered in Denver, Colorado, Newmont Mining is the...
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...This article was downloaded by: [Tsinghua University] On: 19 March 2014, At: 22:22 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK The Journal of Peasant Studies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fjps20 Land grabbing in Latin America and the Caribbean Saturnino M. Borras Jr. , Jennifer C. Franco , Sergio Gómez , Cristóbal Kay & Max Spoor Published online: 28 May 2012. To cite this article: Saturnino M. Borras Jr. , Jennifer C. Franco , Sergio Gómez , Cristóbal Kay & Max Spoor (2012) Land grabbing in Latin America and the Caribbean, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 39:3-4, 845-872, DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2012.679931 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2012.679931 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently...
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...Linda Covarrubias Elaina Westegaard ENG-123-X1530 17 November 2015 How Are GMOs Affecting the Environment and Our Health? Food has been one of the basic needs since the birth of a person. History shows that the production of food only consisted of hunting, harvesting, and farming. During these times, it usually took a long time before these foods arrived at the dining tables of families. However, today, technology has allowed the mass production of food. Unfortunately, the market has taken advantage of technology, not letting us know how food is made, leading to the birth of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). GMOs are widely used in most foods today. Though most people are unaware of this, GMOs even exist in some of their favorite food products. Many reports tell that diseases, such as E-Coli and Salmonella, have been caught from GM-foods. Furthermore, researchers and doctors believe that GMOs carry a huge risk; although, some scientists claim that GMOs are completely safe for human consumption. GMOs should be banned because they have a negative impact on human health, and potential risks on the environment. Although GMOs were only introduced in 1996, the side effects can already be seen: there have been increased allergic reactions, antibiotic resistant bacteria and other toxic hazards. While these side effects of GMOs may seem minuscule in the grand scheme of things, the lasting effects can be much more drastic. More and more children are having life-threatening allergies...
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...#1: Dr. Levitt’s theory of globalization vs. Douglas and Wind’s idiosyncratic theory Dr. Levitt suggests that the world is becoming a single, homogeneous market. Levitt stipulates that global corporations now operate “as if the entire world were a single entity” Levitt, p.13). In this market, all consumer needs and desires have boiled down to a basic want for products and services of the best quality and reliability, at the lowest price (Levitt, p.14). Technology is the catalyst for the development of this global market. Cross-cultural communication has allowed citizens from every country to view products and services offered in other areas, and, in turn, have developed applications for similar products. Levitt goes on to state, “the strategy of standardization not only responds to worldwide homogenized markets bot also expands those markets with aggressive low pricing” (Levitt, p. 16). The market differences presented by Douglas and wind are centered on the uncontrollable elements of international marketing (Cateora, p.11). Douglas and Wind discuss the importance of taking into consideration customer behavior, local competition, political and economic environments, as well as the overall marketing infrastructure of each individual country (Douglas and Winds, p.25). The authors agree that, in limited circumstances, global standardization may be appropriate. Products such as luxury items and industrial goods targeting well-to-do individuals are apt to be successful...
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...The Emerald Research Register for this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/researchregister The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0265-1335.htm International e-marketing: opportunities and issues Jagdish N. Sheth Goizueta Business School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, and E-marketing: opportunities and issues 611 Received October 2004 Revised June 2005 Accepted July 2005 Arun Sharma School of Business, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA Abstract Purpose – E-marketing is growing at a dramatic pace and is significantly impacting customer and business market behaviors. As a result, most firms have started developing e-marketing strategies for the web. However, the evolution and strategic direction of e-marketing strategies in international environments has not been discussed and is the focus of this paper. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the authors examine two issues based on extant literature and our previous research in this area. The authors discuss e-marketing in an international context and develop a framework that will allow researchers and managers to understand the impact of country level effects on e-marketing strategies. The paper proposes that the evolution of e-marketing strategies is based on the countries infrastructure and marketing institutional development. Findings – It is found that international e-marketing strategies are fundamentally changing...
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...China The first one is the economy. China's economy has been typically the best-performing economy or among the best-performing economies in the world since 1979 when reforms began, averaging about 7 percent growth. One note of concern, though, is that those conditions that allowed that 7 percent growth are not likely to be prevalent in the years to come, because for over 30 years, China has relied extensively on lower wage rates and export-driven growth. But wage rates have been bid up, as happens; the Chinese are victims of their own success, you could say. And secondly, the rest of the countries in the world are not going through high rates of growth, and they’re not going to be importing the way they had been historically. So, that formula isn’t going to be as successful going forward as it has been. China needs to shift away from an export-driven economy to more of a consumption model. It needs to be mindful about funding its state-owned enterprises, about subsidizing state-owned companies. It needs to lessen its reliance on low-end manufacturing and move up the value chain. By the way, these aren’t my observations; these are observations by Chinese leadership. If you follow any Chinese leader’s speech on China’s economic transformation, these are the points he’ll make. We would call that market rationalism or just normal evolution as a country rises to middle-income status. But there are also some countervailing impulses. There’s a strong streak of economic nationalism;...
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