...your feedback is very much necessary to overcome my faults and lacking. This will help me in my entire life. It is my pleasure to carry out this assignment under your supervision. I would like to request you to accept my report for further assessment and I will be available to answer any question for clarification. Thank you for your sincere support. Yours sincerely, Arafat Rauf 2009-2-10-345 Table of contents Title | Page number | - BRIC | 4 | Economic growth of BRIC | 7 | Question 1: Map the proposed sequence of the evolution of the economy of the BRIC’s. What indicators might companies monitor to guide their investments and organize their local market operations? | 8 | Question 2: What are the implications of the emergence of the BRICs for careers and companies in your country? | 8 | Question 3: Do you think recency bias has led to overestimating the potential of the BRICs? How would you, as a manager for a company assessing these markets, try to control this bias? | 9 | Question 4: How might managers interpret the potential for their product in a market that is, in absolute economic terms, large but, on a per capita basis, characterized by a majority of poor to very...
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...Case Study The BRICs: Vanguard of The Revolution The BRICs, composed of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, are the future of the world’s most powerful economies and the current most accelerated emerging economies. Together they are home to nearly 2.8 billion people, about 40 percent of the planet’s population. They currently generate about 30 percent of world’s GDP. They have come a long way from the last 30 years or so, each one overcoming their own barriers and obstacles to achieve where they are today. They are all expecting to increase their income within the next 15-30 years exponentially, allowing for the economy to flourish and incorporate new markets that were otherwise less popular or almost non-existent. For example, cars in India and China were about 2 and 9 out of 100 people, respectively. They estimate that the total number of cars in both countries could rise from 150 million today to north of a billion by 2030. Not everything is positive however, there are skeptics who say there are problems such as the delusion that current trends will continue indefinitely and uninterrupted. That economic growth rates slow as the base of activity expands and advantages such as cheap labor or low-cost capital wane as growing demand increases marginal price pressures. That there’s always a black swan event, an unexpected, hard-to-predict impact that resets the game such as the internet, the collapse of the Soviet Union or the global financial crisis. Despite ever-present...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................... 02 2. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK............................................................................ 02 3. GLOBALIZATION OF FOOD SYSTEMS IN CONTEXT................................ 03 a. Urbanization.................................................................................................. 03 b. Economics, health and education................................................................. 04 c. Employment................................................................................................... 05 d. Technology and facilitating mechanisms..................................................... 06 4. CHANGES IN DIETARY PATTERNS ............................................................... 07 a. Dietary convergence ..................................................................................... 07 b. Dietary adaptation ....................................................................................... 08 i. Lifestyle changes and adaptation of meal patterns........................... 08 ii. Street foods......................................................................................... 09 iii. Supermarkets .............................................................................
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...Purposes: Validity of Reading Strategies Larissa de Pinho Cavalcanti Universidade Federal de Pernambuco In Brazil, English for Specific Purposes was developed based on the need immediate linguistic knowledge for reading and understanding technical and academic texts – a purpose that remains until today. Indeed, several publications focus on the instrumental approach across different fields of knowledge, taking as its basis not only reading and its strategic competences but the learning of language structures that might contribute to an efficient reading process. On digital distance learning, the instrumental approach to ESP is yet predominant which can be explained by the novelty of the modality in the country in the sense that time to adjust to the possibilities virtual learning environments provide us with is still required. That is the context of our teaching for the Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Educação in their distance learning program. Our paper aims at discussing the relevance of reading and reading strategies according to students’ own opinions and the theoretical considerations of KLEIMAN (2013), SOLÉ (1998) on reading as a process; JUNIOR (1999), LEFFA (1996), CHAVES (2006), on ESP and reading. Keywords: distance learning; English language; reading strategies. ESP: history, features and Brazil Learning English as a second or foreign language has become a world-wide necessity. Whether living in a country that speaks...
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...The Brics’ role in the global economy Paulo Roberto de Almeida In: Cebri-Icone-British Embassy in Brasília: Trade and International Negotiations for Journalists (Rio de Janeiro, 2009, p. 146-154; ISBN: 978-85-89534-05-5). ∗ 1. Where do they come from and what are the Brics? In demographic terms, BRIC holds the world’s two most populated countries and another two with considerable populations. China alone holds a fifth of the world’s population, and is closely followed by India (17.5%) and, by a larger gap Brazil (2.9%) and Russia (2.2%). Despite their large territories – Russia’s 17 million km2, India’s 3.2 million km2, China’s 9.3 million km2 and Brazil’s 8.5 million km2 –, the Brics differ from each other in terms of natural resources, level of industrialization and impact on the global economy. It is important to point out these differences, as definition as a bloc might lead to wrongful assumptions about the four countries’ individual current and future roles in the global economy. In order to be accurate about each country’s actual weight in the world, we should perhaps change the acronym to CIRB (but without the glamour of the name). Let us begin with China, which is the most continuous civilization in history – not strictly in terms of political linearity but rather in terms of cultural continuity. The country has a tragic contemporary history, marked by economic decadence, political instability, military humiliation and social regression caused by a deep degradation...
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...in economics to refer to the combination of Brazil, Russia, India, and China which make up over 42% of the world's population. These nations are going to play a major role in the future of global economy. BRIC or BRICs are terms used in economics to refer to the combination of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. General consensus is that the term was first prominently used in a thesis of the Goldman Sachs investment bank. The main point of this 2003 paper was to argue that the economies of the BRICs are rapidly developing and by the year 2050 will eclipse most of the current richest countries of the world. Goldman Sachs argues that the economic potential of Brazil, Russia, India, and China is such that they may become among the four most dominant economies by the year 2050. The thesis was proposed by Jim O'Neill, global economist at Goldman Sachs. These countries are forecast to encompass over thirty-nine percent of the world's population. Goldman Sachs predicts China and India, respectively, to be the dominant global suppliers of manufactured goods and services while Brazil and Russia would become similarly dominant as suppliers of raw materials. Cooperation is thus hypothesized to be a logical next step among the BRICs because Brazil and Russia together form the logical commodity suppliers to India and China. Thus, the BRICs have the potential to form a powerful economic bloc to the exclusion of the modern-day G8 status. Brazil is dominant in soy and iron ore while Russia...
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...ahead Over the past three decades, India has made good progress on the human development index (HDI), says the Human Development Report 2013, released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). However, India’s rank out of 187 countries is no better than last year’s. With a HDI value of 0.554 and a rank of 136 among 187 countries, which it shares with Equatorial Guinea, India is placed in the “medium development” category. There has been steady improvement in its HDI value, which was 0.345 in 1980. In 1950, Brazil, China and India together represented 10 per cent of the world economy, while the six traditional economic leaders of the North accounted for more than half. According to projections in the report, by 2050, Brazil, China and India will together account for 40 per cent of global output, far surpassing the projected combined production of today’s Group of Seven bloc. | | | HDI is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices used to rank countries in four tiers of human development. Since 2011, the UNDP report has included an inequality adjusted HDI, also known as IHDI, which attempts to include the effects of inequality on human development. The IHDI for India this year is 0.392. High gender inequality The country fails miserably on the front of gender equality. On the gender equality index, with a value of 0.610, India has one of the worst indicators in the medium human development category. For example, the country has...
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...MEDICAL TOURISM CASE Saksham Gupta | 39C | Saurabh Kumar | 41C | Deepti Singh Chauhan | 18C | Supriya Deshpande | 49C | Rajat Maloo | 37C | INTRODUCTION Medical tourism represents a worldwide, multibillion-dollar phenomenon that is expected to grow considerably in the next decade. During 21st century, India emerged as a favorable destination for obtaining medical services. This change was a result of overall development in technology, education and services due to which similar skills in medical professionals and services could be obtained in developing countries such as India at comparatively low prices. Internet acted as the biggest facilitator in this change. Not only doctors, but patients also took advantage of free flow of information about diseases and their cure. WTO also contributed significantly to the increase in trade of medical services under following 4 modes:- 1. Medical Travel – People travel abroad to obtain healthcare 2. Cross - border delivery of trade – Shipment of laboratory samples, diagnosis and clinical consultation 3. Setting up of health-care services overseas – Setting up hospitals, clinics and diagnostics center 4. Movement of health-care professional from one country to other – Movement of physicians, specialists overseas The proportion of the elderly population is showing a progressive growth especially in the developed countries and with this trend the demand for healthcare facilities is likely to grow but the number...
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... sustainability, and the imperative of action now. The paper does not claim to comprehensively address all environment and development issues, but a sub-set that are deemed to be of particular importance. Key Messages We have a dream – a world without poverty – a world that is equitable – a world that respects human rights – a world with increased and improved ethical behavior regarding poverty and natural resources - a world that is environmentally, socially and economically sustainable, where the challenges such as climate change, loss of biodiversity and social inequity have been successfully addressed. This is an achievable dream, but the current system is deeply flawed and our current pathway will not realise it. Population size and...
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...B CHAPTER FOUR THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OBJECTIVES • To appreciate the importance of the economic analysis of foreign markets • To identify the major dimensions of international economic analysis • To compare and contrast the economic indicators of countries • To profile the characteristics of the types of economic systems • To discuss the idea of economic freedom • To profile the idea, drivers, and constraints of economic transition CHAPTER OVERVIEW When companies source, manufacture, and/or market products in foreign countries, they encounter fascinating and often challenging economic environments. Chapter Four first explores the economic environments of countries in which an MNE might want to operate by discussing the importance of economic analysis and identifying the major dimensions of that process. It then compares and contrasts key macroeconomic indicators, such as economic growth, inflation, and the surpluses and deficits reflected in the balance of payments. Finally, it reviews the characteristics of the major types of economic systems, explores the principles of economic freedom, and concludes by examining the idea, the drivers, and the constraints associated with the transition from a centrally-planned to a market-based economy. CHAPTER OUTLINE OPENING CASE: MCDONALD’S AND RUSSIA’S ECONOMIC TRANSITION [See Map 4.1.] This case exemplifies the extraordinary challenges of operating in a transition economy. In fascinating...
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...defined by David Harvey as the: … theory of political economic practices that proposes that human well-being can be best advanced by liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms and skills within an institutional framework characterised by strong private property rights, free markets and free trade... (2007, pg 2) Through this approach, economic and social barriers and constraints are sought to be eliminated to prompt the market towards becoming self-sufficient. Therefore, it is very easy for neoliberalism to hinder the development of economies and society, as imbalances in wealth and living conditions are emphasised and expanded over time. In particular, these imbalances become quite prominent in developing countries, for example, Brazil, where they may begin to take importance over the conditions of the population. Despite this, we are still observing the existence of neoliberalism in the 21st century on an international scale as the globalisation era lingers and development continues to evolve. In the modern world, neoliberalism offers ‘the supporting ideology of globalisation’ and depends on market forces, free trade and laissez-faire government roles to become efficient. (Heron, T. 2008. Pg. 1;Kelleher, A and Klein, L. 2011. Pg. 95) It was in the late eighteenth century when Adam Smith originally formulated the idea that in an economy, priority must be given to privitsation and it is necessary for trade and finance to be fully liberalized in order to achieve high...
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...technology, and even human labor. Many people have observed that this phenomenon may lead to a “one-world government,” which consists of a centralized government for all nations. The nature of globalization and global economic change has been a subject of immense academic research during the past two decades. It is more a phenomenon in need of explanations than a universal cause of empirically observable outcomes in the so-called globalization theory.1* 1*Check references page The effects of economic globalization on developing countries 1- Increased Standard of Living : Economic globalization gives governments of developing nations access to foreign lending. When these funds are used on infrastructure including roads, health care, education, and social services, the standard of living in the country increases. If the money is used only selectively, however, not all citizens will participate in the benefits. Access to New Markets Globalization leads to freer trade between countries. This is one of its largest benefits to developing nations. Homegrown industries see trade barriers fall and have access to a much wider international market. The...
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...together to defuse tension between Colombia and Ecuador/Venezuela after Colombia’s March 2008 raid inside Ecuador * South American Defense Council (2008)—aimed at institutionalizing and coordinating “defense and security policies in the region while preventing and mediating conflicts within South America * United States: * Economic dependence on the region on the rise— * 50% of US energy imports (largest share accounted for by any region) * 32% of all US FDI * Environment, illegal drug trade, and immigration have intensified interdependence * Economic stronghold at risk * China—offers a path independent of US and liberal economic orthodoxy * #1 trading partner for Brazil, Chile, and Peru * #2 trading partner for Argentina, Venezuela, and Cuba * 2000-2009—imports increased from $5 billion...
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...Technology or business practices used to augment the solution for one laptop per child: While now costing $200 per laptop, the OLPC XO-1 contains an impressive array of technology Advances that are not found in the most expensive commercial laptops. Each advance is Tweaked to facilitate the constructionist goal of children’s collaborative learning. Sugar Learning Platform The laptop user interface, the software that children navigate to interact with the computer is called Sugar. It doesn’t look like Microsoft Windows, Apple OSX, or any flavor of Linux, but it is Open Source software, where any user can customize the code. based on the Linux operating system, Sugar’s every aspect is designed to encourage collaboration. It starts with a circle of activities, not programs, and promotes the sharing of the activities both online and through the physical interaction a child has with the computer. Take the classic computer game Tetris. Sugarized, for the XO-1, it is now called Block Party, a collaborative spatial manipulation learning tool where multiple Players work in concert to place irregular-sized blocks in congruent, solid lines. Mesh Networking To facilitate this constant collaboration, OLPC is implementing a new wireless Internet protocol called 802.11s, which allows each XO-1 to directly and instantly connect with another. This mesh network eliminates the need for a traditional central computer router each laptop automatically becomes a router - and...
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...GLOBALIZATION BACKLASH AND THE RISE OF ANTI-HEGEMONIC PARTY STATES Diego Olstein Hebrew University of Jerusalem Contents Introduction: Globalization and Anti-Hegemonic Party State………………………………..5 Part I: Principle Chapter 1: Defining Anti-Hegemonic Party State………………………………………………….18 Chapter 2: Anti-Hegemonic Party State and Domestic Features of Political Regimes…………………………………………………………………………………………… 44 Chapter 3: Anti-Hegemonic Party State and Exogenous Perspective on Political Regimes……………………………………………………………………………………………75 Part II: History Chapter 4: The Global Rise of Anti-Hegemonic Party States and Globalization Backlash 1917-1945...…………………………………………………………….91 Chapter 5: The Big Leap of Anti-Hegemonic Party States: The Second Wave 1946-1975…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………111 Chapter 6: Globalization Anew and the Marginalization of Anti-Hegemonic Party States 1976-2010………………………………………………………142 Conclusions Introduction: Globalization and Anti-Hegemonic Party State In 1997 the European Commission defined Globalization “as the process by which markets and production in different countries are becoming increasingly interdependent due to the dynamics of trade in goods and services and flows of capital and technology. It is not a new phenomenon but the continuation...
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