...distinguish between code-switching and code-mixing. The main difference is whether or not the speaker knows how to differentiate between the two languages. If they do, it must be code-switching. This chapter describes how to approach to my recording data with theoretical background. Since it is hard to explain why and how code-switching is happening in the data, this chapter provides me a strong notion of code-switching, which will help me when I analyze the conversation. I believe I can begin to build up my own analysis from here not only with recognizing and differentiating the concepts of intrasentential and intersentential, but also code-switching and code-mixing. Pagano, A. (2010). Code‐switching: a korean case study. Griffith working papers in pragmatics and intercultural communication , 3(1), 22-38. The...
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...Clinical Psychology At its base level, clinical psychology is the attempt of an educated individual applying their knowledge of human behavior (gathered through scientific research) to address the relational, physiological, or affective concerns or troubles of another’s life. Plante (2011) defines clinical psychology as an understanding, assessment, and treatment of psychological or behavioral disorders. As a scientific enterprise that employees the scientific method to study and evaluate procedures and possible treatments, clinical psychology endeavors to research the most acceptable methods of aiding its patients. Psychotherapy and research go hand-in-hand, creating circumstances where art illuminates science and science illuminates art (Plante, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to examine the ever-changing nature of clinical psychology while explaining the specifics of counseling as done with the use of clinical psychology. History Hippocrates was the first to produce a somewhat naïve, but complete, definition of dysfunction and disease (Plante, 2011). He believed that certain emotions and maladjustments of the mind were caused by imbalances in the levels of blood, phlegm, yellow bile, or black bile. Anger, depression, and other extreme emotions could be caused by these aberrations of humors. Plato put forth the idea that the soul, or metaphysical world, might have visible effects on the physical domain. Holistic medicinal theory was developed when Galen...
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...mere size of the universe, one might come to realization of amount of time required for its comprehension. Hundreds if not thousands of astronomers throughout the ages added some valuable pieces of information to astronomical big picture. As Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin brilliantly putted in her 1976 speech " [...] The old scientist cannot claim that the masterpiece is his own work. He may have roughed of part of the design, laid on a few strokes , but he has learned to accept the discoveries of others with the same delight that he experienced on his own[...] (Astronomy Today, Chap. 16, p 383) What we know today about the universe is a collective work of many generation of dedicated man and woman who continue to add new insight of astronomy great spectrum of universe. Some scholars may add a little, some may add a lot, yet some may change our understanding of a matter in question. Such man were Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler and Newton. Those man are credited with revolutionizing the study of astronomy. The heliocentric theory formulated by Copernicus caused strong turmoil within astronomy, physics and cosmology. Many man of science considered it as contrary to Aristotle’s physics and the Bible. However, some astronomers were engaged in...
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...Title Seyfarth, R. and Cheney, D., 202. The evolutionary Origins of Friendship. Annual review of psychology, 63, p.153-177 Topic In the evolutionary origin of friendship, Robert and Dorothy tell us how genetic relatedness affects friendship in Horse, Elephants, Dolphins and Chimpanzees. They present their article in which they share their argument and analyse as biologists. Both authors argue that individual of the same sex could have strong friendship that did not have to do with reproduction, and the relationship between human can affect their happiness and longevity; however, their opinions are based upon their observation among animals, make it weaker. Also Robert and Dorothy writing are complicated due to their technical writing style. Context This critique will establish the legitimacy of Robert and Dorothy’s arguments (the evolutionary origin of friendship). Robert and Dorothy begin their article by stating that the purpose in writing the article, is to provide facts and details on “the evolution and adaptive value of human friendship and to consider how stable, enduring friendship might have evolved” (2012, p.154) In human both authors argue “having a strong social network reduces stress, lower the risk of disease, and increase longevity, and was stated by Beckman and Holt-Lunstad (2004 and 2010). On the other hand, Robert and Dorothy believe that in animals “enduring social bonds can increase individual’s reproduction success. However, among female baboons...
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..........................................3 3- Aims & objectives................................................................................3-4 4- Research questions...............................................................................4 5- Hypothesis...........................................................................................5 II- Literature review............................................................................5 1- Strategy in the retailing sector......................................................5-7 2- Asda and its marketing strategies.................................................7-8 3- ASDA strategies and the main features of the UK retailing industry.............................................................................................8 III- Research methodology.....................................................................9 1- Types of research....................................................................9-10 2- Research methods..................................................................10-11 3- Population................................................................................11 4- Sampling..................................................................................11 5- Research design........................................................................11 6- Data collection............................................................
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...Mobile Telecommunications and Health Review of the current scientific research in view of precautionary health protection April 2000 ECOLOG-Institut Translated by Andrea Klein Mobile Telecommunications and Health Review of the Current Scientific Research in view of Precautionary Health Protection Commissioned by T‐Mobil DeTeMobil Deutsche Telekom MobilNet GmbH Authors Dr Kerstin Hennies Dr H.‐Peter Neitzke Dr Hartmut Voigt With the support of Dr Gisa‐Kahle Anders ECOLOG‐Institut für sozial‐ökologische Forschung und Bildung gGmbH Nieschlagstrasse 26 30449 Hannover Tel. 0511‐92456‐46 Fax 0511‐92456‐48 Email mailbox@ecolog‐institut.de Hannover, April 2000 Contents 1 1 1.1 1.2 2 Introduction 1 3 New Technologies and Precautionary Health Protection Terms of Reference and Structure of the Review 5 2.1 2.2 3 Collating and Interpreting the Scientific Data (Methodology) 5 5 Primary Reciprocal Effects between High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Systems (Biophysical and Biochemical Processes) 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4 Thermal Effects 3.1.1 Effects of Homogenous Warming 3.1.2 Microthermal Effects Direct Field Effects 3.2.1 Effects from the Electrical Component of the Electromagnetic Field 3.2.2 Effects from the Magnetic Component of the Electromagnetic Field ...
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...By Yasmina Reza A Teacher’s Guide Table of Contents Audience Etiquette………………………………….……………….…3 Characters……………………………………….……………………...4 Synopsis………………………………...…………………………….…4 The Source...…...……….……..………..……………………………….6 The Playwright………..………….....……………..……………………7 Glossary of Words……………..……………………………………….8 Follow-up Considerations……………………………………………10 Internet Resources……………….……………………………………12 The Alley salutes its 2001-2002 Education & Community Outreach Season Co-Sponsors: its Student Matinee Sponsor: its Production Co-Sponsors: and Large Stage Season Sponsor: 2 Audience Etiquette For many of your students, a visit to the Alley may be their first theatre experience. It may be helpful to discuss what they can expect or to have other students relay their own experiences about theatre productions they have seen. Another important point to review is the difference between live theatre and watching a movie or television. Noise Live theatre means live actors who can hear not only what is happening on the stage, but in the audience as well. While laughter and applause at appropriate times are appreciated by the actors, excessive noise and talking is not. Any sort of distracting noise—humming, sighing, chewing gum, or carrying electronic devices—is discouraged. Cell phones, chiming watches and pagers must be turned off during the performance . Applause Applause is used to acknowledge the performers and to voice appreciation or approval. Traditionally, applause comes...
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...Report CULTURAL AND CRITICAL APPROACHES : DELOITTE AUSTARIAL Table of contents List of tables Executive summary 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose and Scope 1.2 Method 1.3Limitations 1.4 Assumptions 1.5Background 2 Cultural Approach 2.1 Findings 2.2 Discussion 3 Critical Approach 3.1 Findings 3.2 Discussion 4 Recommendations 5 Conclusion References Executive summary Organization culture are powerful forces that drives a organization towards succes. In this report we will be discussing about the cultural and critical approaches that we see in Organization behaviour. In recent years due to globalization they have been may Multinational companies that have set by office around the world. They employee various people from different background, culture, Society to work in there companies. This report tries to understand how the organization culture and power of an organization impact there employees. For this report Deloitte Australia is take and its organization culture and power are studied and its observations are reported in this report. 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose and Scope “Organization culture is not just another piece of the puzzle, it is the puzzle. Culture is not something an organization has; a culture is something an organization is.”( Pancnowsky & O’Donnell-Trujillo, cited in Brown...
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...involving consideration of internal and external factors, and the short and long term. The effectiveness of an organization’s strategic management can critically impact upon its viability and there are many reasons why the stategic management process may fail. Such reasons include failure to: think creatively about the likely affects of plans obtain external/internal participation and commitment co-ordinate and control resources. In this paper it is argued that many of the reasons for failure may be attributed to the successive dominance of different reductionist approaches to strategic management. From a systems perspective it may be argued that such approaches represent partial approaches to strategic management that neglect the complex, embedded and dynamic nature of modern organizations. Accordingly, the reasons why strategic plans fail are taken to provide a framework for the evaluation of the potential contribution of a range of systems methodologies to the strategic management process. The systems methodologies considered in this paper include: Viable System Methodology, Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing, Soft Systems Methodology, and Critical Systems Heuristics. In light of this, a systems approach to strategic management is proposed that sees value not only in using the approaches in isolation but also in using them in a complementary and flexible way. In...
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...Georg Mann,2 Maximilian Kauer,1 Johannes Rainer,3 Reinhard Kofler,3 Andrew Hall,4 Markus Metzler,5 Luder Hinrich Meyer,6 Claus Meyer,7 ¨ Jochen Harbott,8 Rolf Marschalek,7 Sabine Strehl,1 Oskar A. Haas,2 and Renate Panzer-Grumayer1,2 ¨ Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria; 2St Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria; 3Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute and Biocenter - Division Molecular Pathophysiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; 4Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; 5Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; 6Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; 7Institute of Pharmacological Biology/DCAL, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; and 8Onkogenetic Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany 1Children’s Approximately 25% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias carry the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene. Despite their excellent initial treatment response, up to 20% of patients relapse. To gain insight into the relapse mechanisms, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism arrays for DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs) in 18 matched diagnosis and relapse leukemias. CNAs were more abundant at relapse than at diagnosis (mean 12.5 vs 7.5 per case; P .01) with 5.3 shared on average. Their patterns revealed a direct clonal relationship with exclusively new...
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...With all the views and perspectives Dhaka Stock Exchange is the first Stock Exchange in Bangladesh. It was established by the East Pakistan in 1954.It is located at Motijeel in Dhaka. Now Bangladesh has two stock exchanges one is DSE that is Dhaka stock exchange and another is CSE that is Chittagung stock exchange.DSE and CSE is playing a vital role in stock exchange business. It has been putting a great contribution in national economy of the country. The educated people of the country is investing their money in the stock exchange market rather than saving in the banking institutions. So people of the country are getting a smooth benefit from share market. Because of that they are investing their money in the stock exchange market. From this report we got that most of the people knows something about the share market and they are doing this business earnestly. 1.INTRODUCTION Dhaka Stock Exchange (Generally known as DSE) is the main stock exchange of Bangladesh. It is located in Motijheel at the heart of the Dhaka city. It was incorporated in 1954. Dhaka stock exchange is the first stock exchange of the country. A 24 members council is managed and operated the function of DSE. Among 24 members, 12 are chosen DSE members and the remaining 12 are chosen from the following position: Bangladesh Bank Commerce Ministry Finance Ministry Law Ministry Industries ministry President of Institute of Chartered Accounts...
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...Thesis Statement Writing Tuesday, Jun. 8th 2010 Before you familiarize yourself with thesis statement writing, you need to know what the statement is in the first place. This sentence basically sums up your main objective for writing the term paper, creates a simple guide for the reader and provides the basis for your argument. All in all thesis statement writing is quite simple, as long as you keep some tips and techniques in mind. The first thing you need to do is put together one question which is only possible if you compress the entire thesis. A great way to do this is examine the main topic and create a question out of it. It will give you a basic idea of what the statement should look like and how you should answer that question. The first sentence should introduce the topic and the objective and the next few should spell out how you plan to support your argument. Thesis statement writing, therefore, is about asking yourself the fundamental question that forms the essence of your paper. When you are done writing the statement, step back and examine in from another point of view to determine whether it is strong or weak. A strong statement is one which sparkles with confidence and focuses on one and only one aspect of the issue. This means that you can’t be vague or off-hand about the topic. If you have selected a theme, you should be ready to stand up for it- now is not the time to be diplomatic or meek. In addition to that, it should also spell out the basis for...
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...HOMOSEXUALITY AND CHRISTIANITY 3 Working Outline I. The term homosexuality is frequently use to describe both orientation and behavior. (Main idea). A. People often use the terms sexual identity and sexual orientation interchangeably. 1. Sexual identity relates to individual expression of feelings. whether heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual involved in the metabolic processes of the brain and body. a. Heterosexual feelings involve an emotional and/or a physical attraction to the opposite sex. b. Homosexual feelings involve an emotional and/or a physical attraction to the same sex. c. Bisexual feelings involve an emotional and/or a physical attraction to same and opposite sex. 2. Sexual orientation describes the direction and focus of sexual and emotional attractions experienced by a person. a. Sexual direction and focus b. Emotional attraction and focus B. Many myths surrounding homosexuality exist and they need to be corrected. Here are five essential myths (First subordinate idea). 1. Perhaps the most destructive is the beliefs that homosexuals are child molesters. a. A homosexual can molest a child. b. A heterosexual can molest a chld. 2. The belief that homosexuals are promiscuous and incapable of long-term committed monogamous relationships. c. This is a general statement that shows no knowledge of this particular population...
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...Business Plan 1-Up Pub 3614 Washtenaw Avenue Ann Arbor, MI 48104 Telephone: (724)555-1234 Fax: (724)555-5678 Presentation Date: December 15, 2014 Presented To: Frank Jefferies – Chief Loan Officer DFCU Financial 400 Town Center Drive Dearborn, MI 48126 Contents Executive Summary 3 Mission Statement 5 Company Description 5 Market Plan for 1-Up Pub 7 Products and Services 7 Market Analysis 7 The Competition 8 Target Market and Customer Profile 8 Pricing of Products and Services 9 Sales Promotions and Advertising 10 Selling Approach and Distribution Channels 10 Financial Plan 11 Operating Plan 12 Management Team 12 Organizational Chart 12 Facilities and Improvements 13 Employee Needs 14 Recruitment Strategy 15 Risk Management Plan 15 Appendix A - References 17 Appendix B – Opening Day Balance Sheet 18 Appendix C – First Year’s Expenses 20 Appendix D – Pricing 22 Executive Summary After a long, hard day at work most people have only what to relax and unwind. For some people this includes getting a drink, watch a sporting event on television, or perhaps play a game with friends. What if you could go to one place to do any of these things? Look no further than 1-Up Pub; a combination gaming center, pub, and coffee shop. Grab a drink, grab a game, and make some friends, or you can just relax and watch a local sporting event on one of our flat screen televisions. 1-Up Pub is a unique destination like none that have...
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...28 Long Range Planning, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 28 to 36, 1992 Printed in Great Britain 0 002+6301/92 $3.00 + .OO 1992 Pergamon Press plc Managing Strategic Change Strategy, Culture and Action Gerry Johnson One of the major problems facing senior executives is that of effecting significant strategic change in their organizations. This paper develops a number of explanatory frameworks which address the links between the development of strategy in organizations, dimensions of corporate culture and managerial action. In considering such linkages, and by illustrating them with examples from work undertaken in companies, the paper also seeks to advance our understanding of the problems and means of managing strategic change. A good deal has been written in the last decade about the links between organizational strategy and culture, the problems of strategic inertia in firms, and the need for managers to manage the cultural context of the organization so as to achieve strategic change and an adaptive organization to sustain the change for long term success. Howcvcr much of what has been written, whilst striking chords of reality for managers is frustrating because it lacks precision in explaining links between organizational culture, strategy and managerial behaviour. This paper seeks to help remedy this situation. It does so by clarifying the links between the development of strategy in organizations and organizational culture...
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