...To What Extent Was There An Aniconic Period In Buddhism History, And Did Greek Influence The Creation Of Anthropomorphic Buddha Image The Greco-Buddhism theory proposed by Alfred Foucher suggested that Greece colonised India, the Greek Hellenistic culture was also imported into India and made some significant influences on Indian traditional culture. Due to the lack of an anthropomorphic Buddha image before Greek invasion in 323 B.C. and the first of anthropomorphic Buddha image being created during Indo-Greek period as an Apollo like Buddha hence he suggested that to a great extent the creation of anthropomorphic Buddha was very likely to be under the influence of Greek Hellenistic culture. However this argument comes with one condition that...
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...direct access to the divine through nature. Emerson saw nature as a kind of perfect spiritual state. Emerson opens chapter 3 - a section relating to beauty - with "a nobler want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of beauty." He argues that naturally, humans have a desire for beauty. He references the ancient Greeks by saying they "called the world cosmos." The Greeks definition of cosmos encompasses both order and beauty. Therefore, centuries before the Transcendentalist movement, the Greeks saw the world from their human eyes as structured...
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...Comparison 1 The image on the left is of ‘The Parthenon, Acropolis’, a Pantelic marble structure, dating between 447 and 432 BCE, Ancient Greece. The original building on the site was built as an offering in honor of the Greek goddess Athena built in 490 BCE but destroyed in the Persian invasion of 480BCE. However in 447 BCE, Perikles commissioned a much grander and larger temple to be built over the existing foundation. The image to the right is of the ‘Hagia Sophia’, dated between 532-537, Byzantine Period. In a similar way to the Parthenon the Hagia Sophia was built over an existing fourth-century church that had been destroyed during the Nika Revolt in 532. An apparent similarity between both the places of prayer is that they were both aesthetically magnificent and groundbreaking works of art at the time, and are respectively one of the greatest examples of Greek and Byzantine architecture at it’s best. The building of the Parthenon required extraordinary skills of all forms -mathematical, mechanical, architectural, sculptural, and the culmination of this skill resulted in a beautifully harmonious monument. The Hagia Sophia was also planned and developed by the best scholar-theoreticians of the time who managed to...
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...Jo Eun Kim (jek266) Medea: Tragic or Evil? Greek mythology is depicted in a variety of forms, from writings to works to art such as paintings and sculptures. With these different venues of expression, myth is also expressed in various ways, raising the question: how does the depiction of myth differ in texts and images? Sometimes the depiction in images matches that of textual writings, whereas in other instances the pictorial representation presents the same myth in a different light. For the purposes of this essay, I analyze the depiction of the story of Medea killing her children and fleeing Corinth in text and in images. I base my analysis on Euripides’ play Medea, and on images depicted on a Roman sarcophagus from the mid-second century CE, a Greek krater from 400 BC, and an Greek amphora from 300 BC. I argue that Euripides portrays Medea as both a victim and a perpetrator, while the images depict Medea in either a completely sympathetic or a nefarious manner. Euripides’ play portrays Medea’s murder of her children and subsequent fleeing from Corinth in a more well-rounded manner than the one sided depictions that are represented in the images. In order to analyze the differences in how the story is told in the textual version and the images, we must first examine the myth of Medea. Medea, a sorceress, was the daughter of King Aeetes, the king of Colchis. She fell in love with Jason when he came to Colchis to retrieve the Golden Fleece, which was the property...
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...Comparing Nude Women of Art from different eras It is surprising how different female body sculptures from different ancient civilizations are. The diverse forms of human body also embody many different functions and meanings. In art, naked figures reflect a very complex set of formal ideals, philosophical concerns, and cultural traditions. In this essay I would like to compare two sculptures of nude women. The first one is the Venus of Willendorf which was built in Paleolithic Period. Another is called the Venus of Milo carved in ancient Greece. The female body of the Venus of Willendorf depicts enlarged breasts, buttocks and genital, which represents fertility, while the body of Venus of Milo, on the other hand, demonstrates beauty and perfect proportions. Despite the difference characteristics and styles between them, they both represent the different view of the perfect female form. The most widely known female figurine, the Venus of Willendorf, with only 11cm in height, is possibly the smallest female nude sculpture we know. It is one of the most obese representations of the Paleolithic statuary. The Venus of Willendorf can be dated back to approximately the Paleolithic period, around 28,000 to 25,000 BCE. According to some analysis, it was obvious that it had once been “painted with red ochre”, a symbolic substance commonly found in connection with burials and grave goods from the same time period. It was made of Oolitic limestone. Her thighs are also large and pressed...
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...Paragraph) (Heading) (List) (Font) (Link) (Entity) (Comments) (Images) (Tables) (Colors) (Background) (Frame) (Layout) (Embed Music) (Vedio) (body) (Div) ( HTM Tut or i al i n L + + (Form) (Upload) : • Hypertext Markup Language. , । • • • । PHP+Database • Driven WebSite । । webcoachbd.com ( Notepad open Netbeans or Dreamweaver. • • • ) । (Elements) (Tag) (Attribute) >> ( HTM El em L ent s) : (Elements): (tag) page (Element) (closing tag) । HTML HTML Paragraph text, , HTML page Web elements (opening tag) , । 1.
- opening paragraph tag 2. Element Content - paragraph words 3.
- closing tag Web page (Element) elements । । : HTML,head, title body Element... HTML HTML । Welcome to Bangladesh Web page Notepad Open start All Programs > Accessories >Notepad Notepad 1. 2.Welcome to Bangladesh 3. less than greater than ( < >) : Welcome to Bangladesh । Notepad Web page Notepad Double click Page । save open । index.html Browser save open । web element head, elementsWords: 6504 - Pages: 27
...IB Dipolma Extended Essay “30,000 Years of Big Women, What caused the Modern Mortification of the Female Form?” Sarah Martino Candidate Number: 000193-0076 South Side High School 2013 Word Count: 3,002 Number of Pages: 14 Abstract: The goal of this essay is to address the changes in the female form in art throughout time. This topic is obviously pertains to the subject of visual arts as the main focus of this essay is evaluating the aesthetics of the female form through examples of artwork. Many research questions were considered but the one chosen was: “30,000 Years of Big Women, What Caused the Modern Mortification of the Female Form?” To answer this question, I chose a piece of artwork for numerous time periods that included the female form. First researching background information about the artist and the time period and then relating it to why the piece was constructed in that way. Through much research and meetings with individuals who are familiar in this subject matter, I was able to develop an argument, which demonstrated the changes in female form for various reasons. Table of Contents Page 1- Title Page Page 2- Abstract Page 3- Table of Contents Page 4- Essay Page 14- Bibliography Page 15- Table of Images The Cyclades, are a group of Greek islands, of the Aegean Sea, were home to the Cycladic Civilization, which lasted from about 3200 BC- 1100BC. This time period is broken up by historians into the early Cycladic...
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...psychological, and sociosexual functions of veils have not been studied extensively but most likely include the maintenance of social distance and the communication of social status and cultural identity.[1][2] In Islamic society, various forms of the veil have been adopted from the Arab culture in which Islam arose The first recorded instance of veiling for women is recorded in an Assyrian legal text from the 13th century BC, which restricted its use to noble women and forbade prostitutes and common women from adopting it.[citation needed] The Mycenaean Greek term a-pu-ko-wo-ko meaning "craftsman of horse veil" written in Linear B syllabic script is also attested since ca. 1300 BC.[3][4] In ancient Greek the word for veil was "καλύπτρα" (kaluptra, Ionic Greek "καλύπτρη" - kaluptrē, from the verb "καλύπτω" - kaluptō, "I cover"[5]) and is first attested in the works of Homer.[6][7] Classical Greek and Hellenistic statues sometimes depict Greek women with both their head and face covered by a veil. Caroline Galt and Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones have both argued from such representations and literary references that it was commonplace for women (at least those of higher status) in ancient Greece to cover their hair and face in public. For many centuries, until around 1175, Anglo-Saxon and then Anglo-Norman women, with the exception of young unmarried girls, wore veils that entirely covered their hair, and often their necks up to their chins (see wimple). Only in the Tudor period (1485), when...
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...and shape of the structure alone is a testament to his influence over the people (Slanski, 2012). The likelihood of multiple copies of the Law Stele of Hammurabi is strongly supported amongst historians and scholars as their placement was probably in temples and public areas (Iselin, 2005). A deliberate function, which likely served as a reinforcing method of associating law with the divine will of the gods (Slanski, 2012, p. 97). The shape of the Stele is in the form of an index finger, it consists of an image (on the fingernail) and three main bodies of text that is written in the Akkadian language (which was the vernacular used in the region at the time) using cuneiform script and covers most of the structure. The image depicts the solar deity Shamash (God of Justice) prescribing the decree upon Hammurabi and is accompanied by a prologue describing the image and the responsibility of the King to his people as a just and pious ruler. (Duncan, 1904, p. 189). The second body of text is a compendium of 282 laws broken up into four main themes relating to family matters, civil standards, crime and punishment and agricultural practices, covering all aspects of Ancient Babylonian life. Lastly the epilogue (and entirety of the monument itself) was a reminder of the cultivation of justice he created within the community and served as a learning tool for future generations. The significance of the Hammurabi Code was instrumental in the development of modern judicial systems and arguably...
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...Unit Four: Classical Civilizations: Religion and Classical Civilizations A. Read p. 23 (Yes, again.) 1. Question: What is Animism? Answer in a brief paragraph. B. Townsend Harris High School Founders Day Homework Assignment: Select a single Townsend Harris High School alum, and in a one page double spaced font size 12 typed essay (Intro Paragraph, Body Paragraph(s), Conclusion) discuss how they have had an impact on / contributed to the world. Make sure to include biographic details (Where were they born etc.?) and a discussion of their achievements. If you want to do so, list their numerous achievements after your essay. C. Read pp. 92 – 95: (Excerpts taken from) The Epic of Gilgamesh 1. In two brief paragraphs answer the questions found on page 93 Question 1: How would you define the Mesopotamian ideal of kingship? What is the basis of the monarch’s legitimacy? Question 2: What understanding of the afterlife does the epic suggest? Question 3: How does the Epic of Gilgamesh portray the gods and their relationship to humankind? D. Read pp. 95 – 97: Code of Hammurabi Question 1: What sorts of social problems afflicted ancient Mesopotamia? Question 2: To what extent was Mesopotamia patriarchal? E. Read pp. 181 – 183 Question 1: What as distinctive about the Jewish tradition? That is, what was distinctive about Judaism, what made Judaism different from many other religions of the time? F. Read pp...
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...Rachel Hoffman and Sarah Gentil Ms. Wolverton English 1010 January 9, 2013 Body Brainwash? From the beginning civilizations all had their own ideas of the perfect body shape; this ideal image of the body has evolved throughout time, and continues to this day. In this essay we will discuss different aspects of what America specifically believes the ideal body image should be today. The different issues we will be discussing will involve: concerns with the body image, obesity, cosmetic surgery, compulsive exercise, masculinity and models. There are heated debates about whether these topics are negative or positive. Every part of the world has some kind of ideal body image and will go to certain extremes trying to achieve this perfect image. Probably the most known would be foot binding. Some historical records claim that foot binding began its origin in the Song Dynasty 960-1279 A.D.; the practice was outlawed in 1915 (Lim). Yet some continued in secret. At that time foot binding was a status symbol and the only way for a woman to be able to get married in a decent setting. There are a couple of survivors from this practice, Zhou Guizhen, 86, now regrets binding her feet, yet understands that she had no choice. No one would have married her and at the time that was what women were expected to do (Lim). On the other side of the world, Europe had their own opinion on what the ideal body image was. It wasn’t tiny feet, but tiny waists. In Dave Girdle’s site the author gives...
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...Compare and contrast essay: Ancient Egypt and Greece The ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek civilizations are two of the oldest known civilizations in our history. The Egyptian civilization, based in the eastern part of North Africa, is believed to have started around 3150 BC and continued till the end of the Pharaoh rule in 31 BC. The ancient Greek civilization is believed to have been in effect from 1100 BC till about 146 BC. Many similarities and differences existed between these two civilizations, as even though they co-existed during a certain timeframe (1150 BC to 146 BC), they were located in different geographical areas. Because of these differences in geography, both these civilizations were subjected to different kinds of exposure, which included contact with other civilization and cultural inheritance. In the political sphere, we find that the Egyptian civilization had stronger emphasis on central authority, while the Greeks had a more decentralized structure, where powers were distributed over the cities and the states as well. As far as art is concerned, we find that the Egyptians were more involved in creating great monumental and gaudy structures, while the Greeks were more involved in creating smaller, more literary pieces of art. One of the biggest reasons why these two civilizations had these differences is due to their geography. The Egyptians had easy access to large stones that they could bring in to their country and use them to erect such monumental...
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...continuous bleeding. The disorders can result from defects in the blood vessels or from abnormalities in the blood itself, such as in blood clotting factors or in platelets. Ichthyosis (plural ichthyoses) is a heterogeneous family of at least 28,[1] generalized, mostly genetic skindisorders. All types of ichthyosis have dry, thickened, scaly or flaky skin.[1] In many types there is cracked skin,[2] which is said to resemble the scales on a fish; the word ichthyosis comes from the Ancient Greek ιχθύς (ichthys), meaning "fish. Fragile X syndrome (FXS), Martin–Bell syndrome, orEscalante's syndrome (more commonly used in South American countries), is a genetic syndrome that is the most commonly known single-gene cause of autism and the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability Turner syndrome or Ullrich-Turner syndrome (also known as "Gonadal dysgenesis"[1]:550) encompasses several conditions in human females, of which monosomyX (absence of an entire sex chromosome, the Barr body) is most common. It is a chromosomal abnormality in which all or part of one of the sex chromosomes is absent (unaffected humans have 46...
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...sanctuary would do, -- as they should be.’[1] (Medwin, Nov 1821- Mar 1822 (Cf. Ideality of Art)) p. 195 Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage was Lord George Gordon Byron’s first composition which he begun in 1809 and finally completed in 1818. The structure of the poem follows a young promising knight through his journey around Europe. The poem is autobiographical: Byron uses Childe Harold as a fictional figure to respond to, and comment on, life and experiences around Europe whilst Byron was undertaking his own ‘Tour’. The Grand Tour ‘became the fashionable way for young male aristocrats to complete an education whose foundation was classical Greek and Roman history, rhetoric, philosophy, and poetry.’[2] As a Romantic poet, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage Byron uses the depiction of nature as a way to express his opinions of place. Childe Harold is full of images and motifs which takes its reader on a journey, or a pilgrimage, of self-discovery and through foreign lands in the truly beautiful Byronic style. Politics have dominated the critical analysis of Childe Harold in the past, centred on the response of the Battle of Waterloo in Canto III and IV. Nonetheless, Byron’s presentation of the women in the text offers the reader a fresh understanding of the different countries visited by Childe Harold of which I shall concentrate on Spain, Greece and the City of Rome. Spain is described in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage as a ‘splendid sight to see/ (For one who hath no...
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...Your goal is to write an essay showing how two subjects are either similar or different (not both). When comparing subjects, show how they are similar. When contrasting them, show how they are different. In a comparison/contrast paper, be sure to develop a thesis that includes words that signal comparisons, such as “although,” “even though,” “in spite of,” “except for,” “not withstanding,” or “but.” Also, use appropriate transitions to signal comparisons and link paragraphs within the body of your paper, such as “on the other hand,” “in contrast,” “similarly,” “also,” “both,” “even though,” and “in the same way.” In order for two things to be worth comparing, the two things should initially appear to be different. In order for two things to be worth contrasting, the two things should initially appear to be similar. Comparing and contrasting are ways of exploring the similarities and differences between two things. 'Compare and contrast' is often used as a development strategy for essay assignments but it's a helpful strategy for any important decisions you have to make. Generally speaking, comparing is showing the similarities, and contrasting is showing differences between two things that are related in some way. For example, you wouldn't compare/contrast reading a book to driving a car, but you would compare reading a book to reading with an e-reader. COMPARING com·pare (kəm-pâr′) v. com·pared, com·par·ing, com·pares v.tr. 1. To consider or describe as similar, equal...
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