...these demands. The bandpass coupled line filter presented here is specified to have a midband at 2.317 GHz and bandwidth of 68.34%. Passband insertion and return loss is specified to be 10dB respectively. The design was derived from standard filter design theory and formula available in the literature. An optimized computer aided (CAD) design was also generated for comparison. The ‘Microwave Office’ design software was provided by Applied Wave Research Inc., operating with an educational license. Both formula and simulation based designs had nearly identical physical structure and performance under simulation REVIEW OF LITERATURE RF filters operating in the microwave spectrum have a range of applications, including wireless handset and base stations, as well as satellite receivers and military applications. Recently published papers investigating RF filter design reveal a need for ongoing development. These filters operate in an increasingly crowded signal spectrum. They may operate in harsh environments subject to shock, vibration, and extreme temperatures. The industry experiences continuous pressure to improve performance while reducing the size and cost of the filters and their associated systems. Improvements in the electrical properties of available materials are helping meet these demands. PCB materials with higher dielectric constants yield smaller filter structures. The problem that comes while designing ultra wideband filters is that it becomes difficult...
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...ME3281 Microsystems Design and Applications TERM PAPER DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MEMS Energy Harvesters LIM HUI HUA ALVINA A0083044M 2014 Table of Contents 1. Introduction: 2 2. Brief History of Electricity Transduction 2 3. Types of Micro Energy Harvesters 3 3.1 Energy Harvesting from Vibration 3 3.1.1 Fabrication Techniques 5 3.1.2 Applications, Challenges and the Future 6 3.2 Energy Harvesting from Thermal Sources 6 3.2.1 Fabrication Techniques 8 3.2.2 Applications, Challenges and the Future. 9 3.3 Energy Harvesting from Electromagnetic Waves 10 3.3.1 Applications, Challenges and the Future 11 3.4 Energy Harvesting from Light Sources 11 3.4.1 Fabrication 12 3.4.2 Applications, Challenges and the Future 13 4. Conclusion 13 References: 14 1. Introduction: One of the goals of engineers and scientists in this already tech-savvy age is to be able to design a device that is capable of powering itself for its lifetime without having to replace or recharge its battery using a power chord. These allow remote devices to be placed in hostile or inaccessible environments without requiring any or little maintenance such as the changing of batteries. This is especially applicable for silicon-based electronics, such as biomedical implants that have low power consumption, where batteries will largely affect its size; operational cost of the device, or perhaps even release harmful chemicals into the body. In addition, wireless sensor...
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...California HighSpeedRail Series High Speed Rail in Japan: A Review and Evaluation of Magnetic Levitation Trains MamomTaniguchi Working Paper UCTCNo. I02 The University of California Transportation Center Umversity California of Berkeley, CA 94720 The University Transportation of California Center The University of California Transportation Center (UCTC) is one of ten regional units mandated by Congress and established in Fall 1988 to support research, education, and training in surface transportation. The UCCenter serves federal Region IX and is supported by matching grants from the U.$. Departmerit of Transportation, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and the University. Based on the Berkeley Campus, UCTCdraws upon existing capabilities and resources of the Institutes of Transportation Studies at Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, and Los Angeles; the Institute of Urban and Regional Development at Berkeley; and several academic departments at the Berkeley, Davis, Irvhae, and Los Angeles campuses. Faculty and students on other University of California campuses may participate in Center activities. Researchers at other universities within the region also have opportunities to collaborate with UCfaculty on selected studies. UCTC’seducational and research programs are focused on strategic planning for improving metropolitan accessibility, with emphasis on the special conditions in Region IX. Particular attention is directed to strategies for using transportation...
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...a system design that could provide assurance to the people at times of natural calamity especially earthquake. Seismic engineers have tried many ways like having multi-layered stone infrastructures that introduced stiffness and rigidity that could resist frail earthquake movements, but then having those strongly built firm stone constructions would not be enough since it cannot withhold forceful and high level of magnitude and intensity of this catastrophic event. Seismic base isolation refers to the systematic way of reducing interaction between the ground and the structure. Base isolation system is the most known mean of protecting infrastructures from the seismic...
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...Thomaz Paschoal Writ 340 Prof. Townsend 05/01/2012 Illumin Article Portfolio Abstract: This paper is aimed at highlighting the benefits of installing structural health monitoring systems on structures. Through a case study, I examined the various issues with todays outdated visual inspection techniques and showed how the installation of SHM systems on new bridges solves many of these issues. Bio: Thomaz Paschoal is a junior majoring in Civil Engineering at the University of Southern California. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil. Outside of class he is involved with Engineers Without Borders and the American Society of Civil Engineers. Structural Health Monitoring Systems Imagine for just a second that you live in Minneapolis, Minnesota; you work in one of the many shiny downtown skyscrapers. It’s Wednesday, 5:30 p.m., and you decide to go back home to the northern suburbs of the city. You are about to get on the I-35W Bridge over the Mississippi river, a bridge that you take at least twice a day. But this crossing is not like the hundreds of other previous crossings. On August 1, 2007, this bridge, a major commuter route, simply collapses into the river. 13 people die and 145 people are injured and, even more frightening, it could have been worse. The infrastructure in the United States is in need of a major upgrade. There are roads, bridges and tunnels all over the country that are badly in need of repairs. According to the Federal Highway Administration there...
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...Rock Excavation Introduction The main purpose of this paper is to present rock excavation at an elementary level and provide key considerations and methods of removal when projects requiring rock excavation are encountered. The paper studies three aspects of rock excavation as it relates to building construction. First, rock-breaking processes are introduced and the most commonly used methods in building construction are identified. Second, the environmental impacts related to rock excavation are discussed to provide awareness of the various concerns contractors should consider when planning rock excavation operations. Third, cost implications and scheduling considerations associated with rock excavation are analyzed from an estimating perspective. As a supplement to the academic discussion, findings from an interview with General Excavation, Inc. are presented to provide an actual contractor’s perspective on the topics discussed throughout this paper. The following information will provide an understanding of rock excavation and the various considerations (i.e. cost, local regulations, safety, etc.) contractor’s should have in mind when estimating and planning projects that involve rock excavation. The Rock Breaking Process When determining the proper method for excavating rock there are a few things you should consider. Determine how much rock you anticipate needs excavating. Is the rock solid? Is the rock easily accessible, how far below grade? Do the aesthetics...
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...I. Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to a. Discuss the Sensation and Perception b. Value the importance of Perception that allows us to act within our environment. c. Demonstrate the stimuli by help of perceptual theories. II. Subject Matter Sensation and Perception III. Materials Marker Cartolina Paper Colored Paper Pictures 35 copies of Lesson Hand-outs IV. Procedure A. Preparation Teacher’s Activity | Student’s Activity | “Good morning Class”“Let us pray first, Anyone who wants to lead the prayer?”“Thank you Ms. /Mr._____ for leading the prayer. Again, good morning!”“Ms. /Mr. Secretary may I know who are the absent for today?”"you may take your seat and please arrange your chairs""I will give you a minute to prepare yourself & do what you want before we proceed to our lesson""Okay class, sit properly and please listen attentively in our discussions." | “Good morning Ma’am”(One Student will lead the prayer)(The secretary will stand and tell who are the absentee)(the students will arrange their chair and take their seat)(the students can do anything)“yes ma’am” | B. Motivation Teacher’s Activity | Student’s Activity | "Before we start our lesson, let’s have a simple ice breaker first.""this ice breaker is called "4 pics 1 word""Do any of you know this game?""How it goes?""Thank you. You’re right. I will show 4 pictures that are related to each other and you just guess what does the pictures shows. You will...
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...Wireless Sensor Networks and Their Usage Ali Raza,Shahid Rasheed & Shazib Javeed University Of Central Punjab Abstract Innovations in industrial, home and automation in transportation represent smart environments. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provide a new paradigm for sensing and disseminating information from various environments, with the potential to serve many and diverse applications Networks (WSN), where thousands of sensors are deployed at different locations operating in different modes .WSN consists of a number of sensors spread across a geographical area; each sensor has wireless communication capability and sufficient intelligence for signal processing and networking of the data. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are used in variety of fields which includes military, healthcare, environmental, biological, home and other commercial applications. With the huge advancement in the field of embedded computer and sensor technology, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), which is composed of several thousands of sensor nodes which are capable of sensing, actuating, and relaying the collected information, have made remarkable impact everywhere? Key Words Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Introduction Sensor network is capable of sensing, processing and communicating which helps the base station or command node to observe and react according to the condition in a particular environment (physical...
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...Air Cargo Management-13 Yoon Seok, Chang School of Air Transport, Transportation & Logistics, KAU Email: yoonchang@kau.ac.kr 1 Why Use 3PL’s? • Save time – Don’t need to invest in: Trucks, Training, Development • Narrow your focus – Allows you to focus on your strengths • Reach more customers more effectively – Can ensure delivery times – can help a company run leaner Types of 3PL Providers • – – – – • Transportation Based Services extend beyond transportation to offer a comprehensive set of logistics offerings. Leveraged 3PLs use assets of other firms. Non-leveraged 3PLs use assets belonging solely to the parent firm. Examples: FedEx Logistics, UPS Logistics Financial Based – Provide freight payment and auditing, cost accounting and control, and tools for monitoring, booking, tracking, tracing, and managing inventory. – Examples: Cass Information Systems, CTC, GE Information Services, FleetBoston Types of 3PL Providers • Warehouse/Distribution Based – Many have former warehouse and/or distribution experience. – Examples: Exel, Caterpillar Logistics, IBM • Forwarder Based – Very independent middlemen with forwarder roles. – Non-asset owners that provide a wide range of logistics services. – Examples: AEI Types of 3PL Providers • Information Based – Significant growth and development in this category of Internet-based, business-to-business, electronic markets for transportation and logistics service Levels of Outsourcing • Transactional...
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...art which is entirely or partially based on Lord Buddha and his teachings. It has a high practice of rich symbolic tradition. As Buddhism spread into different nations, Buddhist symbolism was enriched by the cultures it came in contact with. For example, Tibet has borrowed Buddhist art and culture from India since 7th century. The most popular symbolic art in Tibet is comprised of the Eight Auspicious Symbols and the mudras: the hand gestures used by Buddha. These symbolic arts are not simply for decorative purpose, but contain a depth of meaning within them. Tibet also uses sound for Medicine Buddha practices, and although it may seem to be an ordinary chanting, certain musical sounds are categorized as a sound healing medicine. This research paper will examine the symbolic and healing properties of Tibetan Buddhist art and explain their significance in the 21st century. Buddhism, founded in India 2,500 years ago, still remains the leading religion of the Far East that has advanced into a wide variety of forms. It wasn’t until 7th century that Buddhism arrived in Tibet which was comparatively late date compared with the rest of Asia.The religion, writing system, art and many other aspects of Tibetan high culture were obtained directly from India. During the 7th century, the emperor of Tibet, Songtsen Gampo, was fascinated by what Indian Buddhist culture had to offer, so he sent scholars to India for both religious and non-spiritual studies. He also invited Indian scholars to lecture...
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...Boominathan1, G.K.Vijayaraghavan2, R.Kathiravan3 1Research scholar, Periyar Maniammai University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu. Email:nboominathan@gmail.com 2Principal, Dhaanish Ahmed college of engineering, Padappai, Chennai 601 301. Tamilnadu Email: haigkv@yahoo.com 3Professor and Head, Aerospace engineering department, Periyar Maniammai University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu. Email: kathirrk3000@gmail.com Abstract— Enormous growth of population and industries leads waste disposal problems and occupational health hazards like noise, illumination, pollution. They become very difficult to control and manage. Huge amount of money and time are spent year by year to minimize the effects and to find an easy and safe way to manage them. Lot of research works are going on to find an optimum level to minimize the health hazards for workers and society. Various factors are to be considered and it may vary from place to place and time to time. Noise analysis is essential with various related parameters like noise producing sources, its intensity, number of sources and distance. It is necessary to find an optimum safe working area or location for occupational...
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...1898 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS, VOL. 22, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2014 Active Mode Subclock Power Gating Jatin N. Mistry, Member, IEEE, James Myers, Bashir M. Al-Hashimi, Fellow, IEEE, David Flynn, Senior Member, IEEE, John Biggs, Member, IEEE, and Geoff V. Merrett, Member, IEEE Abstract— This paper presents a technique, called subclock power gating, for reducing leakage power during the active mode in low performance, energy-constrained applications. The proposed technique achieves power reduction through two mechanisms: 1) power gating the combinational logic within the clock period (subclock) and 2) reducing the virtual supply to less than Vth rather than shutting down completely as is the case in conventional power gating. To achieve this reduced voltage, a pair of nMOS and pMOS transistors are used at the head and foot of the power gated logic for symmetric virtual rail clamping of the power and ground supplies. The subclock power gating technique has been validated by incorporating it with an ARM Cortex-M0 microprocessor, which was fabricated in a 65-nm process. Two sets of experiments are done: the first experimentally validates the functionality of the proposed technique in the fabricated test chip and the second investigates the utility of the proposed technique in example applications. Measured results from the fabricated chip show 27% power saving during the active mode for an example wireless sensor node application...
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...based on rigorous grade level content. In addition, assessments for science in elementary, middle, and high school were required. To provide greater clarity for what students are expected to know and be able to do by the end of each grade, expectations for each grade level have been developed for science. In this global economy, it is essential that Michigan students possess personal, social, occupational, civic, and quantitative literacy. Mastery of the knowledge and essential skills defined in Michigan’s Grade Level Content Expectations will increase students’ ability to be successful academically, and contribute to the future businesses that employ them and the communities in which they choose to live. Reflecting best practices and current research, the Grade Level Content Expectations provide a set of clear and rigorous expectations for all students, and provide teachers with clearly defined statements of what students should know and be able to do as they progress through school. PHYSICAL SCIENCE LIFE SCIENCE EARTH SCIENCE Development In developing these expectations, the K-7 Scholar Work Group depended heavily on the Science Framework for the 2009 National Assessment of Educational Progress (National Assessment Governing Board, 2006) which has been the gold standard for the high school content expectations. Additionally, the National Science Education Standards...
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...Abstract In this technological revolution world, there is no time for anyone to know what is happening around them. They keep on moving without any care as they give importance to their work rather than others. Due to reduce in moral values one cannot get proper help when they need. This can be solved by this technology itself. Due to time laps many lives are in risk. To reduce this risk factor automatic accident detection and victim analysis plays an important role. Reducing the time laps will reduce the death rate. As reducing the time taken to take first aid will reduce the effect of accident on the victim. Probability of victim security will be more. As now a days mobile is common electronic gadget that is present with everyone and this problem can be solved by it only. By the short message service (SMS) on of the fetcher of mobile will help to solve this problem. By this embedded system we can know the place of accident, status of the victim etc. By this information rescue team will be easily help the victim. By using technologies GPS and GPRS one can easily locate the position of the accident. This project say the technologies that how an accident is detected and victim status. As prevention is better than cure, The main motive of this project is to reduce the accident rate and reduce the time for first aid. The proposed system ensures that to reduce the human death ratio by...
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