...Developing a strategy that creates profitable growth is one of the most important tasks of the management of any organization. In doing so, companies attempt to move away from “red oceans” where competitive forces are at their greatest and actively seek “blue oceans”; uncontested spaces within the competitive market where companies have greatest potential for profit, growth, and market share. Organizations often find “blue oceans” by leveraging disruptive technologies that change the rules of the game within the competitive environment. In presenting a strategic disruptive innovation, I will use the example of Meru Cabs Private Limited (Meru), India’s first radio-cab service introduced in April 2007. Meru has a an interesting history in the context of competitive strategy in that when its services were first introduced by IVCF, the company that owns Meru, no service of its kind was previously available in India. Over the last four years, several companies have introduced radio-cab services that were essentially identical to that of Meru. While the radio-cab industry in India has become a “red ocean”, where several companies are competing for profits and market share, Meru, by virtue of being the first entrant, has established its brand as a provider of comfortable and trustworthy means of transport within major metro cities. Prior to Meru Cabs, the only available modes of transport in major Indian metros were public transport (local rail and bus), yellow cabs and auto-rickshaws...
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...faced to “revolutionary change” as paradigm shift. He describe it as a borderline or limitation we have set to our norm that affects how we view new ideas or change in the workplace or invention. He mentioned that great scientists and inventors of the past misread the sign of new ideas, because their old paradigm (system of rules that set limits on new ideas) could not reimagine the possibility of that idea to come true with the known resources. Barker express that one have to be able to look beyond their present paradigm to see what changes could occurs in society. People such as Einstein, Darwin and Copernicus (the Earth revolves around the Sun and not the other way around) saw adjusted to the new paradigm. 2. I believe this video is an exact example of the struggles managers of various levels and skills face today and of previous times. When in a managerial position, one is expected to be a team player than Mr. /Miss Do It Yourself (DIY). According to the textbook, one of the major challenges managers face especially new managers is changing from their old paradigm role to the new paradigm role they play in the company. One specific struggle is going from a personal identity (as the textbook described) to general specialist. Before the managerial position, you’ll be an independent entity, you having the feeling that you are capable of doing every task alone with minimal dependency on others (co-workers or supervisors). However, this paradigm normally does not make a successful...
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...DARE TO DISRUPT!! DARE TO DISRUPT!! Theme: Means to tackle disruptive innovation Name: Prasun Kumar Das PGPM Participant, Batch 1114 Information Management S. P. Jain Institute of Management & Research Mobile - +91 7506793925 DISRUPTION – The New Age Competitive Strategy Everything is fair in love and war; and competition in a business environment is like a cold war. Innovation has always been the major strategy used by businesses around the world to stay competitive. The traditional paradigm of innovation was to improve the performance of the existing technology, thereby steeping up the performance trajectory. However, value creation for customers may be much simpler than high performing technology. There is always a threshold level till which customers can absorb and appreciate which the traditional paradigm fails to address. This has lead to a gradual shift in paradigm, over the last five decades, from a continuous performance improvement to that of something called ‘Disruption’. Clayton Christensen coined this term and today it has become a big buzzword. He identified ‘Disruptive Innovation’ as a product or service, so compelling in nature that everyone rapidly abandons their current way of doing things to this new approach. IT has been the big enabler of this disruption. The fundamental aspect of disruption is to use the right benchmark, which becomes additive with time. When that happens, we find entire product lines – even the whole market...
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...| When paradigm shifts take place, we see things from a different perspective as we focus on different aspects within our lives. In regards to the work environment, shifting paradigms can directly impact the quality of the products and services. I used to believe that a successful management system breeds a consistent result. However, working for a huge company like AT&T, shifts in management styles can oftentimes yield varying results. AT&T has a reputation of being ahead of the game in regards to technology and the wave of the future. So one would think that “working on the inside” of the business I would be on top of the leading technology. I can heartily say “NOT” due to economic changes that AT&T has endured over the 16+ years that I have been employed by them. The first critical aspect of paradigm shift in an organization is making changes to the culture. When I first started working for AT&T I came into a business that was essentially operated solely by the service of humans. Automation was not quite as intricate as it is today so placing a long distance, calling card or collect call required the aid of a human operator to complete. The culture at the time was people oriented and employees really took the time to service customers and oftentimes put their heart and soul into making the business successful by developing initiatives that were filtered from bottom up. Suggestions and process improvement was encouraged directly from the employees that answered...
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...to: DR. CARMELA N. HADIA When I learned that one of our reaction papers will be about Thomas Kuhn’s ‘Structure of Scientific Revolutions,’ I immediately searched through the internet what this article or book is about. Opening one of google’s link, I saw it was a book and (the story) looked very long. I thought to myself, ‘Oh, no! This is going to be a very long and boring read.’ And I knew I will not be able to finish reading it and give a reaction in a week so I looked for a summary of the book, instead. And there were a lot done by different people/organizations. From the various summaries I read, I found the book interesting because it was not a conventional science book. Yes, it talked a lot about science but the paradigm shift that Kuhn wrote about got my interest. The ‘scientific revolutions’ were true and believable and somehow, I agree with them. Science, or normal science as Thomas Kuhn put it, is the process of gathering facts to build hypotheses that explain different phenomena in the world. It is a ‘research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice.’ And this is the science that almost everybody knows. This is the science I know. I couldn’t care less what those new achievements are. I just watch the Discovery Channel and surf the internet and they would tell me what is new and how things happen in just one...
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...Paradigm Shifts A paradigm shift is a shift in world view which occurs whenever there is a period of stagnation and presents a radical new idea, such as the transition from steam to combustion engines. If paradigm shifts occur at an exponential rate, change approaches infinite, and is expected to reach a singularity where after that point; nothing can be known which NASA has categorized it as an impending event, estimated for 2035. As paradigm shifts occur exponentially, so will the symptoms of the Dark Age be exacerbated including the five beneficent pillars. The meanings of words exponentially vary causing lexical complexity to decay along with the ability to discern reality until it is virtual due to semantic shifts. The severity of higher education may soon become nil as nanotechnology will allow scanning of the brain thus, all thoughts, memories and knowledge can be transferred, recreated or stored for another human. Science and technology won’t help us master reality but instead further enslave the population due to greater dependences on things like nanotechnology to fight disease. Since that is power, governments will ignore needs and possibilities to focus on the prior, and no opposition will exist as semantic shifts further confuse population and government between mechanism and purpose. Finally, the individual must constantly adapt to growing environments due to paradigm shifts, and therefore causes greater inauthenticity which leads to greater ironic detachment. Thus...
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...Habits of Highly Effective People: 1.Be Proactive, 2.Begin with the End in Mind, 3.Put First Things First, 4. Think Win/Win, 5. Seek Frist to Understand, Then to Be Understood, 6. Synergize, 7. Practice Renewal.” You also have to work on having the right Attitude; believe the problem can be solved. Take the right actions, Reread the problem several times, and Redescribe the problem. Work on Solution Procedures, Keep Track of Progress, Break the Problem into Sub problems, Start at a Point You Understand and last Accuracy, Check and Recheck. Understanding Paradigm shifts & Paradigm paralysis, you first must understand what a paradigm is, “It is a model or pattern based on a set of rules that define boundaries and specifies how to be successful at and within these boundaries.” A paradigm shifts can happen fast or over time, and you have at the world in a new way; you have a new set of rules, new models replacing old. A paradigm paralysis can occur when you or a company becomes stuck in there ways, and won’t change with times. When working with a team you must work together. Know your teams’ strengths and weaknesses, and use that to teams’ advantage. “Tuchman identified four stages of team development; forming, storming, norming, and performing.” There will also be conflicts with other team members and you must work together to resolve those issues so you can be a more productive team. One of the Seven Habits of Highly Effective People is #3 Put First Thing First. Out of...
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... This step is important because every project team should reflect on the their past activities- what went wrong? What could be done different in the future? The lessons learned through reflection must be recorded and incorporated into future projects. Commitment to a common goal is important: A shared understanding of the goal is extremely important but really effective teams go a step further. Their members are committed to the goal. This is extremely important because there is a big difference between understanding and commitment. Commitment is a visceral quality that motivates members to do work and keep working when things go downhill. A paradigm shift (or revolutionary science) is, according to Thomas Kuhn, in his influential book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), a change in the basic assumptions, or paradigms, within the ruling theory of science. The implications of this book are profound and in general very relevant today. Many companies have managed to “question” the...
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...Paradigm Shift Problem Solving Theory Research Paper 1 October 2, 2014 What is a Paradigm Shift? A paradigm shift is defined as a “radical change in an underlying theory” (taketheleap.com). Thomas Kuhn in 1962 describes Paradigm shift as when new knowledge replaces old knowledge (www.taketheleap.com) In technology there has been a definite paradigm shift. Globally we use technology in our daily lives. The Paradigm shift in technology began at the creation of the PC, following internet. Technology impacts our personal, business, education and recreation. (www.taketheleap.com) Just think of the baby boomers and older adults. They have had to adjust to a huge paradigm shift in technology throughout their life time. Going from only having access to radio, to black and white TV, to Colored TV, now HD and 3D. To function in society it is almost impossible to do without some sort of technological device. Whether it be a tablet, laptop, PC or smartphone, we need them in our daily lives. This can be frustrating to the baby boomers. They have had to completely change the way they are able to get through their daily lives, banking, paying bills, email, social network media. To some it makes sense it is easier, everything is at your fingertips. Our children on the other hand have no idea what it is like not to have technology. When our children begin school and they are used to learning programs on computers, phones and tablets, now have to use a pencil and paper to apply their...
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...Kuhn's Challenge of the Logical Positivism Viewpoint In Kuhn's book, he argues that there are three phases to the scientific discipline. The first is immature science. It does not yet have a paradigm, consisting of many competing schools who all hold a small bit of truth and are trying to prove why their theory has more merit than the others. Once the paradigm is adopted however, the discipline can move into normal science. Much of the experiments and work done is correcting measurements, trying to uphold the current paradigm, and seeking out new experiments and data that must exist according to the paradigm. Kuhn then explains the third phase, scientific revolution. This is when the previous paradigm is overturned and replaced by a new paradigm. He explains that revolutionary science is vastly different than normal science. Normal science is about forcing nature to fit scientific theories, instead of the other way around. Normal science is also engrossed in collecting new data, experiments, theories, and puzzle pieces that will support a certain theory. He explains that revolutions are brought about as a crisis in the science field. The revolutions are total and completely replace a previous paradigm. They are usually sudden and unpredictable, brought on by a puzzle piece that just doesn't fit the rest of the pieces. He explains that complexity is a requisite for change in his quote, “Given a particular discrepancy, astronomers were invariably able to eliminate it by making...
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...Instilling New Leadership Behaviours in the Organization Once an organization has gone through a traumatic “rightsizing” a leader must instill new behaviours and work with the survivors to rebuild the culture (or work with them to form a new one) and help make the “change” a smooth and positive process. Restructuring and other events are making leaders look to new ways to guide their companies through and emerge, with hard work and in time, a strong confident company. Leading Change How does a leader get trust back? How do they lead the change and make it a permanent fix? Dr. John Kotter contends that there are 8-steps for a leader to implement to facilitate leading a change and help the employees and organization succeed through a transition. (Kotter, ND). The stages are: establish a sense of urgency, form a powerful guiding coalition, develop a compelling vision and strategy, communicate the vision widely, empower employees to act on the vision, generate short-term wins, keep the urgency; tackle bigger problems, make the changes stick. As Alan Mulally wisely demonstrated, (as reviewed in the New Behaviours section above) with Ford Motor Company, he was able to get employee buy-in on a new vision, support them and nurture an optimistic culture. This change was successful because of the adherence to these steps and not rushing but guiding the workers through each step carefully and deftly. Further helping a leader to lead this change is open channel of communication with...
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...E-governance: Dream of the nation M. Shoeb Chowdhury Globalisation is the process of increasing connectivity and interdependence of the world's markets and businesses. In the last three decades, two driving forces -- advances in telecommunications infrastructure and the rise of the information technology, and its rapid productivity growth in the global economy -- played a key role in accelerating the pace of internationalisation. Information Technology (IT) dramatically changed traditional business and working patterns in the 1990s. Companies are now redistributing their businesses and jobs around the world. We know that Electronic Governance (popularly referred to as e-governance) is one of the most significant tools for shaping business and economics today. According to The Economist's print edition, February 14, 2008: "Countries like India may leapfrog the rich world. As it becomes clear that getting entrenched rich-country bureaucracies to move towards e-government will be slow and difficult, hopes are turning to poorer countries. Not that their bureaucracies are intrinsically more promising. Even under British colonial rule, Mahatma Gandhi was a severe critic of Indian officialdom. His words of advice are displayed in public offices all over India: "Who is a customer? The customer is the most important visitor on our premises. He is not dependent on us. We are dependent on him. He is not an interruption of our work. He is the purpose of it. He is not an outsider in our...
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...Personal Exploration of Knowledge Darchelle Mitchell University of Phoenix Personal Exploration of Knowledge What is epistemology? Simply put, it is the science or study of knowledge. It is curious that often human beings do not question the origin of knowledge, especially concerning common-sense beliefs and practices, taking on the notion that having been there always, it is tested, established, and proven to be true over practice. If knowledge is socially created and structured by man, it will also be subject to the flaws and fallibility and human thought. Epistemology addresses this by asking questions like - how is knowledge acquired and established, how do we know what we know, what is knowledge? These are basic and intriguing questions about knowledge that is not often addressed by us human beings when confronted with new or ordinary ideas and knowledge systems. They are important to ask however simply because human society's bedrock is knowledge; we live our lives influenced by systems of knowledge that control our ways of thinking, doing, and living from our simplest to most complicated tasks. Epistemology To truly understand epistemology as the philosophy and science of knowledge, it is important to understand what knowledge means. Knowledge is the knowing and familiarity of a skill, a person, an event, of facts, of descriptions, of abstract concepts. Acquiring knowledge...
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...1. David A. Thomas and Robin J. Ely's three paradigms of diversity focuses on: (1) discrimination and fairness, (2) access and legitimacy, and (3) learning and effectiveness paradigm as shown. "Most people assume that workplace diversity is about increasing racial, national, gender, or class representation - in other words, recruiting and retaining more people from traditionally underrepresented identity group." [1] This is true for both discrimination and fairness and access and legitimacy paradigms. Although these two paradigms are the most common way that companies approach diversity, they are not the most effective way for companies to manage diversity. Discrimination and fairness paradigm focuses on hiring women and people of color according to the Equal Employment Opportunity federal laws, fair treatment, and recruitment purposes. Companies that use this style to manage diversity will continue to face issues because their employees will feel that they were only hired to fill a void and not really hired based on their qualifications. Employees will not feel as though they are valued or even an asset to the company. The goal with this paradigm is to hire people from diverse backgrounds in order for them to increase its numbers for minorities and women. Access and legitimacy paradigm method is used to hire people to fit in a specific group. The focus is to hire people based on the consumer market. For instance, a company located in "Spanish Harlem" hires Hispanics...
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...Rationalist vs. Behavioralist Paradigm Problems 1. During the last five years, your instructor has discussed the emerging field of behavioral finance with many colleagues. The most common reaction has been for those colleagues to smile and say, "Behavioral finance? That's an oxymoron." Oxymoron is defined as a combination of contradictory or incongruous words (e.g. cruel kindness). Explain this reaction using a) the concept of paradigm and b) attributes of the behavioral and rational paradigms. a) According to the concept of a paradigm, someone in finance would operate on a set of principles that their work is based upon. It is the method by which they analyze their data. Under this philosophy the statement is considered an oxymoron because under the colleagues point of view they view those that study finance one that does not act on behavior. They assume that anything that involves finance automatically dictates numbers and thinking ogically in steps. It is not until there is a shift in the paradigm and that they see it from a finance position do they see the possibility of a behavioral implications. b) According to the rational paradigm, one that is interested in finance is well educated, has some predisposition towards the acclimation of wealth and is focused on the market. By the definition this means that they are rational and not behavioral. 2. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions triggered diverse reactions. Most “hard” scientists shrugged...
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