...Harmonized Tariff A harmonized tariff is the process by which the names and classification system of tariffs are standardized via the international market. All classification procedures for products traded between nations have the same descriptions no matter where they are shipped or delivered. This is true for import tariffs, export tariffs and general customs tariffs. The process was established by the World Customs Organization and is supported by 170 countries trading internationally around the world. The actual documentation of the harmonized tariff system is called the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS). When goods are delivered from one nation to another, they go through a process of customs in order to keep track of the products and determine the correct volume of imports and exports. Every product is issued a code which is labeled on the product and checked by customs officials. Since the system is streamlined between countries, it makes it easier for both parties to check the products and keep records. Essentially, the export country's paperwork is generally identical to the import country. Member nations of the World Customs Organization must maintain a tariff schedule with names and codes identical to the other nations. The schedule can vary slightly between countries but has to follow certain parameters. HS schedules are divided among 21 distinct sections with 96 chapters, each defining the harmonized tariffs. It takes the most basic product...
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...come more territorial, whereas the conflicts in the Pacific are likely to challenge the entire state and thus come to concern governance at large (Fiji, Solomon Islands). Fearon (2004; 2005) helps us to understand the dynamics of these wars. He notes that many of the longest civil wars of the world take place in the context of “sons-of-the-soil” disputes. The hallmarks of these wars are that they are protracted, low in intensity, fought between a government and a peripheral ethnic group seeking autonomy or secession, and the rebels do not view the government as a credible partner in peace talks. Democracy and mediation in territorial civil wars in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Table 1 The territorial wars in Southeast Asia and South Pacific, 1960–2005 Territory Insurgents Start date 5 August 1950 1 January 1965 Episode start 5 August 1950 31 December 1965 1 January 1967 1 January 1976 7 December 1975 7 December 1975 1 January 1992 1 January 1997 1 May 1989 1 January 1963 1 January 1948 8 September 1990 8 January 1999 1 January 1963 31 December 1948 27 January 1995 1 January 1997 12 April 2005 1 January 1948 1 January 1948 29 December 1991 1 January 1994 1 January 1958 31 December 1948 27 March 1990 23 December 1996 1 January 1949 1 January 1957 Episode end 249 South Moluccas Republic of South Moluccas West Papua West Papua West Papua East Timor East Timor East Timor Aceh Aceh North Borneo Karen Karen Karen Karen Arakan Arakan Arakan Mon Mon Mon Kachin Kachin Karenni...
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...VODAFONE Vodafone Group is a global telecommunications company headquartered in London, United Kingdom It is the world's largest mobile telecommunications company measured by revenues and the world's second-largest measured by subscribers (behind China Mobile), with around 332 million proportionate subscribers as of 30 September 2010. It operates networks in over 30 countries and has partner networks in over 40 additional countries. It owns 45% of Verizon Wireless, the largest mobile telecommunications company in the United States measured by subscribers. The name Vodafone comes from voice data fone, chosen by the company to "reflect the provision of voice and data services over mobile phones". Its primary listing is on the London Stock Exchange and it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It had a market capitalisation of approximately £92 billion as of November 2010, making it the third largest company on the London Stock Exchange. It has a secondary listing on NASDAQ. Vodafone have come a long way since making the first ever mobile call on 1 January 1985. Today, more than 359 million customers around the world choose vodafone to look after their communications needs. In 25 years, a small mobile operator in Newbury has grown into a global business and the seventh most valuable brand in the world. Vodafone now operate in more than 30 countries and partner with networks in over 40 more. In an increasingly connected world, it’s no longer just about being able to talk...
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