...Both the Han Dynasty of China and the Roman Empire of Italy were huge territories, with Rome being over 1 million square miles, that were greatly advanced in many fields. They had armies that conquered many lands, they had governments which appeased and governed large masses of people. However, what may be most interesting is their development of technology. In the first and second centuries, both the great empires of Rome in Italy and the Han in China had technology to accommodate their numerous populations but both of their attitudes towards technology were different as they viewed and utilized manual labor differently. Their different attitudes led to different developments in their technology, but both eventually saw a decline toward the...
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...road. At 60 BC they established the protectorate in the western regions of wulei. Too keep prosperity they established intermarriage. Although most historians have argued that the Eastern Han dynasty was the most important the Western Regions were overawed by the Han Empire; many states sent envoys to Chang'an along the Silk Road to pay tribute in succession. One reason the han dynasty was so influential on the Chinese empire was due to Power and strength. They had military strength. “After three years, this famous general made a sneak-raid against the Youxian King of Huns, sweeping to victory”. Later on they established the Protectorate....
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...Michael Miranda 12-20-10 The Han and Romans were very large empires that existed from 200 B.C.E through 200 C.E. Technology was key to both empires but they both had different views on technology. Both empires used water to their advantage but the way they used it was different, for example the Han used water to benefit the everyday man while the Romans built the aqueducts, which only benefitted people that had homes. The way they treated the people was different because the Han followed Confucius’ teachings while the Romans were selfish towards the people. The Romans and Han had a huge thing in common which was that they felt superior to the rest of the world. These two empires had many similarities but the way they viewed things was different. A thing that was very vital to both empires was water because without it they probably would have not been the empires that they were. The Romans had aqueducts, which benefitted any landowners, and they were very proud of according to Frontinus who said “The abundance of water is sufficient not only for public and private uses and applications but truly even for pleasure”. According to Huan Tan the Han used the water to make inventions because he said, “Water power was also applied (pestle and mortar)”. Although they both used water to build inventions the Romans built their inventions on a large scale while the Han built theirs on a small scale. The Han treated the lower class with respect while the Romans...
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...components of Chinese culture includes art,cuisine, festival and etc. People in the culture Identity Throughout history, many recognized ethnic groups have been assimilated into neighboring ethnicities or disappeared without a trace. At the same time, many within the Han identity have maintained distinct linguistic and regional cultural traditions. The term Zhonghua Minzu has been used to describe the notion of Chinese nationalism in general. Much of the traditional identity within the community has to do with distinguishing the family name. Values Most social values are derived from Confucianism and Taoism. The subject of which school was the most influential is always debated as many concepts such as Neo-Confucianism, Buddhism and many others. Reincarnation and other rebirth concept is a reminder of the connection between real-life and the after-life. In Chinese business culture, the concept of guanxi, indicating the primacy of relations over rules, has been well documented. Chinese Language The Chinese language (汉语/漢語 Hànyǔ; 华语/華語 Huáyǔ; 中文 Zhōngwén) is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees.[4] Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages. About one-fifth of the world's population, or over one billion people, speaks some variety of Chinese as their native language. Internal divisions of Chinese are usually perceived...
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...peninsula. There were many tribes in Korea, prior to 100 BCE, when the Chinese fought and gained control of the western peninsula. The strongest of all the Korean tribes were migratory hunters known as the Koguryo tribe. (Korean Enigma, 2004). The Koguryo tribe was a difficult adversary for the Chinese and made it difficult to for them to keep their stronghold. The Chinese were forced to leave their three outposts in Korea, giving the territory back to the Koguryo tribe. The Koguryo tribe overtook the Chinese, Okcho and Ye tribes, and incorporated them into their own. The powerful Koguryo tribe continued battling the Chinese and eventually conquered half of Manchuria. (Korean Enigma, 2004). The Han Tribes also occupied Korea during this period. With the defeat of the Chinese, the Hans branched out and formed two separate kingdoms, Paekche and Silla. The Three Kingdoms of Korea included Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla. The three kingdoms had many similar characteristics; they were mainly agricultural economies which grew rice and other grains in order to trade. They may have spoken different languages and had different cultural views. (Korean History). At the time, Koguryo was largest of the kingdoms and used its size to conquer parts of China. When they reached the portion of the Chinese Empire...
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...Germanic invasions? Attila? Byzantine Empire Romulus Augustulus? Virgil? Roman Achievements? The major contribution to Western CIF.? Dates of Republic/Empire/Byzantine Trajan? Arch/Architecture? Infrastructure? Greatest Roman Legacy? Gupta Major accomplishments of each Empire? Mauryan Chandragupta Maurya? Indian geography? Invasions into India? Arthashastra Ashoka Maurya? Kautilya? Buddhism and Hinduism? Brahmin? Collapse? Patriarchal/Matriarchal? Chandra Gupta? White Huns? Tamil? Trade patterns/partners? Guild? Political stability? Dates/TL of each Empire? HAN 1. A family of kings, called a ____________, would rule over China during the classical period. 2. The Great Wall of China was built during the rule of First Emperor ____________. 3. The most famous ruler of the Han dynasty was _____________. 4. Wu Ti set up a ____________ for all those who...
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...Ancient Chinese Contributions There have been many contributions made by the ancient Chinese that have benefited us today. A few of those have been: standardized writing, language, money, system of measurement and many more. These were developed by the Qin or Ch’in Dynasty. During the Han Dynasty the Silk Road, papermaking, iron technology (cast iron) plowshares; Moldboard plow, glazed pottery, and the Seismograph. These contributions have all been useful and ingenious. Standardized writing, language, money, a system of measurement and the seismoscope are a few that we really can’t live without. Without standardized writing, language, money and a system of measurement we would not have a way of writing, there would not have been a standardized language of the Chinese culture, standardized money made it easier for trades and such so that people could get a fair trade for things such as grain, barley etc. The system of measurement has given us a universal way of finding the length, volume, area, perimeter, etc. of things. To me the one contribution we couldn’t live without would be the Seismograph. Chang Heng or Zhang Heng, invented the first seismoscope in AD 132, it was called the Houfeng Didong Yi, meaning “instrument for measuring seasonal winds and the movements of the Earth.” From a description in “Dragons and toads: the Chinese seismoscope of BC 132”. Chinese Science 6: 1-19, that it has a large bronze vessel, which was about 2 meters in diameter; eight points...
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...China China remained very isolated, so its ability to learn was limited. This intellectual heritage stressed the basic harmony of nature: Every feature is balanced by an opposite, every yin by a yang. According to this philosophy, an individual should find a way, called Dao, to relate to this harmony. Patterns in Classical China China has maintained the clearest links to its classical past. Already a pattern was set in motion that lasted until the early part of the 20th century. Dynasties would start rule, develop strong political institutions, and encourage an active economy. But afterwards, the dynasty would grow weaker and tax revenues declined, while social divisions increased in the larger society. As one dynasty went down, another emerged and repeated the pattern. * Three dynasties covered the centuries of classical China: Zhou, Qin, and Han. Zhou The Zhou dynasty lasted from 1029 to 258 b.c.e. The dynasty only until about 700 b.c.e. flourished. They replaced the Shang rulers. It was then declined by political infrastructure and frequent invasions by nomadic people from border regions. * Government was not very powerful. * Rulers didn’t have the means to control their territories directly. * In exchange for land, supporters were supposed to provide the government with troops and tax revenues. * Extended territory by taking over the Yangtze river valley. (Middle Kingdom) * Wheat grew in the North and rice in the Southpopulation growth...
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...Chapter Seven: Sikhism Page 172: Answer the Following Questions 1. Discuss Sikhism as a syncretism between Hinduism and Islam. Which features has it taken from each religion? Scholars account the development from context of a conversation amongst Hinduism and Islamic mysticism. The worldview is taken from Hinduism and the oneness of god impacted the Sikhs and their literature. 2. What factors worked to turn the pacific movement of Nanak into the warrior caste of later Sikhism? The torture and death of Arjan and execution of Singh. 3. List the three major sects of Sikhism. What are the major characteristics of each? Udasis- order of holy men who follow the rules and principles that govern Hindu, Janism, and Buddhism. Sahajdharis- conservative and slowgoing, reject militant characteristics. Singhs- theology of reincarnation, non use of stimulants long hair on heads and faces. Chapter Eight: Chinese Religions Page 203: Answer the Following Questions 1. Are Taoism and Confucianism truly religions? Argue both sides. They are truly religions because they embody the concept of religion. Taoism cannot be classified as a religion with certain doctrines and practices but it has been converted to one with prescence of gods, temples, priests, and sacrifices. Confucianism is more of a philosophy of the Chinese people and has no sacred writings priesthood etc. but it has affected Chinese character and created cultic development. 2. Describe the Chinese concept...
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...undoubtedly, many inventions, four stand out above others that I believe and nominate for are: (1) Iron technology (cast iron), (2) papermaking/currency, (3) guns and gunpowder, (4) medicine, all of which are still utilized by modern humanity. The first nominate greatest Chinese invention is the development of iron and steel. The development of iron and steel led to other advance. In the 5th century BC during the Zho Dynasty (1122-256BC), the Chinese had developed the blast furnace to obtain cast iron from iron ore. The Chinese had access to large amount of clay; clay was the most important ingredient in making blast furnace. The Chinese also figured out that by adding a substance the called “black earth” they could lower the melting point of iron; today iron and steel are used in many things from cars to buildings. The second nominate and the most important Chinese contributions to the modern world are papermaking. The earliest known piece of paper with writing on it was discovered near the 2nd century B.C, some say about 150 B.C. Although it is recorded that the Han Dynasty (202 BC –AD 220) court eunuch Cai Lun (b.c. 50-AD 121) invented the pulp papermaking process and established the use of new raw materials used in making paper, ancient padding and wrapping paper artifacts dating to the 2nd century BC have been found in China. In the papermaking process established by Cai Lun in the 105,...
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...what are the differences between its past and present forms? How can we compare today’s trade network with the ancient one? What makes the new network possible and how can we make it better today? There are some similarities between the old and the new; something was preserved through this long span of time. Globalization as well as avant-‐garde technology development together made this happen. Zhang Qian in the Western Han Dynasty started the Silk Road and the routes were gradually...
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...Jonathan Chambers December 9, 2013 History Mulan Comparison The movie Mulan was surprising similar to many ideas and events in China’s history. Sometimes, movies are not realistic and even give a false account of historical events. I thought, for the most part, that Mulan was an excellent representation of China’s army and how it functioned during the Qin Dynasty. In the movie, Mulan volunteered to go to war for her father when he was called to serve. When her father was called to go to war, he was old and crippled but the army commander didn’t care. This is an example of the inflexibility and harsh rules of the army which truly did exist. Mulan enlisted in the army as a young boy, without a whole lot of physical strength but the army was just as hard on her as anyone else. It didn’t matter what the excuse was, you were expected to serve, and serve well. There was great pride in serving in the army and many wanted to serve to make their ancestors proud. In the religion in China, it is important to make your dead relatives proud and help you get a better place when you die. Also, in Chinese culture, a woman’s place was one of quiet obedience. This was displayed in Mulan in the beginning when she was being prepared to be married off and was told to be quiet when she tried to say what she really wanted to do. Women were not allowed in the army and this was said during the movie, too. Also, when the women were getting Mulan ready, they used jade, which was believed...
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...Hum 111 Abstract Ancient Chinese Contributions. (1) Identify eight to ten of these useful inventions or contributions. (2) Nominate four that you believe are the most ingenious or innovative. (3) Explain why you believe these four inventions or contributions are the most useful inventions or contributions from the ancient Chinese. (4) Identify one invention or contribution that you cannot live without and explain why. The Ancient Chinese Contributions (1) Gunpowder One of the inventions created by Ancient China gunpowder as early first century and was used at that time to make medicine for perpetual rejuvenation. Black gunpowder was not invented till the end of the ninth century and was first used to make fireworks, and later the lighting of fireworks became a Chinese tradition to celebrate festivals. The gunpowder was used in weapons at the end of the 10th Century, when firearms such as exploding arrows heads, flintlock rifles and cannon became available on a large scale. During the 18th century when Western powers invaded China, the Chinese troops were still using flintlock rifles and cannons. At the end of the 14th century a Chinese named Wan Hu fitted a chair with 47 prototype self-made rockets and held a large kite in his hands. His plan was to fly into space and then float back down to the Earth using the kite. The rockets ended up exploding and killing Wan Hu but in his honor In the 1970s, the International Astronomical Union named a lunar crater after...
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...rocket bombs with aerodynamic wings and explosive pay loads. The purpose of this list, inventions are regarded as technological first developer in China, some does not include foreign technologies developed in elsewhere and later invented separately by the Chinese, such as the odometer and the chain pump. Scientific, mathematic or natural discoveries, changes in minor concepts of design or style and artistic innovations cannot be regarded as invention and do not appear on the list. The 4 great inventions was design by Joseph Needham (1900-1995), a sinologist known for his research on the history of Chinese science. In alphabetical order, they were establishing in China. Fragment of hemp wrapping paper dated to the reign of emperor WU of Han (141-87 BC) Identify eight to ten of these useful inventions or contributions. GPS, fireworks, bullets, compass, paper, pasta, wheel barrow, alcohol, kites and mechanical clock. Nominate four that you believe are the most ingenious or innovative.GPS, clock, alcohol and compass. Explain why you believe these 4 inventions or contributions are the most useful inventions or contributions from the ancient Chinese. I believe that 4 are very useful to us because it can help you out in everyday in the world. The GPS is very handy because it will give the time the length in time and the direction on how to get to any and everything. The alcohol is the one that you can put on wounds and the other alcohol is the one you use to...
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...world. We have many things today in this world that is all because of Chinese discoveries and inventions. From spices to material to gun powder and paper making, we have inventors of ancient China to thank. Gun powder, printing, paper making, the compass, porcelain, silk, tea and medicine are some of the greatest contributions given to the world and I know exactly which ones I would want to see the history on when first arriving to China. Gun powder is the first on my personal list of greatest contributions or inventions from the ancient Chinese. Gun powder was discovered when alchemists from china got the idea when dealing with sulfur and other substances. They are said to have been used in some military application during the Tang Dynasty. Some argue that without guns there would be no violence and without gun powder there would be no guns I have to disagree. Guns are only used for violence when they end up in the wrong people’s hand. Guns can be used for hunting which feeds hunters and their families. Guns are used as part of recreation and games as well, and who doesn’t love any type of competition. Lastly, gun powder is used on fireworks and fire crackers. What person cannot think back in their childhood where they played with fire crackers with their friends and line up to see fireworks on the fourth of July? People do not stop and think about what other uses can be attributed to the invention of gun powder. Tea is...
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