...Health Policy Determinant Timeline Kwabena Aboagye HCS/550 June 02, 2014 John Dean Health Policy Determinant Timeline In 1950, most American receives their health coverage through the private insurance market, usually through their jobs. Many people buy insurance on their own in the individual market. Since coverage from private companies is the largest surge of insurance for Americans it is likely to be a central part of federal and state health reform efforts. Private health coverage is a mechanism for people to protect themselves from the potentially extreme financial costs of medical care if they become severely ill, and ensure that they have access to health care when they need it. Private health coverage products pool the risk of high health care costs across a large number of people, permitting them (or employers on their behalf) to pay a premium based on the average cost of medical care for the group of people. This risk-spreading function helps make the cost of health care reasonably affordable for most people. Medicare and Medicaid were previously known as Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA). In 1965, the Social Security Act establishing both Medicare and Medicaid. The Social Security Administration (SSA) became responsible for the administration of Medicare and Social and Rehabilitation Service become responsible for the administration of Medicaid. In 1970, Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) are one of three types of major...
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...Hill HCM 620 Policy Making Abstract Health is said to be universally important. The word health has been defined differently by many. The first of many definition was given by WHO better known as (World Health Organization), they defined health as the “Complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WH0, 1948). There are several more, just to name a few, Bircher, 2005, said that health is “the dynamic state of well-being characterized by a physical and mental potential. The second and last definition was given by Saracci Radolfol in 1997 defined health as “a condition of well-being, free of disease or infirmity, and a base universe and human rights.” Health seems to be defined differently by many, but when it all comes to a head it means the same thing. Introduction This paper today will be discussing the following things about health and they are listed below; 1. Discussing ways in which society is conceptualized by a society, 2.What are the determinant of health in human, 3. What is the connection between how society defines health and how it pursues health, 4. Has increase access to technology changed that perception over the last decade and 5. Discussing the connection between health policies, health determinants, and health. Discuss ways in which health can be conceptualized by a society. There are several ways that health can be conceptualized by a society, and here are a few ways of Health is frequently conceptualized...
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...main claim is that social determinants of health (such as income and gender inequality) should be considered in Canadian health policy because they shape a person`s life and link “government policy, the market and the health and well-being of citizens” (Raphael, 2008, p. 232). As such, Raphael cites three barriers that impede the recognition of social determinants in Canadian policy. They are: 1. The dominant biomedical ideology of positivist science based on the empirical evidence, sees health and illness as individual pathology, taken out of social and environmental determinants shaping health (Raphael, 2008, p. 224). 2. The public ideology of individualism isolates health issues as personal responsibilities as opposed...
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...R T H E R N T E R R I T O R Y D E PA R T M E N T O F H E A LT H Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 www.healthynt.nt.gov.au NT Department of Health Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 Background This framework provides a structure for describing the type of health promotion actions that are used across the Northern Territory. It enables a shared understanding of the actions that can be taken to improve health and wellbeing. It also provides guidance about embedding a health promotion approach into all planning processes, programs and service development across the NT. While this framework is intended to be used within the health sector, we strongly encourage other sectors and agencies outside of the health domain to use the framework. This framework should be used in conjunction with health promotion audit tools and other health promotion resources available in the NT, such as the Public Health Bush Books and the Quality Improvement Program Planning System (QIPPS). It is also designed to be used as a guide, together with other local, regional and national frameworks, policies, strategies and resources. Why Health Promotion? The World Health Organisation (WHO) acknowledges the growing evidence that health promotion and preventive health approaches are effective in improving overall health and wellbeing, reducing the burden of chronic disease and injury, addressing health inequities, facilitating the better use of resources and enhancing economic...
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...Discuss the ways that health can be conceptualized by a society When viewing the concept of health by individuals in a society, different answers will surface. Some people may view it in a positive or negative way or may even have both negative and positive perception. Some may conceptualize health as being the absence of diseases and illnesses and on the opposite side; individuals may associate health with disease, hospitalization and possible death. These are also the negative views on health. This is evidence that health does not have a solid definition. In 1948, World Health Organization (WHO) described the word health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. From my perspective, WHO definition of health, tries to include health mental, physical and social well-being into the definition, rather than just viewing health as just an asset. One way to truly understand this definition is by breaking down the key words used. Namely, physical well-being, social well being and mental well being. Physical well being can be defined as the overall physical appearance of different individuals, which includes physical fitness, healthy diet and keeping physically fit. When it comes to social well being, it can be defined as the state in which human beings are able to coexist with other human beings. Adaptation is very important when it comes to social wellbeing because, it is of upmost importance that in order...
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...Introduction In most cases, being a good corporate citizen goes hand in hand with high levels of political competence. This statement rings true when it comes to the formulation of health policies. Health executives must always consider a multitude of factors before jotting down any sort of health policies. This is because the implications resulting from implementing a health policy are quite numerous since that policy affects a lot of individuals. Seasoned executives who have mastered the skills of political competence are able to analyze factors that might crop up as a result of pushing for the implementation of a particular health policy, thus enabling them to identify potential pit falls that might pose challenges in the future. There have always been a lot of misconceptions on the topic of political competency, with most people associating this concept with actual politics. Although the issue of political competency applies largely to the field of politics, it can still be incorporated in other different dimensions. Political skill or competence is the “ability to read, understand, and exert influence and control in social situations in a way that is not seen as overt or controlling” (Ahearn, Ferris, Horchwarter, Douglas and Ammeter 2004 p.309). On the other hand, a good corporate citizen can be defined by incorporating Matten and Crane (2005) limited view of corporate citizenship which basically denotes corporate philanthropy in the local community. Although other views...
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...Muda Mura and Muri | Lean Manufacturing Wastes Lean Manufacturing Wastes When people think of waste in manufacturing they usually only think about all of the scrap material that gets thrown away or if your lucky recycled, they often forget about all of the other actions that waste our time, our resources and our MONEY.. When someone who has had some contact with Lean Manufacturing talks about waste they are often talking about Muda, or the seven wastes (or 8+ wastes depending on your definitions), but they often forget the other wastes defined within the Toyota Production System; Mura and Muri. Muda, The Seven Wastes Muda is any activity or process that does not add value, a physical waste of your time, resources and ultimately your money. These wastes were categorized by Taiichi Ohno within the Toyota production system, they are; * Transport; the movement of product between operations, and locations. * Inventory; the work in progress (WIP) and stocks of finished goods and raw materials that a company holds. * Motion; the physical movement of a person or machine whilst conducting an operation. * Waiting; the act of waiting for a machine to finish, for product to arrive, or any other cause. * Overproduction; Over producing product beyond what the customer has ordered. * Over-processing; conducting operations beyond those that customer requires. * Defects; product rejects and rework within your processes. To this list of the original seven...
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...Hepatitis B: A Global Health Crisis Gina Duron Grand Canyon University: NRS 427V November 15, 2015 Hepatitis B: A Global Health Crisis Approximately one-third of the world’s population have been infected with the hepatitis b virus (HBV) and 240 million people are infected with chronic hepatitis b infection worldwide. This communicable disease is a potentially life threatening liver infection. It has become a global health problem that affects all areas of the world. Many organizations, health care providers, and governments around the world are working together to address the health concerns that affect different parts of the world. By understanding the health determinants that affect hepatitis b and researching the epidemiologic triangle of hepatitis b, policies and plans can be developed to guide the community health nurse in her role in reducing the morbidity and mortality of this communicable disease. What is Hepatitis B? Hepatitis b is a viral infection that can manifest as acute or chronic. Approximately ninety percent of adults with a normal immune status can recover completely from a newly acquired hepatitis b infection. Infants, young children, immunocompromised persons infected with hepatitis b are more at risk for developing the chronic form of disease which can lead to life threatening liver disease and liver cancer. Symptoms of HBV include jaundice of skin and sclera, abdominal pain, fever, joint pain, weakness and nausea and vomiting. This communicable...
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...of the social determinants of health on accessibility to health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. INTRODUCTION 150 words Nurses have an extensive role in caring for the health and wellbeing of people and ensuring they have accessibility to health care. This paper will explore and provide evidence into how the social determinants of health, especially racism or racial discrimination impacts on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders or Indigenous Australian people’s access to health care. Exploring the impact of social determinants of health on Indigenous Australians and the numerous poorer health outcomes experienced by this population group will...
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...University of the People HS 2711-01 Health Science 1 Discussion Forum Unit 5 - "Second Academic Year 2023-2024 Term: 3. Instructor: Dr. Tiffanie James Parker. March 04, 2024 Introduction In the discussion I had during week 3, I highlighted the importance of social determinants in shaping the health outcomes of our community. I emphasized how factors like access to quality healthcare, education, and socioeconomic status can significantly impact the overall well-being of individuals. Since then, I have read more about this topic and gained a deeper understanding of how social determinants affect health outcomes. I am happy to report that my initial arguments have been further reinforced and enriched with additional evidence, strengthening...
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...Developing healthy public policy (HPP) in reducing burden of diabetes in the Aboriginal population is one type of health model that may applied in Canada. Considering the social determinants related to housing, health literacy, employment, education, socioeconomic, cultural, and social contexts are factors involved in establishing HPP (Naidoo & Wills, 2009). Integrated policy-making involving multiple levels in society as illustrated in the Dahlgren and Whitehead ”Rainbow Model of Determinants”, in addition to different levels of government (municipal, provincial, territorial and federal) need to collaborate when building HPP (World Health Organization, 2015). A targeted diabetes prevention plan encompassing health promotion, disease prevention aiming to reduce the inequalities in the social determinants of health is essential to decrease the prevalence of type II diabetes in Canada....
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...as education, income, and health, I will use, The Social Determinants of Health Model, to guide my future practice. According to, The WHO, “The social determinants of health are the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age, and the systems put in place to deal with illness. These circumstances are in turn shaped by a wider set of forces: economics, social policies, and politics” ("Social determinants of," 2013). In other words, in order to promote, maintain, or return a person to health, it is imperative to understand the circumstances of that person’s social and physical environment currently and historically. In addition, it is important to consider barriers to health imposed by community economics, worldview, and social policies in place. With these concepts in mind, I can individualize a care plan in partnership with the patient. By understanding the prevailing attitudes, social policies, and economics specific to the location of my future practice, I can also address conditions that create health disparities. For example, I might observe that I am seeing a large percentage of patients that smoke, or are obese, or have diabetes. To address these unhealthy habits on an individual basis, I will understand that people cannot be treated without understanding their personal and community environment. My goal in practice will be promoting optimum health in the individual, while understanding that eliminating barriers to health in the community is the key...
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...There is a body of literature by Canadian and international academics examining the determinants of health care expenditures, thereby offering suggestions regarding what variables can be influenced to reduce the health care expenditures. One Canadian researcher, Livio Di Matteo, did many studies on the determinants of Canadian health care expenditures. In Livio Di Matteo and Rosanna Di Matteo (1998), they used a pooled time-series cross-section model and provincial data over the period 1965-1991 to examine the determinants of real per capita provincial government health expenditure, finding that the real per capita provincial government health expenditures were positively and significantly affected by real provincial per capita income, the...
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...The Population health issue I have selected is Obesity. It is a serious health problem. Poor dietary habits and physical inactivity are among the factors that lead to obesity. About 70% of American adults are obese or overweight. In 2005, unhealthy diet was responsible for about 350,000 deaths in the United States (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). Our health status is mainly determined by how we live our daily lives. How we interact with the environment in which we live also support our abilities to live healthy and prosperous lives. Our engagement in physical activity helps to maintain healthy bones, muscles, joints, and weight. Our engagements with our physical environment associate with the promotion of feelings of well-being. It reduces feelings of anxiety and depression. Thus, the five population health determinants are; access to health care, individual behavior, social environment, physical environment and genetics (Knickman & Kovner, 2015). The concept of social determinants often denotes how income, education, access, housing and other factors contribute to our wellbeing. Knickman & Kovner (2015) defined social determinant as “The circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age, and the system in place to address an illness in turn shaped by larger forces, including economic, social policies and politics.” (Knickman & Kovner, p376, 2015). Public Policy influences these social determinants. For instance, the government health system contributes immensely...
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...In this essay I will be looking at the social and psychological determinants of health in the client group that I work with. This group is known as one of the most vulnerable group within the society and this is evident in its inequalities in health care. ‘Determinants of health’ is a term introduced in the1970s as part of a wider critique of public health research and policy. It was argued that too much research attention and too much health expenditure were being devoted to individuals and their illnesses and too little invested in populations and their health….. Public health, it was concluded, should be more concerned with social policies and social determinants than with health services and disease outcomes’ (Graham, 2004). The World Health Organisation (WHO) sees ‘inequalities in health care’ as the differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups. It can be the differences in mobility between elderly people and younger populations or differences in mortality rates between people from different social classes. Some inequalities in health are attributable to biological variations or free choice and others are attributable to the external environment and conditions mainly outside the control of the individuals concerned. The group of people I work with are people with ‘Learning disabilities’ (LD): “Learning disabilities is a state of arrested or incomplete development of the mind” (DH, 1995). A person with LD...
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