...The multifunctional model is a model that recognizes the multi-fractural nature of health and illnesses. It is not as clear or simple that illnesses are caused by a single factor. It has been found through research over the years that a number of factors, as how the different factors relate to and determine both illness and health issues in people. A number of factors makeups the multi-factorial model like the environment, different stressors, social cultural traits, and behavior. These ranges of factors include problems and different forms of stress in and out of a person’s control. There may be many factors that cause illness like genetic, family upbringing, traumatic events, and life experiences, all of these factors can have a positive or negative effect on a person. Some people can also create illness depending on the person's reactions and coping abilities. With any disorder, there are many factors to consider. Behavior Personality and behavior figure in a large number of health issues in people. The factors are seen in a large number of death’s the can be prevented in the United States alone. First cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable illnesses and diseases; According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) in 2009 the CDC reported more than 443,000 deaths from smoking and second-hand smoke combined. The CDC also reported the nearly 46 million people in the United States smoke despite the risk factors like cancer...
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...Psychology and Health Problems Psychology and Health Problems Summarizing the multifactorial model between health and illness, physicians and psychologist have determined a correlation between life experiences, history of family’s disease, and a person’s abilities to handle situations that directly affect their health in a negative or positive outcome. Cultural diversity plays a role in whether a person is able to receive better health care in relation to social economic factors than the country in which they live. Even though the United States and Canada have the advance health care than other European countries there is still the factor of lack of insurance and lower status of social economics that many lack the source of good health care (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). Psychological, environmental, biological and sociocultural factors affect a person’s health whether female or male. Two health problems that are first discussed in the text are premenstrual syndrome and headaches. Headaches are accountable in 20% of people who suffer from the two most common severe types of migraine and muscle tension headaches. GAS or general adaptation syndrome in the first two stages forces the muscles to contract in the forehead, shoulders, neck and persistent stress can lead to the constant constriction of those muscles. Tension headaches are described as a feeling of a viselike pressure throughout the head. Another major headache known as migraines is seen in about 28 million people...
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...Psychology and Health Problems Psy210 12/12/2010 Psychology and Health Problems Summarizing the multifactorial model between health and illness, physicians and psychologist have determined a correlation between life experiences, history of family’s disease, and a person’s abilities to handle situations that directly affect their health in a negative or positive outcome. Cultural diversity plays a role in whether a person is able to receive better health care in relation to social economic factors than the country in which they live. Even though the United States and Canada have the advance health care than other European countries there is still the factor of lack of insurance and lower status of social economics that many lack the source of good health care (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). Psychological, environmental, biological and sociocultural factors affect a person’s health whether female or male. Two health problems that are first discussed in the text are premenstrual syndrome and headaches. Headaches are accountable in 20% of people who suffer from the two most common severe types of migraine and muscle tension headaches. GAS or general adaptation syndrome in the first two stages forces the muscles to contract in the forehead, shoulders, neck and persistent stress can lead to the constant constriction of those muscles. Tension headaches are described as a feeling of a viselike pressure throughout the head. Another major headache known as migraines is seen in about...
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...Psychology and Health Problems James Hasty Axia College of University of Phoenix PSY 210 Introduction to Psychology Alshondrea Denton March 22, 2009 There are many health problems that can be associated to an individual’s reaction to life changes and stressors that can be experienced every day or a little at a time. This paper will summarize the multifactorial model and describe how it relates to the diagnosis of illnesses and it will explain what role psychology has played in understanding and managing two health problems discussed in the text. My hope is that this paper will help reinforce the ways that we can overcome the stresses we experience every day and live a healthier lifestyle, so that we can give our children an example to follow in order to improve their quality of life. According to our text, the multifactorial model is the belief that health and illnesses are a function of multiple factors involving biology, psychological, and cultural domains, and their interactions (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). The way that the multifactorial model works is by identifying factors that can affect our health and susceptibility to illness so that we can, in turn, control them and prevent them from affecting us further. The multifactorial model breaks the factors into six different categories; these categories are biological, sociocultural, environmental, personality, behavior, and stressors. Biological factors are the most obvious causes of illness. Things such as a family...
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...Psychology and Health Problems Course: PSY/210 September 02, 2010 Instructor: Deb Maison Psychology and Health Problems Psychology has played an excellent role in understanding and managing of health problems by conducting research and recognizing that the interaction between different group factors may cause health problems. The multifactorial model is used to make connection between life experiences, family medical history, genetics, and a person’s ability to handle situations that directly affect an individual’s health in a negative or positive way. It also allows doctors to consider other diagnoses that may be involved when someone is coughing rather than just assuming he or she has a common cold. Medical professional also benefit by treating patients’ efficiently if he or she is aware of their medical condition. In addition, to ease the diagnosis break down of illness the multifactorial model has divided these factors into six categories: biological factors, environmental factors, behavioral, stressors, personality, and sociocultural factors. Biological factors include genetic components, family medical history, gender, and age. Generally, people think that just because their families’ medical history consists of high-risk medical conditions that he or she will be diagnosed with them too. In most instances, individuals do not consider that age and gender also play high role in health. For example, diabetes is a hard disease to detect according to the American...
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...Psychology and Health Problems Cheryl Colwell PSY/210 5/15/2011 Mekel, Harris The multifactorial model helps us to see that a person’s health and even illnesses can be caused by many different elements including, but not limited to, environment, biology, behavior, and stress. The first step is to figure out what is causing the person to be sick before any physical or mental problems can be treated. When a person knows what is causing his or her health problems, they are better prepared to take the steps that are needed to cure or prevent the problem. The physician is more able to treat the patients conditions if they are more aware of all the illnesses causes. This also helps the doctors to treat their patients based on the specifics of their illnesses. The multifactorial module uses sociocultural factors that are connected with health and illness, as reflected in human diversity. These factors include ethnicity, gender, level of education, and socioeconomic status. Psychology also plays a big part in keeping a person healthy by teaching the mind how to deal with stressors that can affect a person’s health. CHD, or Coronary Heart Disease, is one of the major causes of death in the United States. This disease can cause heart attacks and strokes due to stress and unhealthy habits that can be caused by stress such as smoking cigarettes, overeating, or not eating healthy (U.S. Department of Human Services, www.hhs.org). Other elements that can lead to Coronary Heart...
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...Abstract Psychology and health problems go hand in hand. There are several diseases that can be caused when a person does not control the level of stress they have in their life. An unhealthy lifestyle consists of stress, depression, eating high fat foods, and not exercising enough. The more a person knows about how to control their stress levels will help them to deal with some of the diseases that they might get and will also help them to live healthy to control the risk of getting any unhealthy diseases. In this paper I will strive to describe what the multifactorial model is and how it relates to the diagnosis of illnesses. I have also selected two health problems which I will explain what role psychology has played in understanding and managing these problems. The health problems that I have selected are coronary heart disease and menstrual problems. The multifactorial model is described as the belief that health and illnesses are a function of several factors that involve biological, psychological, and cultural domains, and how they interact with each other (Nevid & Rathus, 2005). People might wonder how some people become ill easily and some don’t, or maybe why some people are affected by health problems while others are not. According to the multifactorial model there isn’t one answer to why this happens. There are many factors that include genetics and lifestyle choices. Genes play a role in a person having a chance of getting certain diseases, but they do not...
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...of common disease are becoming more and more rampant. There is a common phenomenon in the China that many people treated with inequality and injustice in health care. From my point of view, I firmly support that each individual has equal right to enjoy the suitable health care. This essay is to identify and discuss the health problem in China and take AIDS as an example, the effectiveness and practicality of these solutions also covered. There is no doubt that the inequality between the medical and health resources should solve. In addition, these problems should be overcome to help from the government., Over the past 50 years, China has made great achievements...
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...Health System of Pakistan Pakistan's health indicators, health funding, and health and sanitation infrastructure are generally poor, particularly in rural areas. About 19 percent of the population is malnourished—a higher rate than the 17 percent average for developing countries—and 30 percent of children under age five are malnourished. Leading causes of sickness and death include gastroenteritis, respiratory infections, congenital abnormalities, tuberculosis, malaria, and typhoid fever. The United Nations estimates that in 2003 Pakistan's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence rate was 0.1 percent among those 15–49, with an estimated 4,900 deaths from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Hepatitis B and C are also rampant with approximately 3 million cases of each in the country at the moment. According to official data, there are 127,859 doctors and 12,804 health facilities in the country to cater for over 170 million people. In 2007 there were 85 physicians for every 100,000 persons in Pakistan. Or in other words, one doctor for 1,225 people. In contrast to most countries, we a have a dearth of nurses and there are only 62,651 nurses all over the nation who are supplemented with a strong force of 96,000 Lady Health Workers (primary health care providers). According to the latest Ministry of Health Pakistan statistics, there were 13,937 health institutions in the country including 945 hospitals (with a total of 103,285 hospital beds), 4,755 dispensaries, 5,349...
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...Trudy A. Linden-Craft PSY/210 Psychology and Health Problems Every individual, at one time or another will experience some level of stress in his or her daily lives. “The likelihood of contracting an illness—be it the flu or cancer— can reflect the interaction of many factors, including genetic factors and lifestyle factors” (Nevid & Rathus, 2005, pg 128). Studies in health psychology have revealed that there is not a distinct straightforward answer to the multitude of questions that arise. When determining how one’s health and susceptibility to stress-related illness is affected, the multifactoral model illustrates a wide range of factors that consist of biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors as well as the interactions of each. This paper will discuss potential health problems associated with each factor and how psychology’s role helps to recognize and control these health concerns. Biological factors are one of the apparent roles that help to determine the risk of an individual illness. Because biological factors are linked to an individual’s genetics, these factors are not able to be controlled by individuals. Some of these biological factors include inoculations, age, gender, injuries, birth defects disabilities, and family history disease. Most of these issues are a lifelong factor that begins in an individual’s childhood. Considering an individual’s genetics, one can determine if a person can acquire a behavior trait or become diagnosed...
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...I’m currently under stress and I’m afraid that I can’t withstand it. There is a college stressor related to time pressures that time is insufficient for me to handle dozens of approaching assignment deadlines as I still even not yet finished any of them. Moreover, I have the concern of future worries that I’m still waiting for offers from universities. Job-related stressor such as the likelihood of being laid off from my part-time job due to the downsizing of the company also affects me at this moment and this triggers my financial concerns since the job is my major financial source and I may not be able to maintain my daily life if I lose my job. Suffering from several symptoms allows me to recognize I’m under great stress. Frequent tension headaches hinder my concentration on work and reduce my efficiency that even forms a vicious cycle with the stress level. Stiff neck and aching lower back also affect my attention during lectures. I tend to become emotionally instable that I am anxious and depressed when I am staying alone and I always think of something that is negative. Moreover, my eating habit is changed that I consume much more than I used to be and harsh criticisms of others are made by me during the discussions of projects with my group mates. Therefore, I realized that my daily life is being influenced by the stress. Exercise is a great way to relieve stress. I feel relaxed and my anxiety decreased when I take long walks between home and school everyday since having...
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...elective deliveries. These are births scheduled without a medical reason between 37 and 39 completed weeks of pregnancy. The prevalence of these unsafe deliveries perfectly embodies the five biggest problems in our health system. Below I explain how — but keep reading, because I do have some words of optimism in the end. Problem 1: Too Much Unnecessary Care Overuse and unnecessary care accounts for anywhere from one-third to one-half of all health care costs, which equal hundreds of billions of dollars, in addition to the half-a-trillion per year experts attribute to lost productivity and disability. Early elective deliveries are unnecessary, according to advice by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, that has been repeated for more than 30 years (that’s not a typo – 30 years), a point reinforced today at a press conference. This is a message carried by several other highly respected organizations like Childbirth Connection, the March of Dimes and the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric & Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN). All national health plans concur. Nonetheless, we saw a dramatic escalation in the rates of these deliveries from the 1990s to the first decade of the new century. Problem 2: Avoidable Harm to Patients This is one of health care’s most common problems. The statistics are staggering. Here’s an example: one in four Medicare beneficiaries that are admitted to a hospital suffers some form of harm during their stay. Would you get in your car if you...
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...Major health problems in india : Major health problems in india communicable disease problem population problem environmental sanitation problem medical care problem nutritional problem COMMUNITY NUTRITION PROGRAMMES: INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICE (ICDS) SCHEME : Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) scheme was launched on 2nd October, 1975 (5th Five year Plan) in pursuance of the National Policy For Children started in 33 experimental blocks Success of the scheme led to its expansion to 2996 projects by the end of March 1994. Now the goal (Ninth Five Year Plan ) is universalization of ICDS throughout the country. Beneficiaries : Beneficiaries 1. Children below 6 years 2. Pregnant and lactating women 3. Women in the age group of 15-44 years 4. Adolescent girls in selected blocks Objectives : 1. Improve the nutrition and health status of children in the age group of 0-6 years 2. Lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child 3. Effective coordination and implementation of policy among the various departments 4. Enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutrition needs through proper nutrition and health education. The Package of services provided by ICDS : 1. Supplementary nutrition, Vitamin-A, Iron and Folic Acid 2. Immunization 3. Health check-ups 4. Referral services 5. Treatment of minor illnesses 6. Nutrition and health education to women 7. Pre-school...
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...Health Care Information Technology Benefits and Problems By Bryan Chadwick Health Care Information Technology, what is it? How does it benefit us? What are some of the problems with it? These are questions that need to be answered. Health Care IT the communications between information science, computer science and health care. According to Forbes we as a nation spent $2.8 trillion on healthcare in 2012 (Pearl, 2013), that is around 18% of the U.S gross Domestic Product (Pearl, 2013). Of that $2.8 trillion spent on HealthCare around $34.5 billion is spent on its Information Technology. (Manos, 2013) We know the definition of health care IT; but what is it really? It is the computer software and systems that each clinic, hospital, and insurance company uses. This allows us to upload patient records easier, transfer data between hospitals. Allows your doctor to pull up your medical history and treat you with much faster response time. Also one main benefit, it allows patients to be able to access health records, treatment information, test results and billing from their computer, smartphone or tablet. With technology giving us the power at our figure tips to access data from anywhere; Healthcare Information Technology can have its benefits and problems. We have listed some benefits with the Information Technology. However what are some of the issues with it. How secure is this information? Is this information HIPPA compliant? According to the Department of Health and Human...
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...Introduction The saying health is wealth has different meanings. It could mean that healthy people have less medical expenses or that people treasure good health more than money. The goal of a healthy lifestyle is to have a long life and remain disease or cancer free. The United States of America is known as a developed nation and people would assume that it provides its citizens with equal and an adequate medical care. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “America spent more on health care per capita ($8,608) and more on health care as a percentage of its GDP (17.2%), than any other nation in 2011.” This means that the US puts a lot of emphasis on their healthcare compared to any other country in the world. But the reality is the Commonwealth Fund, a private American foundation, ranked the United States of America last in the quality of healthcare compared to the world in 2014. Also, America is ranked as one of the most expensive healthcare providers in the world. The US was compared to countries like Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden and Switzerland. The rankings prove that the American healthcare system is indeed facing many issues. Some of the major issues are accessibility of healthcare to all, lack of consolidation within the industry, deficiency in technology, lack of data availability and lastly, over dependence on medications by healthcare professionals such as doctors. The issue highlighted in this...
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