...Three Levels of Prevention in Health Promotion Sarah Hughes July 14, 2013 Nursing Practice and the Three Levels of Prevention in Health Promotion In nursing practice there are three levels of prevention in health promotion- primary, secondary, and tertiary. Prevention consists of not only preventing diseases and other ailments, but curing them and limiting their progression. Primary prevention consists of health promotion and specific protection. Secondary prevention consists of early diagnosis, timely treatment, and limiting disability. Tertiary prevention consists of restoration and rehabilitation (Edelman & Mandle, 2010, p. 14). These three levels of prevention don’t necessarily flow from one into the next but do have a tendency to overlap. In three recent journal articles in nursing practice, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in health promotion are discussed. The primary prevention article discusses how effective motivational interviewing can be in health promotion. It mentions that motivational interviewing can help people understand their lifestyle problems and help them make the necessary changes in their lifestyle to see a positive outcome, which is having a healthy life. It also mentions that it takes a bit of work from the nurse to be able to master this skill and become effective at it. The secondary prevention article discusses secondary prevention of diabetes among health promoters. It discusses how health promoters are concerned that...
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...Health Promotion in Nursing Marcus Botts Grand Canyon University Health Promotion in Nursing In its most simple definition health promotion is the process of facilitating individuals, groups, and/or communities control their own health. There is a strong compatibility between health promotion and occupational therapy with the earliest discussions dating back more than fifty years ago. The idea of health promotion to prevent illness was highlighted internationally in 1978 at an international Conference on Primary Health Care. The Declaration of Alma-Ata expressed the need for immediate action by all governments, health care workers and developers, as well as the work community to promote and protect the health of people worldwide. (Health Promotion: Future occupational therapy in an ageing New Zealand, p36, 2012). In 1986, the World Health Organization (WHO), released the Ottawa Charter, which is perhaps, the most important document in the field of health promotion. It provides five principles to guide health promotion activities: building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and re-orienting health care services toward prevention of illness and promotion of health. These principles provide a vision to which occupational therapy health promotion services should be aligned. (Health Promotion: Future occupational therapy in an ageing New Zealand, p36, 2012). As it relates to health care promotion...
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...Comprehensive Health Promotion Candace Tiley GCU RN-BSN Family-Centered Health Promotion May 27, 2013 NRS-429V June 08, 2013 Comprehensive Health Promotion The purpose of this paper is to discuss the three tiers of Health Promotion which include, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary and how the three levels are applied. Other aspects that will be discussed will include how health promotion is defined, its purpose, and the nurses’ role and responsibility in health promotion. Several articles were pulled that discussed the application of the three varying levels of health promotion. The global goals according to the Healthy People Website include: The attainment of quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Achieving health equity and eliminating disparities and improving the health of all groups of people. Creating social and physical environments that promote good health for all people, and promoting a quality life, healthy development and healthy behaviors across all life stages. (www.healthypeople.com) These goals encompass an individual’s Social Environment, Biologic and Genetic background, the Physical Environment in which they live and work, and the Health Services that they receive along the way. (www.healthypeople.com) The delivery of a comprehensive health promotion program is dependent upon various interdisciplinary teams working together toward a common goal. While Nurses represent the largest group...
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...University: NRS-429V Family Health Promotion 27-Jun-2011 (O109) 06/30/2011 Sickness and diseases has been a global problems predominantly facing mankind. These challenges led to the integration of various programs such like health promotion program, in effort to curb chronic diseases with its relating risk factors and assist in promoting good health and wellness. Health promotion was formed to encourage people to take preventive measure towards their health and to curb the deterioration of sickness and diseases thereby implementing a healthier life style. One of the ultimate goals of health promotion is improving quality of life of an individual, families and communities. These great challenges require a comprehensive approach towards eradicating and/or minimizing its health complications. Health promotion is the ability to create understanding about health among individuals, enabling them to gain that knowledge about their health and willingly take control in other to improve the quality of their health. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health (WHO, 2006). This program is designed to educate people and have them acknowledge the importance of knowing health issues and ways to respond to it. It is a fundamental channel where premature deaths and unnecessary injuries and diseases can be averted. Nursing has been advocating for adequate health since the era of Nightingale...
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...Health Promotion Milena Ramos Grand Canyon University Family Centered Health Promotion NRS-429V Liza Zamudio May 4, 2013 Health Promotion According to the world health organization (WHO) health promotion is defined as the process which enables people to improved control over the determinants of health and as result to improved their own health(Jadellhack, 2012, p. 65) . The intent for health promotion is to provide information for individuals to collaboratively work together, but at the same time engaging each person to make health choices towards the main goal of becoming agents of their own health based on their decision and actions (Jadellhack, 2012) Nursing within the US healthcare delivery from its inception primary focus was to treat chronic diseases instead of preventing them. It is believed that in order for the US to continue to be an economic leader in which health care is one of the main drivers along with a productive workforce the health care industry has to continue its transition from the methodology of curing diseases towards health promotion and disease prevention.(Jadellhack, 2012) As a result of this shift, nurses skills and education levels must continue to evolved by increasing the percentages of nurses with BSN and MSN. Nurses focus on health promotion education in the communities provides positively contributions to the promotion of health in the communities. Some examples which are achieving these efforts are the increase education and...
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...Using the Health People 2010 document (http://healthypeople.gov/About/), answer the following questions. What are the two overarching goals of Healthy People 2010? List the 28 focus areas. How often is HP 2010 updated? Access the HP 2010 document by clicking the “full text of the second edition” link. List the five elements of a community health promotion programs as listed in focus area #7 – Educational and Community-Based Programs. 1.) The first goal of Healthy People 2010 is to help individuals of all ages increase life expectancy and improve their quality of life. The second goal of Healthy People 2010 is to eliminate health disparities among different segments of the population. 2.) The 28 focus areas are: Access to Quality Health Services 2. Arthritis, Osteoporosis and Chronic Back Conditions 3. Cancer 4. Chronic Kidney Disease 5. Diabetes 6. Disability and Secondary Conditions 7. Educational and Community-Based Programs 8. Environmental Health 9. Family Planning and Sexual Health 10. Food Safety 11. Health Communication 12. Heart Disease and Stroke 13. HIV 14. Immunizations and Infectious Diseases 15. Injury and Violence Prevention 16. Maternal, Infant, and Child Health 17. Medical Product Safety 18. Mental Health and Mental Disorders 19. Nutrition 20. Occupational Safety and Health 21. Oral Health 22. Physical Activity and Fitness 23. Public Health Infrastructure ...
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...There is a vast need to promote “leaders” across various sectors of the general public, for example, among government, among communities and especially among individuals. Working together in larger numbers can have its positive or it’s negative on an organization. Such shared efforts require focus within the organizational or promote interdependencies. From my reading of “8 ways to build collaborative teams” by Gratton, L., & Erickson, T. J. (2007), the two factors that this learner is going to discuss assigning leaders who are both task and relationship oriented and supporting a strong sense of community and its impact it has on obesity. Assigning the right team leaders who are both task and relationship oriented are important elements for leader to successfully lead a society. “Some people have suggested that relationship-oriented leadership is most appropriate in complex terms, since people are more likely to share knowledge in an environment of trust and goodwill, while others have argued that a task orientation the ability to make objectives clear, to create a shared awareness of dimensions of the task and to provide monitoring and feedback is most important” Gratton & Erickson, 2007, p. 9). Having the right team leader, clearly make a significant difference in any organization. Obesity is considered to be the primary responsibility of society. We can deduce this from an important statement: “Citizens find legitimacy in dealing with their ‘personal’ and...
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...R T H E R N T E R R I T O R Y D E PA R T M E N T O F H E A LT H Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 www.healthynt.nt.gov.au NT Department of Health Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 Background This framework provides a structure for describing the type of health promotion actions that are used across the Northern Territory. It enables a shared understanding of the actions that can be taken to improve health and wellbeing. It also provides guidance about embedding a health promotion approach into all planning processes, programs and service development across the NT. While this framework is intended to be used within the health sector, we strongly encourage other sectors and agencies outside of the health domain to use the framework. This framework should be used in conjunction with health promotion audit tools and other health promotion resources available in the NT, such as the Public Health Bush Books and the Quality Improvement Program Planning System (QIPPS). It is also designed to be used as a guide, together with other local, regional and national frameworks, policies, strategies and resources. Why Health Promotion? The World Health Organisation (WHO) acknowledges the growing evidence that health promotion and preventive health approaches are effective in improving overall health and wellbeing, reducing the burden of chronic disease and injury, addressing health inequities, facilitating the better use of resources and enhancing economic...
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...SUMMARY This paper has information on the role of mass media in health promotion. It looks at the advantages of the application of mass media in health promotion, the educational approaches, production of ICT health promoting programs, disadvantages of its use, as well as the emerging trends in the field of health promotion. Mass media refers to all the channels used to pass information to people. This includes print materials, films, broadcast or computer related sources such as internet. The use of mass media has benefits such as reaching many people at ago so it becomes cost effective in terms of resources like time and capital. Those with chronic illness get emotional support through interactive programs, the management of patients has improved with better imaging and scanning facilities as well the possibility of doctors sharing knowledge all over the globe through sky, teleconferences. Educational approaches include use of schools, religious organizations, government and nongovernment agencies which include community health and social workers. Advocacy and entertainment are also useful in health promotion. Production of mass media health promotion programs should be well planned to know the right target, the resources available and time schedule. For instance radio programs are more effective in rural areas compared to television in urban centers. Disadvantages include lack of capital to purchase, high health illiteracy, and negative attitude of some medical personnel....
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...Health Promotion Literature Review Rebecca Turner Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V October 28, 2012 Health Promotion Literature Review Health promotion is a well-known term in nursing, with authors arguing that health promotion is central to the philosophy of nursing (Irvine, 2007). After studying three selected articles regarding the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of health promotion, a similar theme referring to the role of the nurse to develop a more holistic understanding of health promotion in all stages of life and refreshing the concept of health promotion in order to advocate for the changing world’s environment, was apparent. Traditional health promotion preventions are defined by preventing disease, restoring health, and containing illness (Irvine, 2007). Today, health promotion is defined not just by focusing on health education, lifestyle and behavioral changes, but has undertaken a new paradigm, empowering clients by taking political and social action to promote health enhancing environments (Irvine, 2007). Nurse practice involves all stages of the lifespan in a variety of settings, ranging from the family home to communities (Whitehead, 2011). In these settings, nurse health promotion practice proposes developing personal skills, building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action and reorienting health services (Roden & Jarvis, 2012). Nurse roles and responsibilities are evolving by...
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...Person Environment Health Nursing Person Individual Family Community Population Environment Local/national/ global Ethical Legal Ecological Physical Sociocultural Political Economic Historical Technological Nursing Professional Attributes Professional Knowledge Professional (Caring) Practices Health A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality and lifestyle -Potter & Perry, 2009 WHAT IS A CONCEPT? - abstract ideas or mental images of a phenomena (Kozier et al., 2010; Paley, 1996) - words that bring forth mental pictures of the properties and meanings of objects, events, or things (Kozier et al., 2010) WHAT IS A CONCEPT? “abstractions” (Norris, 1982) “mental formulations” (Chinn & Kramer, 1991) “mental images” (Meleis, 1985) “words describing mental images (Fawcett, 1989) “have meanings” (Allan, 1993) “have usages” (Rush & Ouellet, 1993) “have definitions” (Brown, 1993) Metaparadigm Concepts: Person Environment Nursing Health Concepts evolve out of impressions, perceptions or experiences…a mental image of reality framed by the individual’s perception or experience (Meleis, 1985) Classifications of Health Conceptualizations 1) Stability oriented 2) Actualization oriented 3) Combined Actualization and Stability Oriented Historical Approaches to Health in Canada 1) Medical Approach Stability orientation to health Emphasis is medical...
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...The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is a medical model that moves away from the typical issue of disease treatment and focuses on health promotion. Developed by Lawrence W. Green, this model has been applied in many Western countries in the improvement of health. PRECEDE (Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation) is the part of the model that helps in the development of various public health initiatives and programs. PROCEED (Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development), on the other hand, serves as a guide to the effective implementation of the various programs that are created using PRECEDE. With regards to using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model in designing an educational program aimed at promoting health for families with school-aged children, the nine phases of the model will be used to produce outstanding results. The first phase is the social assessment phase, where the current social habits and practices of families with school-aged children is evaluated. This assessment helps determine what the existing health practices are, the current quality of life, and the health needs of these families. The second phase involves the epidemiological assessment. According to Webster’s Dictionary, epidemiology is “that branch of medicine which studies the incidence and distribution of disease in a population, and uses such information to find the causes, modes of transmission, and methods for control...
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...The Transtheoretical Model I. Introduction A. History of TTM B. Why the TTM is used for health promotion Thesis - The Transtheoretical Model is and will continue to be one of the most popular in the behavior change field due to its uniqueness and effectiveness. II. Transtheoretical Model A. Overview of the TTM B. Constructs of TTM III. Journal Article w| Transtheoretical Model A. How constructs are applied B. Critique on the model Shaquia Lewis UIN: 00965263 CRN: 29315 I pledge to support the Honor System of Old Dominion University. I will refrain from any form of academic dishonesty or deception, such as cheating or plagiarism. I am aware that as a member of the academic community it is my responsibility to turn in all suspected violations of the Honor Code. I will report to a hearing if summoned. The Transtheoretical Model The Transtheoretical Model has tremendously helped the health field progress to more inclusive approaches to research and other practices [2]. In the 1970s, James Prochaska laid the foundations for this model. In the 1990s, two scales were developed using the model [2]. This model is used for health promotion because it enables people to make behavioral changes and improve their health. The Transtheoretical Model is and will continue to be one of the most popular in the behavior change field due to its uniqueness and effectiveness. The Transtheoretical Model has six constructs with two being broken...
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...Maternal awareness of health promotion, parental and preschool childhood obesity (6, n=200)=17.32, p=0.008). Maternal awareness of health promotion on healthy eating appeared to have a protective effect against overweight/obesity in three year old children (odds ratio=0.38, 95% CI=0.20 to 0.70). Furthermore, a higher proportion of overweight/obesity mothers had no awareness of health promotion as compared to 2 (4, n=200)=13.29, p=0.01). Maternal awareness of health promotion appeared to also have a protective effect against overweight/obesity in mothers (odds ratio=0.51, 95% CI=0.28 to 0.95). Conclusions: maternal awareness of health promotion on maternal and preschool childhood obesity. Additionally, this study showed that overweight and obese preschool children had parents who were also overweight and obese. 2 Aim: preschool childhood obesity, as well as maternal awareness of public health promotion on healthy eating with parental and preschool childhood obesity. Methods: Data were collected by measuring the height and weight of two hundred randomly selected three-year old children and their parents. Details of the early feeding and dietary styles and level of health promotion awareness were assessed in faceto-face structured health interviews with the parents. Results: between childhood obesity and parents’ obesity (r=0.2; p<0.001). A higher proportion of overweight and obese preschool children showed that their mothers lacked awareness of health promotion as compared to children...
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...Community Assessment Richardson is a city in Dallas and Collin counties in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2011, the population was estimated to be 107,684. Richardson is an affluent inner suburb of Dallas and home of the Telecom Corridor with a high concentration of telecommunications companies. The city of Richardson is located in the North Central Texas, approximately 10 miles north of downtown Dallas. Of the 27.4 square miles contained within the borders of the city, 18.2 square miles lie in Dallas County; the remaining 9.2 square miles, all adjacent to the northern city limit line, fall in Collin County. In 2008, Richardson was ranked as the 18th best place to live in the United States by money magazine. This ranked Richardson the 4th best place to live in Texas. Richardson was the first North Texas city recognized as a best workplace for commuters by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the United States Department of Transportation in 2004. In 2011 the Texas Recreation and Park Society awarded Richardson with the Texas Gold Medal for excellence in the field of recreation and park management. The average sale price for a home in Richardson is about $180,000; average apartment rent is $833. The median family income is $69, 724. Median age of the Richardson population is 35; average household size is 2.69 persons. Richardson’s retail base centers, around the Richardson Square Mall, with about 80 stores. Restaurants from fast-food franchises to full-service...
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