...Health Promotion: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Health promotion is a very vague term that can mean many things and has many definitions depending on who you ask. According to O’Donnell (1987, p.4) health promotion is “the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health.” This definition makes a lot of sense and sounds like he is speaking of the physical aspect of health. There are different kinds of health including physical, mental and physical. I believe this is why there are so many definitions. The U.S. Public Health Service proposes that health promotion is more of advocating health in hope that it will become a “societal norm” for people individually as well as for the private and public businesses (Kreuter, 1980). The medical field is one “public business” that does a lot of health promotion for everyone, nurses especially. Nurses’ role in health promotion is necessary and critical. Nurses have a multi-disciplinary knowledge including many resources to help people understand their situation and get their health moving in a forward direction. Traditionally, nurses focused on preventing disease and changing the behavior of individuals regarding their health. Due to nurses becoming more diverse in their knowledge, their responsibility of being a “health promoter” is more complex. Currently, nurses are so focused on treating people who have illnesses and teaching them how to become healthy that teaching patients how to...
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...Health Promotion Literature Review Rebecca Turner Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V October 28, 2012 Health Promotion Literature Review Health promotion is a well-known term in nursing, with authors arguing that health promotion is central to the philosophy of nursing (Irvine, 2007). After studying three selected articles regarding the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of health promotion, a similar theme referring to the role of the nurse to develop a more holistic understanding of health promotion in all stages of life and refreshing the concept of health promotion in order to advocate for the changing world’s environment, was apparent. Traditional health promotion preventions are defined by preventing disease, restoring health, and containing illness (Irvine, 2007). Today, health promotion is defined not just by focusing on health education, lifestyle and behavioral changes, but has undertaken a new paradigm, empowering clients by taking political and social action to promote health enhancing environments (Irvine, 2007). Nurse practice involves all stages of the lifespan in a variety of settings, ranging from the family home to communities (Whitehead, 2011). In these settings, nurse health promotion practice proposes developing personal skills, building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action and reorienting health services (Roden & Jarvis, 2012). Nurse roles and responsibilities are evolving by...
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...The Health Promotion model accentuates three major concepts in which the theory consistently defines each of them. Within these three concepts of the model include, individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect and behavioral outcomes (Pender, 2011). The first of these is defined as the current beliefs and characteristics of the individual that influence their actions or behaviors (Pender, 2011). Examples of these consists of age, weight, self-esteem, self-motivation and sociocultural factors to name a few. The next concept is behavior-specific cognitions and affect. This is defined as perceived benefits of actions, barriers to change, and activity that predict the individual’s willingness to participate...
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...R T H E R N T E R R I T O R Y D E PA R T M E N T O F H E A LT H Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 www.healthynt.nt.gov.au NT Department of Health Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 Background This framework provides a structure for describing the type of health promotion actions that are used across the Northern Territory. It enables a shared understanding of the actions that can be taken to improve health and wellbeing. It also provides guidance about embedding a health promotion approach into all planning processes, programs and service development across the NT. While this framework is intended to be used within the health sector, we strongly encourage other sectors and agencies outside of the health domain to use the framework. This framework should be used in conjunction with health promotion audit tools and other health promotion resources available in the NT, such as the Public Health Bush Books and the Quality Improvement Program Planning System (QIPPS). It is also designed to be used as a guide, together with other local, regional and national frameworks, policies, strategies and resources. Why Health Promotion? The World Health Organisation (WHO) acknowledges the growing evidence that health promotion and preventive health approaches are effective in improving overall health and wellbeing, reducing the burden of chronic disease and injury, addressing health inequities, facilitating the better use of resources and enhancing economic...
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...Comprehensive Health Promotion Candace Tiley GCU RN-BSN Family-Centered Health Promotion May 27, 2013 NRS-429V June 08, 2013 Comprehensive Health Promotion The purpose of this paper is to discuss the three tiers of Health Promotion which include, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary and how the three levels are applied. Other aspects that will be discussed will include how health promotion is defined, its purpose, and the nurses’ role and responsibility in health promotion. Several articles were pulled that discussed the application of the three varying levels of health promotion. The global goals according to the Healthy People Website include: The attainment of quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Achieving health equity and eliminating disparities and improving the health of all groups of people. Creating social and physical environments that promote good health for all people, and promoting a quality life, healthy development and healthy behaviors across all life stages. (www.healthypeople.com) These goals encompass an individual’s Social Environment, Biologic and Genetic background, the Physical Environment in which they live and work, and the Health Services that they receive along the way. (www.healthypeople.com) The delivery of a comprehensive health promotion program is dependent upon various interdisciplinary teams working together toward a common goal. While Nurses represent the largest group...
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...Health promotion is of great importance to nursing because it has long been acknowledged in nursing literature as fundamental to health care. A dramatic increase in chronic lifestyle diseases has prompted an emphasis on health promotion (Egger et al, 1990). Health promotion can be defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and to improve their health WHO (1986) cited in (Bright, 1997). However, health promotion is commonly confused with health education and yet health education, is an instrument in health promotion together with health protection and illness prevention. Without knowledge people cannot make healthy choices about their lifestyles therefore health education is very much a part of health promotion (Tannahill, 1985) cited in (Bright, 1997). This assignment is going to be based on a health initiative towards a group of young adult smokers within age range of seventeen and twenty five years. The author has chosen smoking because more young people continue to take up cigarette smoking and yet smoking has been identified as the biggest single cause of preventable ill health and premature deaths in the United Kingdom (DOH, 1999). The paper is going to support the choice of the topic with statistics and what the government is saying. The needs of the young adult smokers are going to be identified and these needs are going to be addressed through interactive lecture approach. It is essential to consider a health promotion model as...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This paper has information on the role of mass media in health promotion. It looks at the advantages of the application of mass media in health promotion, the educational approaches, production of ICT health promoting programs, disadvantages of its use, as well as the emerging trends in the field of health promotion. Mass media refers to all the channels used to pass information to people. This includes print materials, films, broadcast or computer related sources such as internet. The use of mass media has benefits such as reaching many people at ago so it becomes cost effective in terms of resources like time and capital. Those with chronic illness get emotional support through interactive programs, the management of patients has improved with better imaging and scanning facilities as well the possibility of doctors sharing knowledge all over the globe through sky, teleconferences. Educational approaches include use of schools, religious organizations, government and nongovernment agencies which include community health and social workers. Advocacy and entertainment are also useful in health promotion. Production of mass media health promotion programs should be well planned to know the right target, the resources available and time schedule. For instance radio programs are more effective in rural areas compared to television in urban centers. Disadvantages include lack of capital to purchase, high health illiteracy, and negative attitude of some medical...
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...Utilizing health education/promotion to promote health Health educators often utilize program planning in order to promote heath. They follow the steps of needs assessment, goal setting, developing intervention, implementation of intervention, and evaluation. These professionals create programs like smoke cessation programs, free screening, and passing out condoms on campus. As a profession we can also promote health through increasing awareness of determinants of health. Giving people the opportunity to learn about how socio-economic status, education, and environmental conditions effect health, will allow them to not only understand their situation but also the situations of others. This can help people become more empathic to the plights of others. In addition, they may be more willing to give a helping hand or vote for polices that benefit more people. In increasing awareness we can attain a higher quality of life. Health promotion/education professionals can promote heath equality and eliminate...
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...Health Promotion in Nursing Marcus Botts Grand Canyon University Health Promotion in Nursing In its most simple definition health promotion is the process of facilitating individuals, groups, and/or communities control their own health. There is a strong compatibility between health promotion and occupational therapy with the earliest discussions dating back more than fifty years ago. The idea of health promotion to prevent illness was highlighted internationally in 1978 at an international Conference on Primary Health Care. The Declaration of Alma-Ata expressed the need for immediate action by all governments, health care workers and developers, as well as the work community to promote and protect the health of people worldwide. (Health Promotion: Future occupational therapy in an ageing New Zealand, p36, 2012). In 1986, the World Health Organization (WHO), released the Ottawa Charter, which is perhaps, the most important document in the field of health promotion. It provides five principles to guide health promotion activities: building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and re-orienting health care services toward prevention of illness and promotion of health. These principles provide a vision to which occupational therapy health promotion services should be aligned. (Health Promotion: Future occupational therapy in an ageing New Zealand, p36, 2012). As it relates to health care promotion...
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...Three Levels of Prevention in Health Promotion Sarah Hughes July 14, 2013 Nursing Practice and the Three Levels of Prevention in Health Promotion In nursing practice there are three levels of prevention in health promotion- primary, secondary, and tertiary. Prevention consists of not only preventing diseases and other ailments, but curing them and limiting their progression. Primary prevention consists of health promotion and specific protection. Secondary prevention consists of early diagnosis, timely treatment, and limiting disability. Tertiary prevention consists of restoration and rehabilitation (Edelman & Mandle, 2010, p. 14). These three levels of prevention don’t necessarily flow from one into the next but do have a tendency to overlap. In three recent journal articles in nursing practice, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in health promotion are discussed. The primary prevention article discusses how effective motivational interviewing can be in health promotion. It mentions that motivational interviewing can help people understand their lifestyle problems and help them make the necessary changes in their lifestyle to see a positive outcome, which is having a healthy life. It also mentions that it takes a bit of work from the nurse to be able to master this skill and become effective at it. The secondary prevention article discusses secondary prevention of diabetes among health promoters. It discusses how health promoters are concerned that...
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...There is a vast need to promote “leaders” across various sectors of the general public, for example, among government, among communities and especially among individuals. Working together in larger numbers can have its positive or it’s negative on an organization. Such shared efforts require focus within the organizational or promote interdependencies. From my reading of “8 ways to build collaborative teams” by Gratton, L., & Erickson, T. J. (2007), the two factors that this learner is going to discuss assigning leaders who are both task and relationship oriented and supporting a strong sense of community and its impact it has on obesity. Assigning the right team leaders who are both task and relationship oriented are important elements for leader to successfully lead a society. “Some people have suggested that relationship-oriented leadership is most appropriate in complex terms, since people are more likely to share knowledge in an environment of trust and goodwill, while others have argued that a task orientation the ability to make objectives clear, to create a shared awareness of dimensions of the task and to provide monitoring and feedback is most important” Gratton & Erickson, 2007, p. 9). Having the right team leader, clearly make a significant difference in any organization. Obesity is considered to be the primary responsibility of society. We can deduce this from an important statement: “Citizens find legitimacy in dealing with their ‘personal’ and...
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...Person Environment Health Nursing Person Individual Family Community Population Environment Local/national/ global Ethical Legal Ecological Physical Sociocultural Political Economic Historical Technological Nursing Professional Attributes Professional Knowledge Professional (Caring) Practices Health A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality and lifestyle -Potter & Perry, 2009 WHAT IS A CONCEPT? - abstract ideas or mental images of a phenomena (Kozier et al., 2010; Paley, 1996) - words that bring forth mental pictures of the properties and meanings of objects, events, or things (Kozier et al., 2010) WHAT IS A CONCEPT? “abstractions” (Norris, 1982) “mental formulations” (Chinn & Kramer, 1991) “mental images” (Meleis, 1985) “words describing mental images (Fawcett, 1989) “have meanings” (Allan, 1993) “have usages” (Rush & Ouellet, 1993) “have definitions” (Brown, 1993) Metaparadigm Concepts: Person Environment Nursing Health Concepts evolve out of impressions, perceptions or experiences…a mental image of reality framed by the individual’s perception or experience (Meleis, 1985) Classifications of Health Conceptualizations 1) Stability oriented 2) Actualization oriented 3) Combined Actualization and Stability Oriented Historical Approaches to Health in Canada 1) Medical Approach Stability orientation to health Emphasis is medical...
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...The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is a medical model that moves away from the typical issue of disease treatment and focuses on health promotion. Developed by Lawrence W. Green, this model has been applied in many Western countries in the improvement of health. PRECEDE (Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation) is the part of the model that helps in the development of various public health initiatives and programs. PROCEED (Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development), on the other hand, serves as a guide to the effective implementation of the various programs that are created using PRECEDE. With regards to using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model in designing an educational program aimed at promoting health for families with school-aged children, the nine phases of the model will be used to produce outstanding results. The first phase is the social assessment phase, where the current social habits and practices of families with school-aged children is evaluated. This assessment helps determine what the existing health practices are, the current quality of life, and the health needs of these families. The second phase involves the epidemiological assessment. According to Webster’s Dictionary, epidemiology is “that branch of medicine which studies the incidence and distribution of disease in a population, and uses such information to find the causes, modes of transmission, and methods for control...
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...The Transtheoretical Model I. Introduction A. History of TTM B. Why the TTM is used for health promotion Thesis - The Transtheoretical Model is and will continue to be one of the most popular in the behavior change field due to its uniqueness and effectiveness. II. Transtheoretical Model A. Overview of the TTM B. Constructs of TTM III. Journal Article w| Transtheoretical Model A. How constructs are applied B. Critique on the model Shaquia Lewis UIN: 00965263 CRN: 29315 I pledge to support the Honor System of Old Dominion University. I will refrain from any form of academic dishonesty or deception, such as cheating or plagiarism. I am aware that as a member of the academic community it is my responsibility to turn in all suspected violations of the Honor Code. I will report to a hearing if summoned. The Transtheoretical Model The Transtheoretical Model has tremendously helped the health field progress to more inclusive approaches to research and other practices [2]. In the 1970s, James Prochaska laid the foundations for this model. In the 1990s, two scales were developed using the model [2]. This model is used for health promotion because it enables people to make behavioral changes and improve their health. The Transtheoretical Model is and will continue to be one of the most popular in the behavior change field due to its uniqueness and effectiveness. The Transtheoretical Model has six constructs with two being broken...
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...Maternal awareness of health promotion, parental and preschool childhood obesity (6, n=200)=17.32, p=0.008). Maternal awareness of health promotion on healthy eating appeared to have a protective effect against overweight/obesity in three year old children (odds ratio=0.38, 95% CI=0.20 to 0.70). Furthermore, a higher proportion of overweight/obesity mothers had no awareness of health promotion as compared to 2 (4, n=200)=13.29, p=0.01). Maternal awareness of health promotion appeared to also have a protective effect against overweight/obesity in mothers (odds ratio=0.51, 95% CI=0.28 to 0.95). Conclusions: maternal awareness of health promotion on maternal and preschool childhood obesity. Additionally, this study showed that overweight and obese preschool children had parents who were also overweight and obese. 2 Aim: preschool childhood obesity, as well as maternal awareness of public health promotion on healthy eating with parental and preschool childhood obesity. Methods: Data were collected by measuring the height and weight of two hundred randomly selected three-year old children and their parents. Details of the early feeding and dietary styles and level of health promotion awareness were assessed in faceto-face structured health interviews with the parents. Results: between childhood obesity and parents’ obesity (r=0.2; p<0.001). A higher proportion of overweight and obese preschool children showed that their mothers lacked awareness of health promotion as compared to children...
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