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P1&P2: explain the principal sociological perspectives and explain the different approaches to health and ill health.
Functionalist Perspective and the approach to Health:
The functionalist perspective was published in 1951 by Talcott Parsons which studied the social structure as a whole and the ways in which it functions. This view promotes the social solidarity and value consensus; this is the belief that each person should share the same basic norms and values within society. Therefore, this would make each society run smoothly. Functionalists believe strongly that each individual has an equal opportunity of success within their life, that the nuclear family is a vital concept as it provides the most suitable environment for children to be raised within and believe if an individual has ill health that it is there responsibility to work with health professionals to re-gain good health status. This perspective has been widely criticised by individuals as it is believed that they do not value the diversity within a society.
The functionalist approach to health is identified through the relationship shared between an individual who is sick and the whole of society. Talcott Parsons strongly believed that for a society to run smoothly all individuals must be free of ill health and that ‘medicine serves the wellbeing of society as a whole’. Individuals in which believe the functionalist perspective believe that having a sick role in society is classed as an act of deviance and that they should exempt from the average rights. This means that if an individual is to obtain ill health they are not obligated to procced in completing the average day to day tasks within the family role. However, they are obliged to co-operate with medical professionals to gain full health.
Additionally to this, critics of the functionalist perspective believe that groups of society

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