...Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common manifestations of heart disease. In the US, the lifetime risk of developing HF at age 40 is one in five for both men and women, and continues at this level through the age of 80, despite the reduction in life expectancy.{Roger, 2012 #1789} Chronic HF in particular has increased in prevalence, even as control of other common cardiovascular syndromes, such as myocardial infarction (MI), has improved in recent years.{McCullough, 2002 #1851;Roger, 2012 #1789} HF is a disease of the elderly, affecting 10% of men and 8% of women above the age of 60 years, and its prevalence rises with age.{Roger, 2012 #1789} Given the expected aging of the population, if the incidence of new HF cases continues to increase...
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...Heart failure occurs when cardiac output is insufficient to effectively perfuse the tissues, despite normal filling of the heart. Usually causes include hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and coronary heart disease. In heart failure, the increase in the resistance against which the heart pumps (afterload) further depresses cardiac output. A reduced renal blood flow induces renin secretion and increased plasma aldosterone and angiotensin concentrations. Water and sodium retention increases blood volume causing central venous pressure to increase. These changes overall first help to maintain cardiac output however in the long term they eventually cause morbidity and mortality (BOOK). Treatment of heart failure begins with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and as severity increases a diuretic is added which supports the excretion of sodium and water (book). In very severe heart failure, the addition of β-blocker further decreases mortality in patients on ACE inhibitors and diuretics. Valsartan/ Sacubitril is a combination drug approved for use in heart failure. It has a brand name of Entresto and is also previously known as LCZ696....
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...Introduction Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood through the body. When this happens, parts of the body do not get the blood and oxygen needed for them to function properly. This can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and confusion. There is no cure for heart failure. However, following your health care provider's instructions about a healthy lifestyle and being treated with medicines can help you stay active and live longer. The types of medicine you are prescribed will depend on your symptoms and what is causing the heart failure. In some cases, you may need to take more than one medicine. It is important to talk to your health care provider about all the medicines you are taking, how...
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...United States are surviving with heart conditions, which are usually fatal. Almost half of the people who experience heart failure die before five years elapse as it is one of the top killer diseases in high-income countries. Heart diseases are often the result of an individual's lifestyle, genes or even environment. What factors increase your risk of heart failure Obesity Obese people are more vulnerable to heart disease as compared to people with a healthy body weight. The heart of obese people pumps harder than the normal pumping rate, which makes the heart thicker. With a thicker heart, relaxation and contraction of the heart become strenuous. Obese people will then experience high blood pressure and this triggers the heart to pump harder. When the strain increases, the heart may fail to work. Diabetes Diabetic people are at a higher risk of contracting coronary heart diseases than non-diabetic people. Diabetes increases the levels of diabetes in the blood. The increased level of glucose may gradually lead to the clogging of arteries. The glucose damages the arterial walls which in turn develop fatty deposits that may block the arteries. Old Age The...
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...Heart failure is the hearts inability to pump an adequate amount of blood thru the heart to maintain the bodies many other vital organs. Without a good blood circulation through the body, all of the bodies other organs are disrupted. Heart failure can affect the left side of the heart, the right side of the heart of both sides. It can be classified into two different categories, acute, meaning short-term or chronic, meaning ongoing. In acute heart failure, the symptoms appear rapidly but go away quickly, generally occurring after a heart attack or sometimes called Myocardial Infraction. Other times, symptoms are ongoing and do not dissipate over time, meaning it is chronic. About 5 million American have heart failure. Many of these American...
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...Heart Failure and Corpulmonale Definition Heart failure is a pathology in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to fulfill the body's needs. It may be due to the fact that: The heart can't fill with enough blood The heart can't pump blood to the rest of the body with enough force Both conditions Pathophysiology Due to overloading of the ventricle with blood during diastole the muscle contraction of the heart may weaken. The heart rate rises to compensate for the lowered cardiac output making the condition worse because the cardiac muscles need more nutrients to work. Another condition is anemia, in which put more strain on heart to pump more oxygen around the body. In myocardial infarction, there is an improper supply of blood...
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...As we all know the heart is the most important organ of the body. The heart does many amazing things through its four chambers and two ventricles. The most important functions the heart does is pumping blood and oxygen through our body. Those two functions are what keeps us alive and breathing. A person's most important goal should be to remain healthy in order to avoid any type of health issues. However, most people don't really realize the health issues that can occur in your heart when your health is not up to par. One of the most common health issues regarding the heart is congestive heart failure. This health issue occurs when the right ventricle has difficulty pumping blood to your lungs. When a ventricle has difficulty pumping, the blood backs up in your blood vessels causing fluid retention in lower extremities, abdomen, lungs, and kidneys. It is possible to have left-sided and right-sided congestive heart failure at the same time. CHF can be deadly if the main cause of the disease is not treated. Symptoms of congestive heart failure can be excess urination at night, chest pains, shortness of breath, swollen feet or legs, bloating, palpitations, Persistent coughing, or fatigue....
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...Robert great summarization post of congestive heart failure, my grandfather had congestive heart failure so I know first hand the effects it has on a person’s life. I thought it was very interesting that you pointed out one the first symptoms being not able to exercise without experiencing discomfort because not many individuals think of that as being a symptom they go to the go to symptoms like shortness of breath, coughing, and fatigue. In the beginning, before my grandfather was diagnosed with congestive heart failure he experienced difficulties lying down flat. Lying down flat causes parts of the lung to be in a more ¬¬¬dependent position. Another symptom to keep in mind for an individual with congestive heart failure is waking up with severe shortness of breath, and immediately needing to sit up to get their breath, and this is known as “paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea”. The reason why there is a fluid build is when the heart’s output decreases; the body tries to compensate for it by releasing hormones that make the heart beat faster and stronger. This reflex though is only a short-term gain, and in the long run it really damages the heart’s function. The kidneys also sense the heart’s decrease in blood output, and they release hormones into the body, which cause sodium and...
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...Congestive Heart Failure Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a condition where the heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should. Sometimes CHF can be referred to as Heart Failure. Heart Failure becomes CHF when it hits the stage where there is fluid built up around the heart causing ineffective pumping of the heart. CHF eventually causes a backup of fluid and blood into the liver, abdomen, lungs, and lower body. All different types of people can develop CHF and there are different ways to go about treating it. The nursing care provided to a patient with CHF and the way the disease progresses is patient specific. Description of the Condition There are two common classifications of CHF, left-sided and right-sided. Left-sided CHF is more...
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...Congestive heart failure is defined as; “the heart does not pump as well as it should to meet the body’s oxygen demands.” (Congestive Heart Failure, John Hopkins Medicine) The heart has four chambers; two atria in the upper part of the heart, and two ventricles in the lower part of the heart. Ventricles transport blood to the organs and tissues. The atria receive blood after it circulates from the body. When another condition has damaged or weakened the heart, and the heart can’t maintain the normal demands of pumping blood to the rest of the body, heart failure occurs. The ventricles can become stiff and not fill properly in between beats. The ventricles can also stretch causing the heart to not be able to properly pump blood to the whole body. Increased heart rate usually occurs which is caused by increased sympathetic activity trying to maintain cardiac output. When the sympathetic stimulation is increased, it releases vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), which then causes fluid retention in the kidneys. When this happens, one can have hypertension There...
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...Running head: ROY’S ADAPTATION MODEL Nursing theory is an organized framework of concepts that are designed to guide nursing practice and provide a foundation for clinical decision-making. There are many different types of nursing theories. This present paper will focus on one of the Grand theories, the Roy Adaptation model (RAM). The paper is divided into four main sections focusing on the importance of the RAM; summary of key concepts; view of RAM on specialization; and conclusion. There has been an evolution of nursing practice from when Florence Nightingale started. Nurses used to take direct medical direction to an evolution of independence. Today, advanced practice nurses are PHD, DNP, researchers, nurse practitioners, leadership positions in health care organizations, and education . The independence of the nursing profession has occurred in part due to an evolution of nursing theories. The importance of the nursing theories is that they provide framework for nursing practice. There are more than thirty different theorists who have helped contribute to the process. Broadly, these thirty theories can be divided into three major categories Grand theory, Middle theory, and practice. The present paper focuses on the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) of the Grand Theory. This was chosen as it approaches the care of the patient using a scientific and holistic approach, which aligns with my personal practice as a nurse and belief system. Initially, this model was considered...
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...Prevention of Hospital Readmissions Related to Symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure NRS 441V Professional Capstone March 1, 2014 Abstract Providing patients diagnosed with Congestive Heart Failure effective teaching can eliminate reoccurring hospitalizations. Patients are discharged with CHF and readmitted within 30 days. The information provided will examine the process of enhancing patient knowledge and provide additional resources essential for effective health care management. Research evidence provides data that proves patients who are diagnosed with CHF needs a variety of health care needs during admission and after discharge. The proposal will display an evaluation plan, implementation plan and a dissemination of the evidence. Provide at least 1 evidence based literature; for at least 1 evidence based solution. Keywords: congestive heart failure, therapy, education, patient outcomes Description of the Problem Prevention of Hospital Readmissions Related to Symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure Health care providers must ensure skills, knowledge and teaching is effective when providing care to their patients and families about symptoms of CHF. The length of stay for an average hospital visit can be two days however, for more chronic issues warrant an even longer stay. To avoid readmission of the disease processes of CHF warrants additional care and resources during and after discharge. . Some patients cannot follow up with their primary care physician because...
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...Critique of “Correlates of Fatigue in Patients With Heart Failure” Galen College Transitions/NUR 240 January 4, 2010 The topic of this article is to determine correlates of fatigue in patients with heart failure. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of fatigue and distinguish its demographic, clinical and psychological correlates in patients suffering from heart failure. These findings could possibly lead to ways to better treat patients living with HF. Healthcare workers could benefit greatly from the data gathered to better understand the needs of the aforementioned patients and focus their interventions to accommodate their needs. No review of literature is included in this research paper. The study was conducted by six scholars with advanced degrees. Two of the researchers hold PhDs and two other hold DSNc degrees, which are professional level research degrees in Nursing. The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Nursing is considered a more academic degree and prepares those who have attained the it for both research and teaching positions. In this study, a cross-sectional correlation design method was used. This type of research study uses a small group of individuals to represent a whole population. It is often used in making healthcare decisions and imperative that only current information...
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...Analysis and Synthesis of Chronic Heart Failure Research Studie Analysis and Synthesis of Chronic Heart Failure Research Studies Background Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a disease characterized by high mortality, readmission rates and a marked decrease in health-related quality of life. Psychological distress is common in patients with CHF and different psychological variables may have an impact on the prognosis in chronic heart failure patients. Chronic heart failure patients also need to be involved in their plan of health care in order to be able to manage their own disease at home. However, patients’ perspective on the role of their informal carers regarding information management process revealed how much they depend on their knowledge and support. The studies that I have chosen to compare and contrast in this paper will shed light onto both of these subjects in regard to chronic heart failure patients as well as inform about the various studies that pinpoint relevant data in regards to CHF. These studies are important because they help medical professionals in regard to providing the highest level of care to their CHF patients. Quantitative Research Study Introduction For the quantitative research study in this analysis, I examined the journal article entitled Predictors of readmission and health related quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure: a comparison of different psychosocial aspects. This research study’s purpose was to “investigate...
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...The Effect of Telemonitoring in CHF patients Evidence Based Practice Project Sacred Heart University The Effect of Telemonitoring in CHF Patients Evidence Based Practice Project Question (PICOT) Question: In elderly individuals over the age of 65, does the use of a mobile phone-based medication adherence application, compared to a mobile phone texting reminder, increase medication compliance by 25%, within 12 weeks of implementing the program? Evidence Appraisal Matrix Source (APA) | Type of Study design (RCT, phenomenology, etc.)/Purpose | Level of Evidence(According toMelnyk & Fineout-Overholt) | Sample, settingInclusion/ExclusionCriteria | Methods, instruments, data analysis | Findings/Implications | Inglis, S. C. (2011). Structured telephone support or telemonitoring programmes for patients with chronic heart failure. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, (6), doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007228.pub2 | Systematic Review | Level I | Twenty-five studies and five published abstracts were included. 16 evaluated structured telephone support, 11 evaluated telemonitoring, and two tested both interventions. Inclusion criteria:only peer reviewed, published RCTs comparing structured telephone support or telemonitoring to usual care of CHF patients were included. | Various search engines such as: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and AMED were searched from 2006 to November 2008.Relevant studies and systematic reviews and abstract conference proceedings were hand searched. No...
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