...slightly higher resting heart rates. HR is most accurately measured as soon as you wake up, when your heart does not need to meet any major demands besides the demands of natural body processes. During the day, the resting heart rate can be affected by body size, fitness level, heart conditions, body position, medication, air temperature, altitude and emotional state ANTICIPATION: Prior to the start of exercise, the heart rate begins to increase in anticipation. This prepares the body for the increased demands it’s about to face. (-> inaccurate to measure HRR at just before exercising START OF EXERCISE: Muscles consume a lot more energy and produce...
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...Abstract The Effect of Drugs on a Daphnia’s Heart Rate This experiment attempts to perceive the effects of certain chemicals, caffeine in cola, and alcohol. The daphnia was dropped into each of these solutions while we observed them for 15 seconds at a time. The heart rate was the dependent and main variable in the experiment. We record the number of heart beats in 15 seconds and then multiply it by for to get the BPS. With 5 trials for each liquid we would average them to get an accurate average. We discovered that alcohol acted as a depressant and that caffeine acted as a stimulant. Further verifying these results we hypothesized that this would be...
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...Heart Rate of a Daphnia Magna WCCC Tina Reott Anatomy Physiology II /SPRING SEMESTER 2015 Dr Matt Sisak Introduction In order for the body to operate properly, it is necessary for homeostasis, or a relatively stable environment, to be maintained. The cardiac center is the medulla oblongata regulates the heart rate to maintain a stable environment. It is composed of two neural pools. One is the cardioacceleratory center and the other is the cardioinhibitory center. Each regulates the heartbeat through the sympathetic cardiac nerves and the parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerves respectfully. Many factors affect the heart rate including sensory and emotional stimuli as well as receptor input from proprioceptors (in...
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...The Daphnia magna is a small crustacean that was used for the experiment. The purpose of this lab experiment was to determine how both caffeine and alcohol would affect the heart rate of a Daphnia magna. The results showed that when caffeine was added to the Daphnia magna, its heart rate increased faster than when alcohol was added. In this lab report, the steps are explained on how we conducted the experiment. Also, any errors that happened during the experiment will be analyzed more in detailed in this lab report. Introduction Daphnia magna is a little crustacean that is found living in ponds. It duplicates by sexual reproduction, varying with the creation of asexual offspring (Roulin, 2013). The Daphnia magna is a transparent crustacean...
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...Activity 2: Examining the Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. The effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart is to You correctly answered: a. decrease the heart rate. 2. The branch of the autonomic nervous system that dominates during exercise is You correctly answered: b. the sympathetic branch. 3. Parasympathetic stimulation reaches the heart through You correctly answered: d. vagus nerves, which are cranial nerves. 4. The usual pacemaker of the heart You correctly answered: c. is the sinoatrial node. 09/28/14 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question: What do you think will happen if you apply multiple stimuli to the heart by indirectly stimulating the vagus nerve? Your answer : c. The heart rate will decrease and the heart will stop. Stop & Think Questions: 1. Watch the contractile activity from the frog heart on the oscilloscope. Enter the number of ventricular contractions per minute (from the heart rate display) in the field below and then click Submit Data to record your answer in the lab report. You answered: 59 beats/min The vagus nerve carries You correctly answered: a. signals that decrease the heart rate. 3. Enter the number of ventricular contractions per minute (from the heart rate display) in the field below and then click Submit Data to record your answer in the lab report. You answered: 59 beats/min The response that resumed the...
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...Student Sheet Name: Herginaldo Felix Date: 06/25/2015 Instructor’s Name: Kayla Robinson Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 4 Lab Report Part 2 Title: Exploring Endocrine, Circulatory, and Respiratory Systems Instructions: Your lab report from Part 1 along with the Part 2 activity will serve as a guide to answer the questions and to complete the tables for the endocrine, cardiovascular (circulatory), and respiratory systems. When your lab report is complete, submit this document to your instructor in your assignment box. 1. Endocrine System Question 1: How does the insulin and glucagon secreted by the pancreas function in glucose metabolism? Answer 1: Insulin and Glucagon work in tandem to keep the glucose levels in the blood within the normal range. If someone if experiencing high blood sugar levels, the pancreas will begin to secrete insulin by way of the beta cells. As this is happening the liver will take up the glucose and store it as glycogen. Now in the reverse, if a person is suffering from hypoglycemia and has low blood sugar, the alpha cells located inside of the pancreas will begin to produce glucagon. This substance will be sent to the liver and begins the process of converting glucagon to glucose. 2. Cardiovascular System Blood flows through the body in two distinct pathways: the pulmonary pathway and the systemic pathway. The blood flowing in the pulmonary pathway is deoxygenated, and it delivers this blood to the...
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...NUTRITION 121 HUMAN NUTRITION LABORATORY BACKGROUND AND METHODS MODULE #1 BODY COMPOSITION Late Labs: 10 point deduction! A report submitted >1 week late, will receive 0 points for the lab!! Written and edited by: Karon Felten and Nutrition 121 TA’s With Special Thanks to: Chris Pritsos Ph.D. Nutrition Department Chairman ABSTRACT: In nutrition, there are many factors that influence an individual’s health and body weight, such as heredity, food selection, eating behaviors, and physical activity. Scale weight is not always a good indicator of body fat, lean mass, body water or overall health (1). This laboratory experience will give students the opportunity to conduct physical assessments by evaluating body weight and body composition. To determine body weight and body composition, techniques such as bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, wrist circumference for determining frame size, and a scale will be utilized. Students will also evaluate their own risk for cardiovascular disease and assess cardiovascular health in volunteers by measuring heart rate, filling out a heart disease risk score form, and estimating oxygen consumption and energy expenditure through a technique known as the Queens College Three-Minute Step Test. BACKGROUND: Your body is made up of the six essential nutrients: water, fat, protein, carbohydrates and various vitamins and minerals. Many factors can influence an individual’s...
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...Student Sheet Name: Frances Andersen Date: August 17, 2015 Instructor’s Name: Margaret Beucher Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 4 Lab Report Part 2 Title: Exploring Endocrine, Circulatory, and Respiratory Systems Instructions: Your lab report from Part 1 along with the Part 2 activity will serve as a guide to answer the questions and to complete the tables for the endocrine, cardiovascular (circulatory), and respiratory systems. When your lab report is complete, submit this document to your instructor in your assignment box. 1. Endocrine System Question 1: How does the insulin and glucagon secreted by the pancreas function in glucose metabolism? Answer 1: “Insulin and glucagon work together to keep glucose levels in the blood within the normal range. When there is an elevated blood glucose level, this stimulates beta cells in the pancreas to secrete insulin. The insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by body cells, and the liver will uptake the glucose and store it as glycogen. These actions return blood glucose levels back to normal. When there is decreased blood glucose, this stimulates the alpha cells in the pancreas to produce glucagon. The glucagon travels to the liver and facilitates the conversion of glycogen to glucose. This glucose is released in the bloodstream to return levels back to normal.” (M.U.S.E.) 2. Cardiovascular System Blood flows through the body in two distinct pathways: the pulmonary pathway...
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...9/20/12 HSC420 Lab Report 1-3 I. Introduction In lab 1, the heart rate and blood pressure were established. The principles that govern each of them are those of the heart. The heart rate (HR) is each full beat, or each pump, the heart does; this is recorded in beats per minute (bpm). The blood pressure (BP) is the amount of resistance the heart works against the arterial walls during each pump. My hypothesis for this lab was that my subject would have the same HR and BP for each of the locations and different methods used. I stated this because, at rest, the heart should be working at the same level no matter the position; although one position might slight lessen the heart’s workload. This is important in terms of my subject’s health and fitness because it means he has a normal, young strong heart. Per minute, it is important for the numbers to be lower because it means his heart is not working too hard but can supply his body with a sufficient amount of blood. In lab 2, the establishment of HR and BP were taken to another level and recorded during different exercises. The principles of this are that my subject’s HR and BP would gradually increase throughout exercise. Physiologically, this is because of the increased demand of oxygen in the working muscles. An increase of HR and BP is the heart’s response to these demands; a faster HR means that the heart is supplying the body with blood at a quicker rate; the higher BP is the high pressure the heart is working against...
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...Various Ions on Heart Rate Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. Which organelle in the cardiac muscle cell stores calcium? You correctly answered: b. sarcoplasmic reticulum 2. Verapamil is a calcium-channel blocker. Its effects could be described as You correctly answered: d. negative chronotropic and negative inotropic. 3. When the cardiac muscle cell is at rest, where is most of the potassium found? You correctly answered: c. in the cytosol 4. Resting cardiac muscle cells are most permeable to You correctly answered: b. potassium. 02/26/13 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question 1: Because calcium-channel blockers are negative chronotropic and negative inotropic, what effect do you think increasing the concentration of calcium will have on heart rate? Your answer : a. positive chronotropic, positive inotropic Predict Question 2: Excess potassium outside of the cardiac cell decreases the resting potential of the plasma membrane, thus decreasing the force of contraction. What effect (if any) do you think it will initially have on heart rate? Your answer : b. decrease heart rate Stop & Think Questions: Where in the cardiac muscle cell is most of the sodium normally found? You correctly answered: a. outside of the cell Experiment Data: Solution ---Calcium Sodium Potassium Heart Rate 59 69 34 then erratic 28 then erratic 02/26/13 page 2 02/26/13 page 3 Post-lab Quiz Results You...
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...Examining the Effects of Chemical Modifiers on Heart Rate Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. The parasympathetic nervous system releases __________ to affect heart rate. You correctly answered: d. acetylcholine 2. A cholinergic drug that worked the same as acetylcholine would You correctly answered: c. be an agonist and decrease heart rate. 3. Norepinephrine affects the heart rate by You correctly answered: a. increasing the rate of depolarization and increasing the frequency of action potentials. 4. The __________ receptor binds norepinephrine and epinephrine. You correctly answered: b. ß-1 adrenergic 03/02/13 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question 1: Pilocarpine is a cholinergic drug, an acetylcholine agonist. Predict the effect that pilocarpine will have on heart rate. Your answer : b. Pilocarpine will decrease heart rate. Predict Question 2: Atropine is another cholinergic drug, an acetylcholine antagonist. Predict the effect that atropine will have on heart rate. Your answer : a. Atropine will increase heart rate. Stop & Think Questions: Which of the following is true of epinephrine? You correctly answered: c. It increases the heart rate and mimics the sympathetic nervous system. The final chemical modifier we will look at is digitalis (also known as digoxin and digitoxin and derived from the foxglove plant). Individuals with weakened hearts need to allow maximum time for venous return...
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...9-21-2014 Bio 102 The Outcome of Temperature and Epinephrine on the Heart rate of Daphnia INTRODUCTION This lab report accomplishes a test to measure the effects of an escalation and a reduction in temperature, and amount of Epinephrine on the heart rate of Daphnia. The Daphnia also known as ´´water flea´´ is a type of crustaceans that is found lavishly in small bodies of fresh water. Only a few of these are impartially big enough to be seen without a microscope in decent light. Daphnia have a tendency to be virtually kidney shaped, retaining only a single compound eye, two doubly separated antennae , and leaf –like limbs inside the carapace that harvest a contemporary of water which transports food and oxygen to the mouth and gills. It’s fascinating how their bodies are virtually transparent and through a microscope the heart beating can be seen, and occasionally their last meal can be seen through the microscope as well. HYPOTHESIS I hypothesized that as the temperature is increased the Daphnia heart rate will increase; lower temperature will cause the heart rate to slow down. I also hypothesized that the amount of Epinephrine will eventually kill the Daphnia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order for our experiment to be successful there were materials we used and methods. Our professor gave each group one Daphnia, afterward we used a clean glass microscope slide and dried it with a paper towel. Then we placed the slide on the stage of the microscope...
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...Activity 3: Examining the Effect of Temperature on Heart Rate Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. Organisms that usually maintain the same internal body temperature in spite of environmental temperature changes are You correctly answered: c. homeothermic. 2. The general name for the process that maintains the internal body temperature in humans is You correctly answered: a. homeostasis. 3. The electrolytes in a Ringer's solution are required to You correctly answered: b. provide for autorhythmicity. 4. An internal body temperature that is above the normal range is You correctly answered: b. hyperthermic. 11/19/14 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question 1: What effect will decreasing the temperature of the Ringer's solution have on the heart rate of the frog? Your answer : b. decrease in heart rate Predict Question 2: What effect will increasing the temperature of the Ringer's solution have on the heart rate of the frog? Your answer : c. increase in heart rate Stop & Think Questions: What effect do you think a fever of 104°F would have on heart rate? You correctly answered: c. increase in heart rate Experiment Data: Solution 23°C Ringer's 5°C Ringer's 32°C Ringer's Heart Rate 59 49 69 11/19/14 page 2 Post-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. In the 5°C Ringer’s solution, the frog heart You correctly answered: c. beat slower than baseline...
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...Exercise 5: Cardiovascular Dynamics: Activity 5: Studying the Effect of Blood Vessel Radius on Pump Activity Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 80% by answering 4 out of 5 questions correctly. 1. The heart is resting during You correctly answered: c. ventricular diastole. 2. The right side of the heart pumps blood You correctly answered: d. to the lungs. 3. The layer of the blood vessel that is stimulated by the autonomic nervous system is You correctly answered: b. smooth muscle. 4. In the experiment, the pump simulates Your answer : d. the left atrium of the heart. Correct answer: b. the left ventricle of the heart. 5. If the right beaker simulates the flow of blood to the systemic circuit of the body, what do the right valve and flow tube represent? You correctly answered: d. aortic valve and aorta 06/14/13 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question: If you increase the flow tube radius, what will happen to the pump rate to maintain constant pressure? Your answer : a. The pump rate will increase. Stop & Think Questions: When the piston of the pump reaches its lowest point, the volume remaining in the pump is the You correctly answered: b. end systolic volume. If you increase the right flow tube radius, what will happen to resistance and flow rate? You correctly answered: b. Flow rate will increase and resistance will decrease. If the left flow tube represents the pulmonary veins, what does the left source beaker represent? You correctly answered:...
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...Activity 5 of Exercise 5 Exercise 5: Cardiovascular Dynamics: Activity 5: Studying the Effect of Blood Vessel Radius on Pump Activity Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 80% by answering 4 out of 5 questions correctly. 1. The heart is resting during You correctly answered: c. ventricular diastole. 2. The right side of the heart pumps blood You correctly answered: d. to the lungs. 3. The layer of the blood vessel that is stimulated by the autonomic nervous system is You correctly answered: b. smooth muscle. 4. In the experiment, the pump simulates Your answer : d. the left atrium of the heart. Correct answer: b. the left ventricle of the heart. 5. If the right beaker simulates the flow of blood to the systemic circuit of the body, what do the right valve and flow tube represent? You correctly answered: d. aortic valve and aorta 06/14/13 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question: If you increase the flow tube radius, what will happen to the pump rate to maintain constant pressure? Your answer : a. The pump rate will increase. Stop & Think Questions: When the piston of the pump reaches its lowest point, the volume remaining in the pump is the You correctly answered: b. end systolic volume. If you increase the right flow tube radius, what will happen to resistance and flow rate? You correctly answered: b. Flow rate will increase and resistance will decrease. If the left flow tube represents the pulmonary veins, what does the left source beaker represent...
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