...Heart Rate Experiment: A Study of the Effects of Chronic Smoking on Resting Heart Rate Student Name Grand Canyon University: Bio 202 Lab October 20, 2015 Abstract Heart rate is an important health factor affected by most factors that produce a change in the body physically. Heart rate varies among individuals according to many factors, one including whether or not an individual identifies as a chronic smoker. Smoking is the largest contributing detriment to preventable deaths. Smoking causes many cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases that have been proven through many studies to correlate strongly with heart rate response (“Smoking-Suppressed Heart Rate Recovery in Young Male College Students Who Regularly Exercised”, 2015). This study evaluates a group of individuals and their resting heart rates and how those averages vary between smokers and non-smokers. The hypothesis is that individuals who smoke at least 3-5 times a week have an overall higher resting heart rate than those who do not. This speculation was proven wrong as the results maintained a consistent correlation with a decrease in resting heart rate among those who smoked. This result is due to a number of things, mostly pertaining the decrease in overall cardiac function in those who inhale nicotine on a regular basis. Heart Rate Experiment: A Study of the Effects of Chronic Smoking on Resting Heart Rate Introduction Heart rate is another name for the pulse of the heart, described as the speed...
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...Abstract: It is important to understand how emotions affect heart rate. If pulse is taken before and after a positive and negative stimuli, then the negative stimuli will have a bigger heart rate increase because studies show that emotional arousal such as anger, frustration, and hate stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. This experiment consisted of 30 females, ages 20-30 Each girl had their pulse taken 9 times: three times after sitting still with no stimulation (this was the control) 3 times after 30 seconds of a video clip that induces laughter or happy feelings (positive stimuli), and 3 times after 30 seconds of a video clip that induces negative feelings such as sadness or fear (negative stimuli). After collecting all data, (30 sets of heart rates), it was shown that negative stimuli increased heart rate significantly more than positive stimuli. As shown in figure one, negative stimuli affected heart rate by an average of 77 beats per minute while positive stimuli had an average of 72 beats per minute. The P value between sitting still and positive stimuli was .18. This means the probability that the difference between the two due to chance alone had no real difference between the groups. The probability of sitting still and negative stimuli was .005. This means that it is statistically significant. Introduction: Emotions play a crucial roll in everyday living. Every day humans experience a range of different emotions from anger to sadness, happiness to excitement...
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...Regime on Heart Rate and Recovery Time Introduction The events of the cardiac cycle are initiated and controlled by electrical signals generated by two nodes in the heart (Boyle and Senior, 2008). Nodes are specialised tissues strategically placed in the heart that act as nervous and muscle tissue. When nodal tissue contracts, it generates nerve impulses that travel throughout the heart wall (About.com, n.d.). Figure 1 – Cardiac Conduction Yellow Arrows/Aspects = journey of signals Area of Bundle of His/Purkinje Fibres Ventricular Septum Aorta – to the body Pulmonary Artery – to the lungs The location of the cardiac nodes is shown in figure 1. A single heartbeat begins with an electrical signal generated by the sino-atrial node, on the wall of the right atrium. This node is often referred to as the ‘pacemaker’ of the heart (it regulates the heartbeat). This signal spreads over the walls of both atria, causing them to contract and fill the ventricles. Once the ventricle walls have filled, the atrio-ventricular node picks up the signal and directs it down the ventricular septum and onto the bundle of His. From here, the signal spreads throughout the Purkinje fibres in the ventricle walls causing them to contract, pushing the blood out of the pulmonary artery and aorta. (Drugline.ord, n.d.) Heart rate is controlled by the two branches of the autonomic nervous system - the sympathetic and parasympathetic. The sympathetic nerves increase your heart rate while you...
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...resting heart rate By Kathryn Hesser, Westwood High School, Junior Introduction This experiment aims to analyze the factors that may affect the resting heart rate. The resting heart is the beats per minute of the heart when a person is calm and at rest. One factor that may affect the resting heart rate is stress. Stress can be broadly defined by the strain felt by a person mentally, physically, and/or emotionally. In 1967, scientists Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe studied the effects of stress on over 5,000 people through a survey that asked the subjects whether or not the subject experienced 47 life events. Each event had a certain “point value” corresponding to how much stress the event caused. The tally of the point value for one subject is the subject’s stress level. The higher the stress level, the more “stressed out” the subject was. An adaptation of the Holmes-Rahe survey was forged for high-school and college students and is used by institutions such as Baylor University and Hillsborough Community College. This adaptation is used as the Stress Level Survey in this experiment. The correlation, between stress level and resting heart rate, is what this experiment aims to determine. Hypothesis There will be a strong correlation between stress level and the resting heart rate. As stress level increases, the resting heart rate will increase as well. The null hypothesis is there will not be a strong correlation either way between stress level and the resting heart rate...
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... 2. The heart rate is the quantity of thumps every moment, except I don't need to mean an entire moment to get a precise estimation. Including the quantity of beats either 10 or 15 seconds is fine. As practice, utilize a clock or clock to time my tally, and record the quantity of beats I numbered in my lab journal. At that point ascertain the quantity of thumps every moment (bpm) to get my heart rate. System: 1 In my lab note pad, make an information table to record my information in....
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...slightly higher resting heart rates. HR is most accurately measured as soon as you wake up, when your heart does not need to meet any major demands besides the demands of natural body processes. During the day, the resting heart rate can be affected by body size, fitness level, heart conditions, body position, medication, air temperature, altitude and emotional state ANTICIPATION: Prior to the start of exercise, the heart rate begins to increase in anticipation. This prepares the body for the increased demands it’s about to face. (-> inaccurate to measure HRR at just before exercising START OF EXERCISE: Muscles consume a lot more energy and produce...
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...Abstract The Effect of Drugs on a Daphnia’s Heart Rate This experiment attempts to perceive the effects of certain chemicals, caffeine in cola, and alcohol. The daphnia was dropped into each of these solutions while we observed them for 15 seconds at a time. The heart rate was the dependent and main variable in the experiment. We record the number of heart beats in 15 seconds and then multiply it by for to get the BPS. With 5 trials for each liquid we would average them to get an accurate average. We discovered that alcohol acted as a depressant and that caffeine acted as a stimulant. Further verifying these results we hypothesized that this would be...
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...THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXERCISE AND HEART RATE AS WELL AS EXERCISE AND BLOOD PRESSURE PHYSIOLOGY ESSAY/ ERGONOMICS LABROTARY WRITE-UP Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the Course Human Kinetics and Ergonomics 102. Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics INTRODUCTION When the metabolic motion of skeletal muscles increases, the flexibility of the heart can be detected throughout the exercise (Okutucu et al., 2010). The heart and blood vessels make up the cardiovascular system, which respond to exercise with an increase in heart rate and strength of reduction with each heartbeat, causing a higher cardiac output (amount of blood pumped through the heart per minute) and blood pressure (Okutucu et al., 2010). This report presents an assessment of “exercising” blood pressure and heart rate. The aim of this assessment was to obtain an understanding of how heart rate and blood pressure respond to submaximal exercise of the same intensity. The hypothesis tested was what impact exercise had on blood pressure and heart rate. The purpose of assessment of “exercising” heart rate was to measure heart rate while exercising at a submaximal intensity as well as to measure recovery heart rate following submaximal exercise. The purpose of assessment of “exercising” blood pressure was to measure blood pressure while exercising at a submaximal intensity and to measure recovery blood pressure following submaximal exercise. This report presents the procedures...
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...Low Resting Heart Rate The number of beats per minute (BPM) of your heart is your heart rate, and what's too slow for you may depend on your age and physical condition. Physically active adults and athletes, often have a low resting heart rate, but it’s not causing problems. Older people are more prone to issues with a slow heart rate. As people age, changes in the rate of their pulse may change and can signify a heart condition that needs to be addressed. What does It Mean to Have Low Resting Heart Rate? For many people, a heart rate of 60 to 100 BPM while at rest is considered normal. However, your heart rate may fall below 60 BPM during deep sleep, but if your heart beats less than 60 times a minute during normal waking hours, it is slower than normal. Alternative names for this...
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...magna heart rate behaves when exposed to increasing concentrations of stimulant and depressant drug. Hypothesis: If the concentration of caffeine pills and ethanol alcohol are increased then Daphnia magna heart rate will only increase in caffeine pills but not ethanol because caffeine pills are stimulant drug that boost mental and physical function in contrast alcohol is a depressant drug, which reduces the levels of arousal in the central nervous system (Ceida, n.d.). Independent Variables: 0%, 3%, 5% ethanol concentration. 0%, 3%, 5% caffeine pill concentration. Dependent Variable: heart rate of Daphnia magna/beats per minute (bpm). Constant Variables: Daphnia magna, caffeine pills, ethyl alcohol, 1 inch masking tape, 100ml volumetric flask, 100ml beakers, 10ml graduated cylinder, containers, light microscope, wash bottle, coffee filter, mortar and pestle, distilled water, and concavity slides. REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Caffeine and alcohol plays a vital role in every daily life of humanity, but which concentrations greatly affect the heart rate of Daphnia magna? So, what are Daphnia magna...
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...How Does Homeostasis Control Heart Rate? The heart rate is the rate at which the which the heart is working and is described as a number of beats per minute. An adults heart rate at rest will be 60-80 beats per minute and increases during any form of exercise as the body works harder and requires more energy to cope with demands being made on it. Overall fitness determines heart rate during exercise. An athlete's resting heart rate can be as low as 28 to 40 beats per minute because their heart is more conditioned and pumps blood more efficiently. People who are sedentary can have a higher resting pulse of 100 beats per minute, because inadequate exercise causes the heart to work less efficiently. The brain stem consists of five parts: the thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons and medulla. The medulla controls the heart rate. It sends and receives messages in the form of chemicals or hormones from the thousands of nerves running through the medulla, in an area called the medullary pyramids. The medulla constantly receives messages from the nerves, which are communication pathways from muscles, organs and other parts of the body. During exercise, your muscles send a message through the nervous system to the medulla, which in turn releases epinephrine and norepinephrine. Epinephrine is a hormone also known...
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...Heart Rate of a Daphnia Magna WCCC Tina Reott Anatomy Physiology II /SPRING SEMESTER 2015 Dr Matt Sisak Introduction In order for the body to operate properly, it is necessary for homeostasis, or a relatively stable environment, to be maintained. The cardiac center is the medulla oblongata regulates the heart rate to maintain a stable environment. It is composed of two neural pools. One is the cardioacceleratory center and the other is the cardioinhibitory center. Each regulates the heartbeat through the sympathetic cardiac nerves and the parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerves respectfully. Many factors affect the heart rate including sensory and emotional stimuli as well as receptor input from proprioceptors (in...
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...Cardiovascular System INTRODUCTION Caffeine is a stimulant that makes a person’s heart beat faster (Nunley 2013). This effect of caffeine is usually seen as a negative one and that it hearts your cardiovascular health overall. A lower heart rate, both resting and post exercise, is said to be better if the rate is lower because it puts you at a lower risk of having a stroke or heart disease (Boyles 2002). Having a lower rate is preferred because it means that your heart is working at a slower sped to pump the amount of blood necessary for your body. (Simon 2015) We predicted that people with lower daily caffeine consumption will have lower resting and lower post exercise heart rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS We had teams of three. Each person took a tally of their normal caffeine consumption on an average day. Each team took their resting pulse (after waiting until they were sitting down for at least five minutes to make sure our pulse was back to normal resting heart rate) by counting the amount of times they could feel a beat on either their wrist or their neck for a whole 60 seconds. The groups of students then completed the 3-minute step test where they followed the beat of a metronome at 100 bpm on a step that was 12 inches in height. Immediately following the ending of the step test, the students took their pulse once again for an entire 60 seconds. We then took a look at our heart rates compared to the national rankings to see how well we compared. Each team’s results...
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...Multi-Parameter Patient Monitoring Platform Santosh N Vasist Abstract: This project measures pulse rate, temperature and records ECG signal of a patient. It predicts the risk of a disorder related to the heart using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in the absence of a doctor. This project uses an ECG sensor to measure the electrical activity of the heart using a three electrode system, a heartbeat sensor to measure the heart rate by analyzing the blood flow in index finger, and a temperature sensor to measure the body temperature. Additional parameters such as age, gender, height, weight along with the QRS interval from the recorded ECG is used to predict the risk of a disorder using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). I. INTRODUCTION Human heart generates small electrical signals which travel through the muscles of the heart and results in the contraction and relaxation of the heart thus in turn resulting in the pumping action. These electrical impulses can be detected by Electrocardiography. An Electrocardiograph is the record of the electrical activities occurring in the heart. Electrodes set on distinctive parts of the body distinguish electrical signs originating from diverse regions inside of the heart. Effectively almost all the diseases related to the heart can be detected by the ECG. An ECG is a quick and easy method for the doctor to determine the condition of the heart. The ECG readings are almost immediate and reliable, which means the findings of the test can be used...
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...your heart rhythm. It sends electrical signals to your heart through wires and sensors. A temporary pacemaker is most often used in an emergency or during surgery to control your heart rhythm. This type of pacemaker is used only until your heart rhythm comes back to normal or until a permanent pacemaker is implanted. WHAT ARE THE DIFFRENT TYPES OF TEMPORARY PACEMAKERS? There are two types of temporary pacemakers: • Transcutaneous pacemaker. This is a programmed device that sends electrical signals through patches on your skin to your heart at a rate your health care provider sets it to. It is similar to an...
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