...Introduction The Daphnia magna, more commonly known as the water flea, is a tiny freshwater crustacean. Its clear exoskeleton and jointed appendages point to its classification as an arthropod. This is further evidenced by the location of its heart—the dorsal region. The Daphnia magna’s importance in the aquatic food chain can be attributed to its essential place in the diet of young and adult fish (Elbert, 2005). The Daphnia magna belongs to Class Branchiopoda, which are free-floating crustaceans that. It is also, more specifically, a member of Genus Daphnia (Ebert, 2005). Branchiopods always have flattened, partially leaf-like, legs. As a branchiopod, the Daphnia magna belongs to the Order Cladocera, which is protected by a calcified...
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...The Daphnia magna is a small crustacean that was used for the experiment. The purpose of this lab experiment was to determine how both caffeine and alcohol would affect the heart rate of a Daphnia magna. The results showed that when caffeine was added to the Daphnia magna, its heart rate increased faster than when alcohol was added. In this lab report, the steps are explained on how we conducted the experiment. Also, any errors that happened during the experiment will be analyzed more in detailed in this lab report. Introduction Daphnia magna is a little crustacean that is found living in ponds. It duplicates by sexual reproduction, varying with the creation of asexual offspring (Roulin, 2013). The Daphnia magna is a transparent crustacean...
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...differences in organisms. It is important to be aware of the potential ramifications these substances since they are so widely used and ingested. In humans, heart rates were increased slightly with the additional of ethanol (Abdel-Rahman 1987). In rats, heart rates were both increased and decreased with the addition of ethanol depending on the level of stress the rats were in (Arciero 1998). In humans, caffeine did not affect heart rates (Sparrow 1987). Different ages of humans had heart rates that were not affected by caffeine (Umemura 2006). The purpose of this experiment was to test if the quantity of ethanol and caffeine increases or decreases the heart rates in Daphnia magna. We predicted that the heart rates of the Daphnia would rise when exposed to ethanol, yet would remain the same when exposed to caffeine. We also hypothesized that the higher the concentration of the drug in the solution, the more effect the drug would have on the organism. Methods We conducted the experiment on Daphnia...
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...Daphnia Magna are small crustaceans that are excellent for observing the effect of depressants on their nervous system. Daphnia may be used in certain environments to test the toxicity levels in an ecosystem. Due to the easy visibility of the heart, daphnia are mostly used to monitor the effects of certain drugs. Scientists can thoroughly investigate the progression of chemicals on their metabolic processes. The purpose of this specific experiment is to observe the effect of ethanol, aspirin, and caffeine on daphnia’s heart rate. In the past, these compounds have not been able to provide sufficient results, however daphnia might be able to provide consistent results. Not only do these chemicals affect heart rate, but they also affect frequency of reproduction, number of eggs produced, and body structure. Pesticides similar to these chemicals can be released into the environment which is why daphnia might be useful in the task of monitoring toxicity levels. They are also invaluable to...
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...role on the reproduction and survivals abilities of these living organisms. One of these important factors is the temperature, each organism has a certain temperature range that the organism can survive and reproduce on that range. Scientists know the performance of an organism by measuring the heart rate of the organism to indicate the ability of the living things. Du et al [2010] studied the temperature and it’s affected on the embryos of the reptilian, which conclude that, the heart rate increase when the temperature rise [1]. Another study by Licht [1965] was describing the effect of temperature on the performance and the capacity of...
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...Heart Rate of a Daphnia Magna WCCC Tina Reott Anatomy Physiology II /SPRING SEMESTER 2015 Dr Matt Sisak Introduction In order for the body to operate properly, it is necessary for homeostasis, or a relatively stable environment, to be maintained. The cardiac center is the medulla oblongata regulates the heart rate to maintain a stable environment. It is composed of two neural pools. One is the cardioacceleratory center and the other is the cardioinhibitory center. Each regulates the heartbeat through the sympathetic cardiac nerves and the parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerves respectfully. Many factors affect the heart rate including sensory and emotional stimuli as well as receptor input from proprioceptors (in...
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...The effects on heart rate on a Daphnia Magna with varied substances William Piper WCCC/Spring 2015 Semester A&P 2 Dr. Sisak Introduction: The purpose of the experiment conducted was to test the effects of varied substances on the heart rate of a Daphnia Magna. A Daphnia Magna is a freshwater flea native to North America (Wikipedia, 2015). The substances used on the Daphnia were aspirin, nasal spray, Alka-Seltzer, coffee, and tea. Aspirin is a common pain reliever and fever reducer (Rx List, 2015). Pain increases heart rate; therefore, a pain reliever would inherently reduce the heart rate of an organism (Storella, 1998). Nasal spray works by constricting blood vessels in the nose to help reduce swelling and inflammation to...
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...Through the results of this experiment, the effects of three over the counter allergy medications on heart rate of a Daphnia magna were able to be explored. As hypothesized, Benadryl significantly reduced the heart rate of the water flea after a period of two minutes - a 29% decrease in fact. The water flea also experienced an uneven heart rate and slowed movements. Since diphenhydramine does not discriminate between which histamine receptors that it blocks, the H3 receptors that prevent sleep and increase wakefulness are blocked - thereby leading to drowsiness (13). The uneven, slowed movement, and reduced heart rate are all indicators of the side effects that correspond with the Benadryl medication that is also specified on the label....
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...environmental factors that affects the survival and reproduction of living organisms. There are certain temperature ranges on which reactions inside a living thing would perform optimally and its performance would decrease as the temperature deviates from that range. The measurement of heart rate can be considered as an indicator of the performance for many living things. Licht et al [1965] studied the effect of temperature on the capacity of performing an activity for the Lizards [1]. Du et al [2001] studied the effect of temperature on different reptilian embryos and showed that the increase in temperature resulted in increased heart rate [2]. The closest study to our work is done by Lankeymeyer et al [2003] who studied the performance various animals, such as water flea Daphnia magna Strauss, with respect to temperature [3]. In our study, we want to see the effect of a stimulant such as caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia. We quantify the...
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...Alcohol on Daphnia magna Yong Im El Centro College This experiment tested the effects of alcohol on the heart rate of Daphnia magna. We observed the heart rate of the D.magna in just water and compared it with the organism in a 5 percent alcohol solution. The results showed that the D.magna heart rate was decreased by 33 percent. The alcohol has an effect on the central nervous system. Introduction Alcohol is a common organic compound formed when a hydroxyl group (-OH) is substituted for a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon chain. A common form of alcohol is ethanol found in alcoholic beverages which is derived from fermentation of sugar with yeast. The anesthetic ether is also made from ethanol. Alcohol acts as a central nervous system depressant...
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...This experiment is to show how the heart rate can be affected by the substances caffeine and ethanol,Daphnia (Daphnia magna) are prone to alcohol and caffeine intoxication and react quickly to both solutions, therefor the effect of both the depressant and stimulant on the heart rate can be seen through the translucent exoskeleton . (John K. Colbourne) Caffein (trimethylzanthine) is a psychoactive drug, it is found in large quantities in a array of different foods and drinks.It is a cardiac stimulant, this occurs by it being a anti catalyst to the enzyme cyclic phosphodiesterace (Neal J. 1999) which keeps the heart at a steady pace with the help of C.A.M.P (cyclic adenosine monoposphate) this is produced by the hormone epinephrine. Without cyclic phosphodiesterace the heart beat increases, this is because the C.A.M.P diffuses through cells and activates...
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...in coffee, tea, and cacao, has immense effects on the heart rate of living organisms. Similarly, it is known that those effects - such as a higher alertness, decreased fatigue, anxiety, jitteriness, etc. - are both pros and cons of caffeine consumption. While caffeine can have a slightly different effect depending on the organism that consumes it, the outcome of intake is primarily identical. Caffeine mimics some of the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the heart, and affects the main pumping chambers - known as ventricles - leading to an increase in the rate of contraction and relaxation of each heart beat. There have been many different discoveries...
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...Effect of Substances on the Heart Rate of a Daphnia Magna Lab Report Katherine Schmucker WCCC/Semester 2 A&P 2/Bio-072 Dr. Matthew Sisak February 6, 2015 Introduction: The substances that were applied to the Daphnia were aspirin, nasal spray, adrenalin, acetylcholine, and alka seltzer (College, p. 42). Aspirin’s active additive is acetyl salicylic acid (Henderson, n.d.). The nasal spray’s active additive is “therapeutic (Administration, 2002).” Adrenalin’s active additive is “acid tartrate (Agency, n.d.).” Acetylcholine contains “5-methyl tetrahydrofolate, huperzine A, and alpha-tocotrienol (Research, 2015).” Alka seltzer’s active additive include aspirin, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid (Alka-Seltzer Effervescent Tablets Original,...
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...Daphnia are small planktonic crustaceans that belong to the Phyllopoda (sometimes called Branchiopoda), which are characterized by flattened leaf-like legs used to produce a water current for the filtering apparatus. Within the branchiopods, Daphnia belong to the Cladocera, whose bodies are enclosed by an uncalcified shell known as the carapace. It has a double wall, between which hemolymph flows and which is part of the body cavity. The carapace is largely made of chitin, a polysaccharide. Cladocera have up to 10 pairs of appendages, which are (from front to back): antennules, antennae (the second antennae, used for swimming); maxillae; and mandibles; followed by 5 (as in Daphnia) or 6 limbs on the trunk. The limbs form an apparatus for...
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...October 2009 RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS JOURNAL CLUB Bruce R. Conklin Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California A geneticist wonders why we need to sleep. Scientists can have a love–hate relationship with sleep. We know that it is vital for our health, but not the reasons why. We celebrate dreams that provide inspiration, but often dismiss sleep as a chore. Yet deep sleep can provide insight into vexing problems. In 1920, pharmacologist Otto Loewi famously had a recurring dream that suggested how he could demonstrate neurotransmission in the lab. The key experimental details escaped him until he captured the dream in a bedside notebook. Later that day, he performed his Nobel-prizewinning experiments with the aid of a few frog hearts and a water bath. Now, a team led by Ying-Hui Fu reports that a single mutation in a gene called DEC2 can cause people to sleep for only about six hours per night instead of the usual eight (Y. He et al. Science 325, 866–870; 2009). This mutation seems to be exceedingly rare, with only two carriers found so far. Only by introducing this mutation into transgenic mice and fruitflies could the researchers show compelling evidence of the mutation’s effect. These two additional waking hours each day are quite remarkable when you consider that, over 80 years, this would add up to more than 8 years of extra productivity! Why are extreme short sleepers so rare? Surely evolutionary pressures should favour less sleep? In prehistoric...
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