...Daphnia Magna are small crustaceans that are excellent for observing the effect of depressants on their nervous system. Daphnia may be used in certain environments to test the toxicity levels in an ecosystem. Due to the easy visibility of the heart, daphnia are mostly used to monitor the effects of certain drugs. Scientists can thoroughly investigate the progression of chemicals on their metabolic processes. The purpose of this specific experiment is to observe the effect of ethanol, aspirin, and caffeine on daphnia’s heart rate. In the past, these compounds have not been able to provide sufficient results, however daphnia might be able to provide consistent results. Not only do these chemicals affect heart rate, but they also affect frequency of reproduction, number of eggs produced, and body structure. Pesticides similar to these chemicals can be released into the environment which is why daphnia might be useful in the task of monitoring toxicity levels. They are also invaluable to...
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...Discussion: The purpose of this experiment was to determine how various drugs will affect basal heart rate of daphnia. This is relevant because due to Daphnia’s similar cardiac tissues to humans (Woodham et al., 2017), it can be seen how various drugs will affect human cardiac tissue. Acetylcholine and Lidocaine have been hypothesized to decrease heart rate in Daphnia. Epinephrine and Caffeine are proposed to increase heart rate. In regards to Acetylcholine and Lidocaine, it was hypothesized that Acetylcholine and Lidocaine should decrease Daphnia heart rate, and as demonstrated by the original experimental results (Figure 2), Daphnia heart rate in the presence of Acetylcholine and Lidocaine both decreased. This is also supported when compared...
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...for each temperature of the five different temperatures we are testing, 15°C, 20°C, 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C. after adding the caffeine, we calculated the BPM for each Daphnia individually, then the average for each temperature was taken. The independent variables that we manipulated in this experiment were the amount of the caffeine that was added to the Daphnia’s and the temperature of the water. The dependent variable we measured was the heartbeat of Daphnia’s per minute. One of the confounding variables was the concentration of the water in which the Daphnia’s was in. however; the same environment was used for all the Daphnia’s, which eliminates the effect of this variable in the result. The same light source and the same room temperature (baseline) were used in the all measurement of the...
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...We extracted Daphnia magma from an open container environment. The Daphnia that where used measured 4-5 millimeters is length from head to tail. To set up the experiment, a clear acrylic 30 X 2 centimeters (cm) mesocosm was as our testing environment. The mesocosm was washed out with warm water before being filled with purified water until it is 3-4 cm away from the top and 10 Daphnia were added to the tube and then a cork was added. A line was drawn at 10 centimeters from the cork at one end and this was the counting area while the rest of the tube was covered with a black felt. The mesocosm was placed in a ring stand clamp and secured with a clamp horizontally to correctly evaluate phototaxis in the environment. A dissection light which...
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...Introduction Every animal has their own optimum temperature in which they are able to survive Daphnia are small aquatic crustaceans...(). The daphnia’s exoskeletons are transparent which allows their heart to be visible, which makes it simple to observe the heartbeat rate without cutting them open (). The rate of the daphnia can be monitored and counted in different conditions such as changing water temperature. Daphnia are ectodermic animals which mean that they do not perform thermoregulation they rely on their external environment to warm their internal bodies, the water temperature they float in is the same as their body temperature. Ectoderm animals use a small amount of energy to maintain their body temperature since they rely on the environment but they are also disadvantaged because they are limited as to the environments that they can inhabit as the case of Daphnia they are water fleas so they can retain they source of temperature regulation in the water they live in ().Other animals like human, birds and most mammals may have a different reaction under the same temperature conditions because they are endodermic: they perform homeostasis of body temperature (thermoregulation) which maintain a constant body temperature irrespective of their external...
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...The Daphnia magna is a small crustacean that was used for the experiment. The purpose of this lab experiment was to determine how both caffeine and alcohol would affect the heart rate of a Daphnia magna. The results showed that when caffeine was added to the Daphnia magna, its heart rate increased faster than when alcohol was added. In this lab report, the steps are explained on how we conducted the experiment. Also, any errors that happened during the experiment will be analyzed more in detailed in this lab report. Introduction Daphnia magna is a little crustacean that is found living in ponds. It duplicates by sexual reproduction, varying with the creation of asexual offspring (Roulin, 2013). The Daphnia magna is a transparent crustacean...
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...to determine how Daphnia magna heart rate behaves when exposed to increasing concentrations of stimulant and depressant drug. Hypothesis: If the concentration of caffeine pills and ethanol alcohol are increased then Daphnia magna heart rate will only increase in caffeine pills but not ethanol because caffeine pills are stimulant drug that boost mental and physical function in contrast alcohol is a depressant drug, which reduces the levels of arousal in the central nervous system (Ceida, n.d.). Independent Variables: 0%, 3%, 5% ethanol concentration. 0%, 3%, 5% caffeine pill concentration. Dependent Variable: heart rate of Daphnia magna/beats per minute (bpm). Constant Variables: Daphnia magna, caffeine pills, ethyl alcohol, 1 inch masking tape, 100ml volumetric flask, 100ml beakers, 10ml graduated cylinder, containers, light microscope, wash bottle, coffee filter, mortar and pestle, distilled water, and concavity slides. REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Caffeine and alcohol plays a vital role in every daily life of humanity, but which concentrations greatly affect the heart rate of Daphnia magna? So, what are Daphnia magna...
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...Daphnia magna is a transparent water flea species found in rocky pools along the Atlantic Ocean. The Daphnia’s body is encased in a clear structure called carapace (Elenbaas, 2013). The exoskeleton, carapace, provides protection for the Daphnia magna, “The portion of the hard exoskeleton, or shell, that covers all or part of the body of many crustaceans…” (“Definition, n.d.). As John Clare says, “Generally the life span increases as temperature decreases, due to lowered metabolic activity” (2002). Daphnia magna are able to sustain life approximately 16 days longer at 20 Celsius when compared to a life cycle at 25 Celsius (Clare, 2002). The heart can be easily seen under a light microscope due to the transparency of the skin (Handy, 2012). A...
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...Daphnia shows a lot of similarities to higher crustaceans in their entire morphology, nervous system (Chen et .al 2005). The first antennae are considered to be the main chemoreceptor organ of Daphnia which are sexually dimorphic, long and having an additional flagellum in males but remaining close to the body in females. For example: in Daphnia magna, the first antennae of males are approximately 400 microns long while in females they are about 100 microns long. In Daphnia pulex the antennule length is250um in male and in females remains close to the body but setae length being similar to males being 30 microns long. Daphnia magna have more pronounced first antennules in females and in males the flagellum is heavily ciliated. Understanding...
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...9-21-2014 Bio 102 The Outcome of Temperature and Epinephrine on the Heart rate of Daphnia INTRODUCTION This lab report accomplishes a test to measure the effects of an escalation and a reduction in temperature, and amount of Epinephrine on the heart rate of Daphnia. The Daphnia also known as ´´water flea´´ is a type of crustaceans that is found lavishly in small bodies of fresh water. Only a few of these are impartially big enough to be seen without a microscope in decent light. Daphnia have a tendency to be virtually kidney shaped, retaining only a single compound eye, two doubly separated antennae , and leaf –like limbs inside the carapace that harvest a contemporary of water which transports food and oxygen to the mouth and gills. It’s fascinating how their bodies are virtually transparent and through a microscope the heart beating can be seen, and occasionally their last meal can be seen through the microscope as well. HYPOTHESIS I hypothesized that as the temperature is increased the Daphnia heart rate will increase; lower temperature will cause the heart rate to slow down. I also hypothesized that the amount of Epinephrine will eventually kill the Daphnia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order for our experiment to be successful there were materials we used and methods. Our professor gave each group one Daphnia, afterward we used a clean glass microscope slide and dried it with a paper towel. Then we placed the slide on the stage of the microscope...
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...Critical Behavior In Research Princess Gunthrope University of Phoenix In research it is very important to adhere to ethical norms, these values ensure the proper and initial aim of research is carried out. The law of ethics in research prohibit researchers from falsifying information or misrepresenting information to participants. Often times “research involves a great deal of cooperation and coordination among many different people in different disciplines and institutions, ethical standards promote the values that are essential to collaborative work, such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness”(Sent, 2003). The critical behavior in research analysis will analyze an ethical issue raised in the article, The Causal Generalization Paradox: The Case of Treatment Outcome Research, written by Graham L. Staines. The article by Staines discusses the causal generalization paradox. The ethical issue at the heart of the article is the use of improper sampling procedures. With the vast amount of research taking place and random assignment techniques, less of a priority is being placed upon random sampling. According to Staines,2008 experimental research typically selects units, in part or in whole, at the convenience of the researcher. The researcher then makes no attempt, or often times only a limited attempt, to ensure that this sample is an accurate representation of some larger group or population. This form...
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...Assignment Final Project Complete the Final Project Science Meets Real Life Whether you think of yourself as an up and coming scientist or not, you use science every day. You will explore how you apply different aspects of science in your daily life in a two part project. In 1,500-words (minimum), discuss the following: PART I: SCIENTIFIC METHOD Each and every day, we are faced with having to make split-second decisions, and the need to solve random problems that we encounter. To reach those decisions and work those problems out you are subconsciously using the scientific method. Apply the five steps of the Scientific Method to two situations that could occur in your everyday life. Use the scientific method in the first scenario provided below to solve the problem at hand. Please come up with a second detailed scenario on your own and follow the same steps in the scientific method to find a resolution. Scenario 1: You arrive home late at night. You walk up to the front door, unlock it, and reach in to turn on the light switch located just inside the front door. The light does not come on! Now what? Scenario 2: Develop your own detailed problem/observation and apply the scientific method to solve. PART II: WHY I CANNOT LIVE WITH/WITHOUT SCIENCE As you have seen throughout this course, science is intricately interwoven with our lives: in the food we eat, in the clothes we wear, in the computers we use for this course, science has had a hand in them all. Answer...
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...red hat. It hovers over the hat and then darts away. Question: Do ruby-throated hummingbirds prefer some colors more than others when visiting flowers? INTRODUCTION: There have been a number of researches and experiments done when it comes to ruby-throated hummingbirds. The ruby-throated hummingbirds are the only hummingbirds found in Northeast United States. They have great color vision, like many birds, and can see ultraviolent spectrum, unlike humans (1996, All About Birds). PREDICTION: Ruby-throated hummingbirds do prefer some colors other than others when visiting flowers. CONTROL EXPERIMENTAL METHOD: I will conduct a control experiment with 10 ruby-throated hummingbirds, using red, yellow, orange, and purple flowers. I will observe the Hummingbirds over a period of 5 weeks. I will then take pictures of the birds 10 times a day, to see which flower they prefer. RESULTS: In this experiment, I found that the ruby-throated hummingbirds prefer the red and orange flower over any other color. They flock to the red flower, by 1% over the orange. I feel that orange is a close color to red and if the hummingbirds does not get a chance to get to the red flowers, then they will flock to the next best thing. CONCLUSION: Based on this experiment, I accept this hypothesis. I do not feel that there is a need to conduct further experience. The hummingbirds flocked to the red and orange flowers, without hesitation and never giving interest to the purple or yellow...
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...The Body Fat Loss Experiment Does taking a thermogenic fat loss supplement cause an extra decrease in body fat or is it just the extra exercise and dieting from the individual's commitment itself that causes a greater body fat reduction? Thus, making people believe the excellent results couldn't of resulted on their own without the extra help from the thermogenic? I personally believe that the thermogenic supplement can cause an extra loss in body fat if taken properly. In this small experiment, I (Sean) and Ricky were the experimental group taking a thermogenic supplement from USP labs called OxyElite Pro for 4 weeks. Well my friends Luca and Adrian were the control group who had not taken anything for 4 weeks knowingly. Luca and Adrian had both decided that they did not need the supplement in order lose the same amount of body fat as Sean and Ricky. Since Luca and Adrian were exposed to the same experimental environment, it was only appropriate to consider them as the control group. All four subjects were on the same exact diet which consisted of oatmeal in the morning, a tuna sandwich and green leaf salad for lunch, and steak with broccoli at night. As for their workouts, they were performed together consisting of the same exact routines. Every workout would begin with running for 10min then cycling for 10min and abdominal workouts at the end of every workout for 10min. Biceps and triceps on Monday, back and chest on Tuesday, calves and thighs on Wednesday, Lats/traps/shoulders...
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...applied research method. My company would use this type of research to figure out how to make more profitable when transporting goods. They may look at changing routes or how they split loads between drivers. DQ 2 Three things to research would be when these complaints are happening day or night? Who are these complaints about one employee or multiple employees? What are the company policies for customer service? DQ 3 Quantitative data is easier to read it can be translated to numerical expression. This is much easier to use when trying to determine if they should change something and how things are going. DQ 4 The essential characteristics distinguishing a true experiment require experimental and control groups and making sure that all parts of the experiment are validated. When conducting experiments with humans things can change constantly making it hard to validate. DQ 5 Some of the focus group questions I would use are. Does the IPhone have the capability to do what you need it to? Are there any features you do not like about it? How was the battery life? Were all the features easy to navigate? DQ 6 A method of sociological investigation that uses question based or statistical surveys to collect information about how people think and act. For example, a possible application of survey research to a business context might involve looking at how effective mass media is in helping form and shift public opinion” (Business Dictionary. 2013). If not done correctly...
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