...How Does the Supplementation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) affect Human Fat Mass? Abstract Research Question: How does the supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) affect human body composition? Literature Review: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a family of geometrical and positional isomers of linoleic acid. The predominant sources of CLA are from ruminant animal fats (cow, dairy, sheep, goat, and deer). Over the past 20 years, CLA supplementation has produced positive effects in animal studies, such as significant body fat reduction, anticarcinogenisis, antiatherogenesis, immune modulation and improved bone health. Conversely, human studies have not produced all of the aforementioned results. Nonetheless, there have been many human studies supporting a minimal but significant body fat reduction. These results have been mainly attained with a 50:50 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 of purified CLA isomers at various doses. There is evidence indicating that a dose of 3.0g CLA/day may lead to fat loss, whereas the average Canadian consumes between 0.1-1.5 g CLA/day. Therefore, a supplement may be warranted in the future, once further research has been completed on the efficacy and safety of CLA supplementation. Implications to dietetic practice: Clinical dietitians involved in research should experiment with various doses and isomers, but they should particularly investigate the long-term implications...
Words: 4114 - Pages: 17
...| Preferred Name(optional) | | | Country(if outside Australia) | | Are you an International Student* Yes X No | | Contact Phone 1 | | Date of Birth | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 7 | 9 | | Contact Phone 2 | | | | Unit Code* | SBI245 | Lecturer name* | Dr Hao Wang | Unit Name* | Biochemistry | Assignment Title* | Assignment 1: Experiment | Charles Darwin University is unable to accept and process assignments without a completed assignment cover sheet. PLEASE READ THE IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON THE REVERSE OF THIS FORM. Due date* | Posting date * | Semester | 10/04/14 | 10/04/14 | X Semester 1 Semester 2 Summer Semester Term 1 Term 2 Term 3 Term 4 | Have you applied for an extension? Yes X No Student Comments | | | | | | | Lecturer Comments | | | | | | | Biochemistry Experiment Pre-workout Exercise Enhancement & Weight Cutting Stack Abstract: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a blend of supplements that could be used as a pre-workout and weight cutting stack for an individual who often undergoes weight cutting programs for competition purposes. The time taken to complete exercises, the recovery time, the number of repetitions performed of each exercise and levels of resistance in kg were measured...
Words: 1776 - Pages: 8
...starvation experiment, he also explains the conflicting decisions of diets and what dieting method is best for weight loss. Taubes tries to tackles the challenge of how weight loss can be sustained without hunger or starvation, by looking through a viewpoint at various scenarios, he even looks at ancient mythology. The article is direct continuum with Taubes asking questions that he never really gives answers, in some ways the article is supposed to be reflective. The article concludes by the acceptance in the decision that weight loss and diet is not an easy topic. I generally love the nature of the article; I believe the article provides helpful insight...
Words: 637 - Pages: 3
...TOPIC: RESEARCH QUESTION: Scientifical relationship between the time period of cycling and the amount of energies burnt (i.e. the varition between the BACKGROUND / THEORY: Information source : "Cycling to Lose Weight." Weight Loss Resources. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. <http://www.weightlossresources.co.uk/logout/sport/cycling.htm>. Cycling has several advantages in different perspective. Cycling helps in long distance locomotion without the need of automobile. In addition to that, cycling activates major muscles that are found in legs: the quadriceps, glutei, hamstrings and calves. The Pedal power is low in impact and therefore takes the weight off the body, so for many people who cannot do high impact sports because of the pressure it puts on their joints, such as running, cycling is a great alternative. Most women might be concerned that their muscle might enlarge in size due to the vigorous cycling, however this is not true. Cycling burns calories and is unlikely to build large quantities of muscle. Instead it is much more likely that your thighs, bum and waist will all slim down and tone up, making cycling a great exercise for those wanting to help their weight loss. Therefore cycling is considered to be one of the healthiest ways of losing fats. HYPOTHESIS: It is hypothesize that as the time period taken by a person to cycle increases then the amount of calories burn by that person also increases. Inversely, if the time taken by a person to cycle decreases, then the...
Words: 1633 - Pages: 7
...twenty obese individuals will be split up into two groups depending on their BMI percentage, (30-40) and (41-50). A self-injection of placebo, 1 mg or 3 mg of leptin per kilogram of body weight will be given to each participant. They will have blood levels draw with a combined weigh in and will write in their journals daily. It is predicted that 1 mg and 3 mg per kilogram of body weight, of Leptin will reduce body weight within the smaller BMI percentage group of 30-40 but no significance in the larger BMI group 41-50 due to a higher chance of leptin resistance. Role and Effects of Leptin on Obese Patients Leptin and ghrelin are both hormones that play a crucial role in an individual’s appetite, weight control, and glucose homeostasis. Leptin is formed by mature adipocytes in a quantity which associates positively with the mass of the adipose tissue (Otto-Buczkowska & Chobot, Part II, 2012). It first crosses the blood-brain barriers to the central nervous system (CNS), where it activates the autonomic nervous system and binds to receptors in the brain that ultimately tells the body how much to eat and inhibits ones appetite. Leptin’s position in the CNS is to suppress food intake and stimulate energy outflow. It is “primarily synthesized and secreted by white adipose tissue (WAT) which decreases body weight by both suppressing appetitie and promoting energy expenditure by directly targeting the hypothalamic neurons (Haitao & Zhengquan, 2014). Ghrelin also known as the...
Words: 2032 - Pages: 9
...Trident University Data analysis is a procedure of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modelling data with the goal of highlighting useful information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision making. There are multiple facts and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, in different business, science, and social science domains in data analysis. For data analysis we have to mine the data first for our purpose such that the data we can handle easily. Basically for data analysis our first thing to do our planning, how we are going to collect the data, our going data going to make sense or not, actually data will be meaningful for our object, after planning all this we have to target which population we are going to take, how we are going to frame them first and from that population we have to take samples for our purpose. Target population: The complete collection of objects whose description is the major goal of the study. Designating the target population is a crucial but often difficult part of the first step in an observational or experimental study. For example, in a survey to decide if a new storm-water drainage tax should be implemented, should the target population be all persons over the age of 18 in the county, all registered voters, or all persons paying property taxes? The selection of the target population may have a profound effect on the results of the study. We are going...
Words: 4498 - Pages: 18
...of scientific practicing of eating food in a regulated and supervised way to decreases, maintain, or increase body weight. So that for my study experiment for this week written assignment I would like to more focus on and considering though out the fundamental scientific regulation Experimental method, Which that assessing the showed diet reducing processes determined the methods which analyzing the complete requirement. My study analysis is deciding to address and complete the assessment regulatory connection such as first observations and to answer the question, which that has asked to complete, this help, my assessment to answer the question,...
Words: 629 - Pages: 3
...optimal health and energy levels. Scientific studies have clarified that taking a nutritional approach, and controlling the intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can decrease health risks associated with one’s dietary intake. A staggering increase in diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and other medical conditions has lead medical professionals to recognize that controlled diets can help restore ideal health and lower the risk of medical conditions associated with poor diet. In my own personal 3 day food intake study, I became aware of the importance of balancing proper proportions, eating frequent meals as opposed to binge eating, and the dietary modifications that are necessary for me obtain optimal health. This study has helped me to understand the importance of balancing nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Proteins are foods that come from animals and plant sources and contain a good source of zinc, iron and calcium, but many of these foods can contain a high level of saturated fats and cholesterol. Foods rich in protein help regulate body functions including the immune system. Carbohydrates are a good source of fiber and micronutrients and are found in foods such as; vegetables, fruits, and foods containing whole grains. Carbohydrates are important because they are a main source of energy to the body, but too many carbohydrates can cause diabetes and hypoglycemia. There are many sources of carbohydrates, and information on food labels can help select...
Words: 1272 - Pages: 6
...lose fat while gaining muscle mass, but I could not find a good routine that gave me the best results. Before I began my research, I had to think critical about what was causing me to gain fat, and why my workout routine was not as effective on myself as it was for others. I began to search for credible sources on the Internet, so that I can have a better understanding of the relationship between nutrition and the human body. Once my understanding on nutrition was clear, I then began to do research on fat burning and strength conditioning. After my research was complete, I began to test these theories on myself. I created a chart that kept track of each exercise, the amount of repetitions completed, weight loss or gain, and body fat percentage. I used this chart to compare my before and after results within 90 days, and the end results were stunning. I could lower my body fat percentage, and gain more muscle mass, which was exactly what I wanted. The type of informal research that was used to test this theory was experimental research. According to the textbook, Psychology and Your Life, it tells us about experimental research, which states, “Investigator produces a change in one variable to observe the effects of that change on other variables” (Ch. 1, pg. 33). With that said, the way that I tested the theory of increasing my muscle mass was similar to the research method described in the text. Through experimental research, psychologists carry out an experiment to establish...
Words: 464 - Pages: 2
...Human Biology Week 1: Worksheet 1. Consider the organization of life. Identify the different levels of organization from the cell to the organism. -The cell is the smallest unit displaying the properties of life that is the basic structural and functional unit of organisms. -Tissues are a group of similar cells that performs similar functions. - Organ is a structure that contains at least two different types of tissues that work together for a common purpose. -Organ system is a group of organs arranged in such a way that they perform functions that they would not otherwise be able to perform if they were by themselves. -Organism is an individual being that contains all of the above mentioned. Without these an organism would not be able to function properly. 2. List and define the characteristics of life and provide an example in your life that demonstrates the characteristic. -There are 7 characteristics of life and they are as follows: Organization is when single cell organisms have a specific make up to be self sufficient. It starts with an organism which is complex. Humans are classified as multicellular because they are composed of many different types of cells. A tissue is defined as a group of similar cells that perform a particular function. An organ is made up of many tissues, and organ systems are a group of organs that perform a common function. One example of life is humans. When acquiring materials and energy, living things take in energy and use it...
Words: 2343 - Pages: 10
...The Atkins Diet: Pitfalls and Risks Millions across the world have benefited from the Atkins diet and have lost weight successfully. Weight loss is achievable through Dr. Atkin’s methods and diet plan. The primary concern that the Atkins diet focuses on is the intake of carbohydrates through the diet. Through the restriction and then gradual reintroduction of carbohydrates, the Atkins diet uses the body’s own mechanisms against itself to burn fat. By restricting the carbohydrate intake and then slowly introducing back into the diet; fat becomes the primary energy burner since glucose production is low due to lack of carbohydrates. The exclusion of carbohydrates while on the Atkins diet is an unhealthy manner to lose weight, one runs the...
Words: 1570 - Pages: 7
...overall health because it is the foundation for secondary diseases such as hypertension, high cholesterol, type two diabetes, and osteoarthritis. As obesity continues throughout a patient’s life, the secondary diseases are expected to increase in prevalence and severity. Many of the secondary diseases can be reversed with weight loss. It is important to distinguish the difference between patients who are obese and those who are overweight. Overweight...
Words: 1540 - Pages: 7
...understand why asking people to eat a well-balanced vegetarian diet is considered drastic, while it is medically conservative to cut people open or put them on powerful cholesterol-lowering drugs for the rest of their lives.” --Dean Ornish, M.D. In the Theory of Leisure Class: Conspicuous Consumption, Thorstein Veblen once wrote, “The ‘successful’ are thin to show that they are assured of their next meal.” This sentence gave insight to why people wanted to be thin. Furthermore, it tends to be a reason why many of us climb on our scales at home each day, and depending on what is read, determines whether we have a good day or a bad day (Beller 264). Whether it’s the unhappy news of the gained weight on the thighs, age creeping up on the body, or perhaps only being uneducated in nutrition. Overall well-being should be the goal for weight control, not only to enhance the body’s appearance (Sobal 81). Being overweight can be helped; as any degree of obesity can be considered one of the most preventable causes of death in America (Frankle et al. 1). Obesity in the United States has grown over the years with no real solution, however vegetarianism can contribute to overall well-being of any individual. Karlsberg states that obesity is “the condition of being extremely overweight”, being usually about twenty percent over healthy weight (77). Even if one is not obese, but overweight, the problems that obesity has could be the same. Such as heart disease, circulatory problems, high...
Words: 3372 - Pages: 14
...well as what a balanced diet looks like. Eating a low-carb high-fat, or ketogenic, diet of high fat, adequate protein and low carbohydrates can provide many health benefits as compared to the alternative of an unhealthy diet. Research suggests that a ketogenic diet builds a healthier body than other diets because it will lead to weight loss, improved blood pressure, and reduce appetites. The ketogenic diet is the foundation for a healthy life. As noted by Dr. Eenfeldt (2014), The ketogenic diet has been referred to by different names, such as: the keto diet, low carb diet, low carb high fat (LCHF), and to some degree the Adkins Diet. The ketogenic diet is a well known diet for being associated with consuming a low amount of carbohydrates, a moderate amount of protein and high amount of fat, where the body produces ketones in the liver to be used as energy (Taubes, 2008). With a diet high in carbohydrates your body will produce glucose and insulin. Glucose is the easiest molecule for your body to convert and use as energy, so it will be chosen over other energy sources. The insulin is produced in order to process the glucose in your bloodstream (Taubes, 2008, p.167). Since the glucose is used as the primary energy source, your fats are not used, and are therefore stored. By lowering the intake of carbohydrates, the body is induced into a metabolic state known as ketosis. Ketosis is the natural process the body initiates...
Words: 3974 - Pages: 16
...school nurse notified the parents did C.W. come to the attention of professional help. By the time she was seen, C.W. showed a symptom picture typical of anorexia nervosa; her emaciated physical appearance, concerns about being fat and missing four or five menstrual periods. Despite a limited food intake, C.W. loved to cook for others and took an interest in food recipes. Unfortunately, she did not eat any of the food she prepared for others. Despite C.W.'s serious loss of weight and preoccupation with food, the competency-based assessment uncovers a number of parallel strengths in her story. Her parents are concerned about her and involved in her life. She is a good student. Counseling was not a new experience for her. Despite feeling demeaned by a prior counselor, C.W. came to see the current therapist and appeared to be engaged and willing to discuss her eating patterns. In fact, when she changed the subject C.W. responded cooperatively to the therapist's attempt to redirect her to the problem at hand. C.W. is in good general health (despite her eating patterns) and shows no symptoms to support the presence of another mental disorder such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, or panic disorder. Though C.W. loves to look at cookbooks and experiment with recipes, she does not particularly obsess to the point of supporting the diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder. Diagnostic Criteria A. Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements,...
Words: 731 - Pages: 3
