...survivals abilities of these living organisms. One of these important factors is the temperature, each organism has a certain temperature range that the organism can survive and reproduce on that range. Scientists know the performance of an organism by measuring the heart rate of the organism to indicate the ability of the living things. Du et al [2010] studied the temperature and it’s affected on the embryos of the reptilian, which conclude that, the heart rate increase when the temperature rise [1]. Another study by Licht [1965] was describing the effect of temperature on the performance and the capacity of...
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...Introduction The Daphnia magna, more commonly known as the water flea, is a tiny freshwater crustacean. Its clear exoskeleton and jointed appendages point to its classification as an arthropod. This is further evidenced by the location of its heart—the dorsal region. The Daphnia magna’s importance in the aquatic food chain can be attributed to its essential place in the diet of young and adult fish (Elbert, 2005). The Daphnia magna belongs to Class Branchiopoda, which are free-floating crustaceans that. It is also, more specifically, a member of Genus Daphnia (Ebert, 2005). Branchiopods always have flattened, partially leaf-like, legs. As a branchiopod, the Daphnia magna belongs to the Order Cladocera, which is protected by a calcified...
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...Daphnia Practical Write-up Purpose and Hypothesis The purpose of this experiment was to determine how affected the heart rate of the daphnia. The results gained from this experiment aids scientific researchers in finding out how caffeine can affect heart rate as well as human health. My hypothesis was that as we increase the caffeine dose the daphnia heartbeat would increase at the same time. Variables The independent variable was the amount of caffeine we administrated to the daphnia. The dependent variable was the heartbeat of the daphnia before and after their caffeine intake. The control variables were the species of daphnia used, the water temperature and the type of microscope used Method Ultimately our method was successful despite the experiment itself not being successful .We was able to carry out all of the steps without difficulty despite environmental troubles. 1. Gather all the relevant equipment including the daphnia, solutions of no caffeine concentration and two of different solutions of caffeine concentrations. 2. Remove the daphnia from its initial environment using a pipette, disposing of excess water in a few drops. 3. Pipette the daphnia onto a microscope side into the dipped part, remove excess water still remaining using a filter paper or a paper towel. 4. Add a few drops of distilled water and remove excess water using a filter paper or a paper towel to prevent the daphnia from moving around more than need. 5. Focus the daphnia in the...
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...9-21-2014 Bio 102 The Outcome of Temperature and Epinephrine on the Heart rate of Daphnia INTRODUCTION This lab report accomplishes a test to measure the effects of an escalation and a reduction in temperature, and amount of Epinephrine on the heart rate of Daphnia. The Daphnia also known as ´´water flea´´ is a type of crustaceans that is found lavishly in small bodies of fresh water. Only a few of these are impartially big enough to be seen without a microscope in decent light. Daphnia have a tendency to be virtually kidney shaped, retaining only a single compound eye, two doubly separated antennae , and leaf –like limbs inside the carapace that harvest a contemporary of water which transports food and oxygen to the mouth and gills. It’s fascinating how their bodies are virtually transparent and through a microscope the heart beating can be seen, and occasionally their last meal can be seen through the microscope as well. HYPOTHESIS I hypothesized that as the temperature is increased the Daphnia heart rate will increase; lower temperature will cause the heart rate to slow down. I also hypothesized that the amount of Epinephrine will eventually kill the Daphnia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order for our experiment to be successful there were materials we used and methods. Our professor gave each group one Daphnia, afterward we used a clean glass microscope slide and dried it with a paper towel. Then we placed the slide on the stage of the microscope...
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...the caffeine concentration rises, so does the mean heart rate of daphnia. Risk Assessment: In this experiment there are the following risks both for the human that carries out the experiment and the daphnia: ← The human that carries out the experiment should be cautious not to touch the lamp with wet hands since it uses electricity. ← Also, be careful not to spill any of the pond water on the floor. ← As for the daphnia, there is a chance for them to die as when they are exposed to light, they are also exposed to heat in which they aren’t used to. ← Moreover, when they are given caffeine of a high concentration their heart may beat so fast that will cause their death. ← Furthermore, there is the risk of the daphnia to dry up, which may kill it in the middle of the experiment. Method: These are the steps that we followed when doing the experiment: 1. Use a pipette to transfer the daphnia to a cavity slide containing pond water of known volume. 2. Add some cotton fibres to the cavity slide and move them with a fine paint brush in such a way that the daphnia can’t move. 3. Use a calculator to calculate the heart rate. Set its reading to zero and add 1 to the answer. 4. One student will use a stopwatch to count 30 seconds which is the time during which the measurement of the heart rate will take place. 5. Turn the microscope lamp on and locate the heart of the daphnia through the microscope. 6. Measure the beat rate. 7. Repeat...
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...Introduction Temperature is one of the key environmental factors that affects the survival and reproduction of living organisms. There are certain temperature ranges on which reactions inside a living thing would perform optimally and its performance would decrease as the temperature deviates from that range. The measurement of heart rate can be considered as an indicator of the performance for many living things. Licht et al [1965] studied the effect of temperature on the capacity of performing an activity for the Lizards [1]. Du et al [2001] studied the effect of temperature on different reptilian embryos and showed that the increase in temperature resulted in increased heart rate [2]. The closest study to our work is done by Lankeymeyer et al [2003] who studied the performance various animals, such as water flea Daphnia magna Strauss, with respect to temperature [3]. In our study, we want to see the effect of a stimulant such as caffeine on the heart rate of Daphnia. We quantify the...
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...This experiment is to show how the heart rate can be affected by the substances caffeine and ethanol,Daphnia (Daphnia magna) are prone to alcohol and caffeine intoxication and react quickly to both solutions, therefor the effect of both the depressant and stimulant on the heart rate can be seen through the translucent exoskeleton . (John K. Colbourne) Caffein (trimethylzanthine) is a psychoactive drug, it is found in large quantities in a array of different foods and drinks.It is a cardiac stimulant, this occurs by it being a anti catalyst to the enzyme cyclic phosphodiesterace (Neal J. 1999) which keeps the heart at a steady pace with the help of C.A.M.P (cyclic adenosine monoposphate) this is produced by the hormone epinephrine. Without cyclic phosphodiesterace the heart beat increases, this is because the C.A.M.P diffuses through cells and activates...
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...The Effect of Nyquil on Daphnia Pulex Water Fleas Research Questions What kind of food does the subject typically eat? Will the subject’s behavior change from the dosage? Will reproduction be affected either negatively or positively? What is the best possible environment for the subjects to live in? How often do they reproduce? Hypothesis If the Daphnia Pulex water fleas consume Nyquil then it will dull the flea's senses over time, and will slowly cause adverse effects, as to drowsiness and dizziness is a common side effect in humans. I will study and measure the reproduction and/or death rates from the subjects as well as erratic behaviors they exhibit. Background Research Nyquil Generic name is acetaminophen/dextromethorphan/doxylamine/pseudoephedrine (a-seet-a-MIN-oh-fen/dex-troe-meth-OR-fan/dox-IL-a-meen/sue-do-eh-FED-rin) Nyquil is a brand name used by Vicks for relieving symptoms of the common cold and allergies. It works by blocking the action of histamine, thus the term of antihistamine.1 Nyquil may cause dizziness, drowsiness and blurred vision. It may also cause increased sensitivity to sun. Nyquil may cause liver damage if it is abused, due to the alcohol included. Pregnant...
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...Daphnia are very sensitive to ions and other chemicals in water, so they are often found in freshwater habitats with temperatures around 18-22°C. This also helps many scientists determine how safe water is for human consumption. If the Daphnia can live for a long while, then the water tends to be safer than if the Daphnia die immediately. Daphnia are extraordinarily small invertebrates, most only getting up to 1cm long and forming in the shape of a kidney bean. Daphnia have two sets of long, doubly branched antennae and six appendages that help produce water, carry food, and pump oxygen to their mouths and gills. Due to the Daphnia’s transparent carapace, another name for the body frame of the Daphnia, the species tends to be the color of what it eats. With Daphnia being filter feeders, they tend to feed on zooplankton, phytoplankton, bacteria, detritus, and fungal spores. The eating habits of Daphnia remain constant, however, the infiltration rates depend on temperature, body size, food density/quality, oxygen concentration, and water pH. Daphnia can be fed to many animals such as water mites and small...
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...This experiment was designed to test the effects of certain environmental factors and chemicals on the heart rate of Daphnia. The Daphnia’s transparency allows the heart to be identified and counted under a microscope when the Daphnia are exposed to these factors. To study the influence of these factors on the Daphnia, four petri dishes were filled with a few drops of room temperature water, ethanol, sugar water, and about 5℃ water respectively. The sugar water was made by mixing a dash of sugar added to water until the sugar dissolved; whereas, the 5℃ water was made by placing in the dish and adding a few ice cubes until the temperature reached 5℃. For each liquid, a few fibers from a cotton ball were separated and placed on a slide in the...
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...Materials: • Scales • Watch Glass • Pipette • 1x 125ml beaker • 1x 50ml measuring cylinder • 1x spoon • 1x mortar and pestle • 1x no-doz tablet • 150ml pond water • Daphnia • Microscope slides • Microscopes • Journal/Pen • Marker • Scissors • 50ml Beaker • Plastic cup • timer Method: 1. Collect all materials stated in the materials section above and draw up a table in your journal to record your data later on. 2. Pour 50mls of pond water using the measuring cylinder into the 125ml beaker. (if temperature is to cold change from a beaker to a plastic cup as the daphnia are quite sensative.) 3. Using a Marker, mark on the beaker what drink you are using and its caffeine concentration. 4. Take one no-doz tablet and using the Mortar and...
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...We extracted Daphnia magma from an open container environment. The Daphnia that where used measured 4-5 millimeters is length from head to tail. To set up the experiment, a clear acrylic 30 X 2 centimeters (cm) mesocosm was as our testing environment. The mesocosm was washed out with warm water before being filled with purified water until it is 3-4 cm away from the top and 10 Daphnia were added to the tube and then a cork was added. A line was drawn at 10 centimeters from the cork at one end and this was the counting area while the rest of the tube was covered with a black felt. The mesocosm was placed in a ring stand clamp and secured with a clamp horizontally to correctly evaluate phototaxis in the environment. A dissection light which...
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...heart rates were both increased and decreased with the addition of ethanol depending on the level of stress the rats were in (Arciero 1998). In humans, caffeine did not affect heart rates (Sparrow 1987). Different ages of humans had heart rates that were not affected by caffeine (Umemura 2006). The purpose of this experiment was to test if the quantity of ethanol and caffeine increases or decreases the heart rates in Daphnia magna. We predicted that the heart rates of the Daphnia would rise when exposed to ethanol, yet would remain the same when exposed to caffeine. We also hypothesized that the higher the concentration of the drug in the solution, the more effect the drug would have on the organism. Methods We conducted the experiment on Daphnia...
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...to determine how Daphnia magna heart rate behaves when exposed to increasing concentrations of stimulant and depressant drug. Hypothesis: If the concentration of caffeine pills and ethanol alcohol are increased then Daphnia magna heart rate will only increase in caffeine pills but not ethanol because caffeine pills are stimulant drug that boost mental and physical function in contrast alcohol is a depressant drug, which reduces the levels of arousal in the central nervous system (Ceida, n.d.). Independent Variables: 0%, 3%, 5% ethanol concentration. 0%, 3%, 5% caffeine pill concentration. Dependent Variable: heart rate of Daphnia magna/beats per minute (bpm). Constant Variables: Daphnia magna, caffeine pills, ethyl alcohol, 1 inch masking tape, 100ml volumetric flask, 100ml beakers, 10ml graduated cylinder, containers, light microscope, wash bottle, coffee filter, mortar and pestle, distilled water, and concavity slides. REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Caffeine and alcohol plays a vital role in every daily life of humanity, but which concentrations greatly affect the heart rate of Daphnia magna? So, what are Daphnia magna...
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...Predator-prey interactions are an important aspect of most ecosystems. As both predatory and prey, Daphnia magna serves as a unique model organism in aquatic ecology (Lampert 2006). D. magna consumes different types of appropriately sized particles, this includes algae, bacteria and protozoans (Lampert 2006). As prey, D. magna is well known for its morphological defences, that were developed in some individuals in response to certain predators (Lampert 2006). These defense mechanisms include helmets, crest, tail spines, and neck teeth (Lampert 2006). Other defensive behavioral responses can be triggered by the presences of chemical substances emitted in the near environment from predators (Pijanowska 1997). This leads to the question of how would the presence of a predator would affect behaviors such as feeding in D. magna. Our hypothesis was that the presence of a predator will affect the feeding rate of D. magna. We predicted that if the D. magna is exposed to predators while feeding, they will have a slower feeding rate. We...
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