...Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing The American Nurses Association’s (ANA) Code of Nursing Ethics, personal and societal values, and legal responsibilities all influence the way we care for our patients, treat our co-workers, and take care of ourselves. Never the less, nurses need to make a distinction between their individual values and their professional ethics when caring for their patients. The American Nurses Association’s Code of Nursing Ethics is the cornerstone for nursing practice. Even though patients can still receive quality ethical care even if the code has never been read by the nurse, enhanced and complete nursing care is given when the nursing code of ethics is followed. The nursing code of ethics, according to Lachman, 2009, is the fundamental document for nurses and it provides a social contract with the patients we serve and acts as an ethical and legal framework for nurses, especially while the nurse is taking on more multifaceted roles and is involved in more complex ethical and legal situations. In the case of 55 year old Henry, the ANA’s Code of Nursing Ethics would influence a final decision in the following ways. The final decision would not be based directly on the nurse caring for Henry, but based on a healthcare team approach. It is the nurse’s responsibility to make sure that Henry’s family is fully informed of all possible choices. First, according to Lachman, 2009, the patient is not the only one involved in the nurse’s care. The nurse...
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...Engineering Ethics Questions 1 & 2: The film Henry’s daughters covers a wide range of ethical issues that can be experienced in and out of the work environment. The following are a list of ethical issues witnessed in this film in order of importance (highest to lowest). 1. The sexual harassment issue experienced by Julie from her co-worker, as well as the “ogling” she faced 2. Henry using favors to influence decision-making to benefit himself without consideration of external parties involved, including both his daughters. He should be thinking as a father first and foremost rather than a businessman. 3. Intellectual property sharing issues between family and friends- Laura and Julie, as they live together, do not avoid talking about the project. Laura and Julie discussed proprietary information when together. 4. All three family members are involved in this project and are working for a prize; this creates an ethical issue as well. 5. There was some discussion pertaining to applications of the technology; there are issues existing with gathering private data about individuals using the technology, which is an ethical issue. 6. Finally, decisions in this situation are being made based on political and social factors rather than technical/engineering based factors. 3. Perspectives a. Henry’s Perspective: There are a wide variety of ethical issues surrounding Henry. i. Henry had an idea for an automated driving system for...
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...profit-sharing bonus, but law says that it should be honored. Outlined in MONT CODE ANN § 28-2-1602: Montana Code - Section 28-2-1602: How written contract may be altered by parties: a contract in writing may be altered by a contract in writing or by an executed oral agreement. An oral agreement altering a written agreement is not an executed oral agreement within the statute authorizing modification of written contracts by an executed oral agreement unless its terms have been fully performed, and performance on one side is not sufficient. Therefore, the contact can be enforced. For Winkel to be entitled to any profit-sharing bonus, the court must find the written employment agreement was altered by an executed oral agreement. Based on the information given, the oral agreement was never executed. Therefore, he is not entitled to profit bonus. The written contract did not mention receiving higher salary and the profit-share. MONT CODE ANN § 28-2-1602 10.7 Mr. Peter Andrus made an offer to purchase insurance for an apartment building from Durick Insurance rejected the offer Mr. Andrus made and made a counteroffer containing an automatic acceptance absent affirmative notification. Mr. Andrus' did not reply to the counter offer. As such the failure to pay the premiums as requested by Durick is notice to Durick of the rejection of the counteroffer. So Mr. Peter Andrus wins. (J.C. Durick Insurance v. Andrus, 1980) 11.4 Chuckrow is only obligated for the...
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... The case of Briggs v Sacketts talks about a home purchase by Robert Brigss and his wife. After six years, they fell behind on their mortgage payment and entered into an oral agreement to sell the house to Winfield and Emma Sackett if the Sacketts would pay the three months’ that they were behind and the future payments. After 15 years Robert Brigss filed an action to void the oral contract as in violation of the Statute of Frauds and evict the Sacketts from the house. The applicable issue in this case is contracts involving interests in real property; because according to the statute of frauds any contract that transfers an ownership interest in real property must be in writing to be enforceable (Cheeseman p 220). The Sacketts family only had an oral agreement for the sale of the home that by itself alone it is not sufficient to proof that they own the property, but there is an exception to the rule that it is known as the part performance rule, that allows the court to order an oral contract for the sale of land or transfer of another interest in real property to be specifically performed if it has been partially performed and performance is necessary to avoid injustice (Cheeseman p. 224). Thus giving the case in favor to the Sacketts because they have been making the payments for 15 years, which provides that they are in compliance with the part performance rule; without a written contract the house still belongs to the Sacketts. Cheeseman, Henry R. (2010). Business...
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...“The Ultimate Rip-Off: A Taxing Tale” At the beginning of “The Ultimate Rip-Off: A Taxing Tale”; it discusses how Jeff Burke, a Special Agent for the IRS agent, used to love playing and pitching in softball when an unfortunate accident lead him to the doctors' office. Luckily, Jeff had not suffered any serious injuries, nothing an ice pack couldn’t fix. As a mental note Jeff was going to make purchasing jock support a priority. After leaving the doctors' office Jeff reflected on the fact that most doctors are active investors in securities, bonds, rental properties, and especially real estate. Jeff drifted off into daydream land and thought about the days when he would have been able to audit the doctors’ office. Today, however, an agent can look at only taxpayers’ files that they are auditing. The plot begins when Jeff received a call from Nick Anderson, an elite Special Agent and a longtime friend, who works for the Treasury Inspector General for the Tax Administration Division (TIGTA). Nick had suspicions that there was a crooked IRS agent in a critical position. Nick had started out his career as a strike-force Agent; their basic function was to uncover possible criminal activities. Their duties often consisted of undercover work. The book explains some terms used in the industry along with some statistics, and IRS history. For example, in 1998 Congress prohibited financial status or economic reality techniques to determine the existence of unreported income unless an agent...
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...Running head: PROFESSIONAL VALUES AND ETHICS Professional Values and Ethics University of Phoenix Professional Values and Ethics What is the difference between values and ethics? Values are rules by which people make decisions about what is right versus wrong; good versus bad and what one should or should not do. The definition of values according to Dictionary.com is “the ideals, customs, institutions, etc., of a society toward which the people of the group have an affective regard. These values may be positive, as cleanliness, freedom, or education, or negative, as cruelty, crime, or blasphemy” (The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 2009). Examples of values include: respect, empowerment, commitment and teamwork. Ethics on the other hand, are generally a formal set of rules which are openly adopted by a group of people; such as a company’s code of conduct or a code of ethics handbook. The definition of ethics according to Dictionary.com states “a theory or system or moral values; the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the member of a profession” (The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 2009). Examples of ethics might include: bribery is not acceptable or treatment of customers. Many people question the values and ethics of professional establishments, especially those in the financial industries. American’s today are going through...
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...Case Study : Lehman Brother’s Demise of Lehman Brothers Lehman Brother’s demise was the event that gripped the US financial system into shock. It was the fourth largest investment firm in the US as of 2007 with 25,000 employees worldwide. The Firm had an exponential growth and recognized profits from 2005 to 2006 and in 2007 reported a net income of $4.2 billion dollars on revenues of 19.3 billion. The stock price of the company reached all-time high when it hit $86.18 per share. Lehman increased 56% in its revenues only from the subprime mortgage business alone. While the company kept reaping benefits, the real estate market in the US started to show signs of pending bubble burst. In March 2007 stock market experienced biggest drop in 5 years and mortgage defaults rose up to the highest percentage in almost a decade. Investors were confident with their money as they were satisfied with Lehman’s financial statements and their past resilience with depressions. According to NyTimes “Lehman never publicly disclosed its use of Repo 105 transactions, its accounting treatment for these transactions, the considerable escalation of its total Repo 105 usage in late 2007 and into 2008, or the material impact these transactions had on the firm’s publicly reported net leverage ratio.” Later when Lehman was exposed of their use of accounting gimmicks to mislead the investors. This led the investors to lose confidence in Lehman brothers. Investors started dumping their stocks while other...
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...Child Abuse in the U.S.A Jennifer Bhikarry Barry University Sandra ROBERTS, Ph.D. Barry University Pembroke Pines, FL 33025 ADM 535: Applied Research Methodologies October 10th, 2011 Child abuse in the U.S.A I – INTRODUCTION Introduction Statement of the Problem: Purpose of the study Research questions II- REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE A - AN ADMINISTRATIVE NIGHTMARE, Deel, (1991) 1. A hidden type of abuse: a school leadership issue, Mitchell ( 2010) 2. Ethical or unethical? The Code of ethics of Georgia: a code to be followed. B. FAMILY RESPONSIBILITY 1. Physical child abuse: a cultural problem 2. Physical abuse vs. Discipline C - CHAPTER SUMMARY III- METHODS AND METHODOLOGY Method Sample selection Participants Instrument Implications for School Counselors and parents Results and Limitations IV- REFERENCES Child abuse in the U.S.A I – INTRODUCTION Introduction It has been said that children are our greatest natural resource. As such, children deserve care and protection to keep them from harm. This care currently includes thousands of professionals representing diverse disciplines such as medicine, law, social work, public health and education. Such diverse representation dedicated to this concern is indicative of the complexity of the problem of child maltreatment. Since the publication of The Battered Child in 1962 (Kempe et al), child maltreatment has been "on the radar" of these professionals who have endeavored tirelessly...
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...The case at hand pertains to business ethics. Business ethics are the moral principles that steer businesses to act ethically while making sound decisions for the good of the business and making the right choices. This is the main reason why businesses have policies and rules that are followed in their day-to-day operations of the business and if there is a violation depending on the circumstances the individual(s) could be terminated as individuals or fined as a business. Furthermore, if you are working for a company and you are asked to do something that may be unethical weigh your options and make a sound decision accordingly to the benefit of the company and yourself morally. Parties The plaintiffs and defendants in this case are as follows: General Investment Corp. is a corporation based out of New Jersey (Plaintiff-Respondent), Anthony V. Angelini and Delores H. Angelini homeowners (Defendant-Appellants), Lustro Aluminum Products Inc. contracted to put siding on home (Defendant). The Supreme Court decided on June 7, 1971. Mr. Milton argued the case for the appellants, and Mr. Davis S. Baime argued the case for the respondent from Baime and Baime attorneys. Francis J. delivered the opinion of the court. Facts Anthony and Delores Angelini are homeowners that needed work done on their home. Lustro Aluminum Products is a contracting company that does home repair. The Angelini’s entered into a contract with Lustro for repair work on their home on December 10, 1966.” Lustro...
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...institution of socialization in the modern society. It is all around us that we cannot run away from it. From the article, “Beauty…and the Beast of Advertising” stated that advertising is an over 100 billion dollar a year industry and affects all of us throughout our lives. We are exposed to over 2000 ads a day, aiming to persuade consumers to buy a certain product. American values are culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful that serve as broad guidelines for social living. In order to sell products, advertising has to appeal to people’s needs and prove how it can play a role in their lives. There are three American cultural values that are promoted in advertisement and those are beauty, work ethic and diversity. One of the American cultural values that is promoted in advertisement is beauty. Many woman are also obsessed living up to the beauty standard that advertisers set in place. In our society we grow up with perfection around us. We watch advertisement in the TV and look at ads,which have been photo-shopped into perfection. They can trick you into thinking the flawless model could be you if you buy their product, but in reality the model themselves are not even that perfect. The value they promotes sometime in advertising physically talks about the perfection of skin. Advertisement use the value of beauty to attract or target woman’s attention of their product advertisement. This is because woman tend to remember and see an...
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...HOBBY LOBBY VS. THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT Leonila Gonzalez oUR LADY OF THE LAKE UNIVERSITY HOBBY LOBBY VS. THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT Leonila Gonzalez oUR LADY OF THE LAKE UNIVERSITY Businesses can be affected by many laws and mandates that are set by the state or federal government. It can be difficult for a small firm to stay in business when such mandates are passed. The Affordable Care Act was signed into law by President Obama on Mach 23, 2010. Key components to the law are improving quality and health care costs, new consumer protections and access to healthcare, and mandating that all firms provided insurance for their employees. Small Business Tax credits were also included as an incentive and a way to reduce cost for the smaller firms. (Human Health Services, 2014) In order for a firm to be exempt from providing insurance to its employees they had to be classified as a non-profit organization or a Church. A businesses classification will give them exemptions for example a non-profit organization. A non-profit organization can be defined as “an incorporated organization which exists for educational or charitable reasons, and from which its shareholders or trustees do not benefit financially” (Investor Words, 2014). Because of the mandates of the Affordable Care Act, it is now in the center of litigation in which a for-profit organization is asking for exemptions from providing women health care, contraceptives, due to the owner’s religious belief. (Reese...
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...BUSINESS ETHICS Student’s Name: Ce Wang Student’s ID: 1226656 Instructor’s Name: Peter Goalby Course Name: New Advances In Business University Of Bedfordshire Date Assignment is due: 20/03/2015 Abstract Business ethics looks at whether the company is heading in the right course by adhering to the various factors such as integrity, fairness and reliability. The ethics set up by the organization plays a vital role in the hiring process and the business management practices. Running an ethical organization is vital in financial matters and in creating the morale and loyalty of the personnel. Ethics are also relevant to the business as it ensures that there is ethical behavior among the workers in the organization. Ethics are also relevant to the business as it aids in creation of an ethical organizational culture. Most of the organizations when posed this question believe that it is the employees who are chiefly responsible for ensuring that their work meet the ethical considerations. However, the employees are not the only ones responsible for business ethics, the employees need support from the management or from the employer. This paper has a look at the ethical issues surrounding the steel manufacturing industry and the Healthcare industry. It also looks at the relevance that ethics have on business, sustainability and corporate responsibility. The paper also looks critically at the connection of business ethics to the organizational culture. Lastly, it...
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...Before the invention of new media, traditional media was largely a capital intensive business, reserved for those with power and access to multi-billion dollar presses and expensive physical distribution systems, costly audio-visual recording and government liscensing (Chia, 2011). Not only has new media disrupted the old conventional model by reducing the barrier of entry to extraordinarily low levels, it has also challenged the commercial model that funds traditional news media gathering and adversely gained tremendous recognition as an essential platform for information dissemination and acquisition (Koh, Lim, Ng, Detenber and Cenite, 10/08/2005). As one of the most wired nations in the world, the Singapore media industry sees audiences and advertisers alike, moving away from traditional media towards digital media (Choo, 12/08/2013); where news from myriad sources is available free of charge and where advertisers have a wide range of options for reaching consumers, including cost-effective online advertising and online retailing. In Singapore, traditional news media are primarily represented by two companies, one owned by Temasek (MediaCorp), one of the state’s sovereign-wealth funds, and the other (Singapore Press Holdings) that is government-centric through close monitoring and regulation. Now forced to compete with a vast spectrum of new publishers such as WikiLeaks, giant news aggregators like Yahoo, MsN and Google News as well as millions of bloggers of whom are...
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...Table of contents Introduction…………………………………………………..3 African Traditional Religion……………………………….5 Christianity, Islam…………………………………………..6 Influences of Religion on African Culture……………….6 Conclusion……………………………………………………13 References…………………………………………………...14 Introduction Africa is a continent of diversity. In this diversity there are hundreds of tribes and communities each practicing its own culture and religion. It would be very difficult to define Africa’s traditional religion as it would be difficult to define its culture. More so, it is extremely difficult to establish the dividing line between African Culture and African Religion. However, as much as there were many African Traditional Religions, their similarities were more dominant than their differences. We take up these similarities and encompass them as one African Traditional Religion. In this report, we explore the important aspects of Africa’s Traditional Religions and cultures that cut across the entire continent. This essay is based on various researches done by prominent scholars, historical background of Africa, news and books relevant to African studies. This report attempts to define religion, culture, and explores the major religions, African Traditional Religion (ATR), Christianity and Islam and their influence and impact on African culture. Africa is one of the World’s six continents. It is the second largest and second most populous...
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...Canada has is oil and logging. For businesses who want to expand towards Canada they are eight dimensions of business culture that will be detail in this analysis, and how NAFTA was formed. The agreements between U.S. and Canada with provisions that will benefit both countries, Canada also has bilateral agreements in trade with European Union and Asia, however we will only analyze U.S.-Canada cultures in business. Canada’s History The first inhabitants of Canada were native’s Indian people, primarily the Inuit “Eskimos. The Norse explorer Leif Eriksson reaches the shores of Canada at Nova Scotia in the year 1000, but the country actually begun 1497 with the introduction of the white man, John Cabot Italian at the service of King Henry VII of England reaches Nova Scotia. Canada was lost to the English in the year 1534 by Jacques Cartier which was the settlement of New France 1604, but was then was Nova Scotia in 1608. Quebec was founded, France’s colonization were not successful and ended at the end of 17th century. They penetrated beyond the Great Lakes to the western prairies and south along the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. The English Hudson’s Bay Company in 1670 establishes themselves because of the abundance of fisheries and fur trade, a conflict that England and France had between each other for the control of the region in 1713. Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay were lost to England. During the seven year war (1756-1763), England extended...
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