...Social Darwinism The social theory or ideology of Social Darwinism, which was prominent during the late 1800s, was a source of both controversy and conflict in Victorian Society and other nations, where imperialists, capitalists and colonialists manipulated Social Darwinism to justify horrific acts of genocide and cultural destruction. Upon the publication of Darwin’s revolutionary theory of evolution, The Origin of Species, uproar was caused in Victorian Society at the notion that humans were related to apes, to animals, which was unthinkable at the time largely because it contravened prevailing religious beliefs. This upheaval was the very beginning of a new age of political thinking and sociological ideas. Society was very quickly divided into those who applied Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection to society and philosophy, and those who opposed the idea, maintaining that Darwin’s theories should not be applied to Homo sapiens…us and that these theories contradicted the most fundamental of moral beliefs and principles. Hence, Social Darwinism was born in all its controversy. However, despite the controversial nature of Darwin’s theories, science and its trends were held in high esteem in Victorian England. Through this, fraudulent governments and individuals motivated by greed for wealth and power were able to justify their actions by manipulating Social Darwinism to fit their purpose, claiming that if science said so, then it must be so. However, Social Darwinism was...
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...Cameron Spencer HIS 201 Comparison Essay 20 Nov 2012 New Deal Under Attack During the middle of the Great Depression many opposed the New Deal. I’m going to compare document 24-3 with document 24-5. I intend to describe the opponents of the New Deal, and the differences between Herbert Hoover and Huey Long’s plans. The first document is about Huey Long’s beliefs and his redistribution of wealth plan. He expresses his sheer disappointment over Roosevelt’s New Deal program and regrets supporting him in the election. The second document is about the conservative criticisms of the New Deal. Herbert Hoover’s anti-New Deal campaign speech centers on limiting government involvement and self-reliance of the people. Minnie Hardin’s letter to Eleanor Roosevelt, it comes straight from the heart of every conservative that looked down on these “reliefers” for “voting theirself a living at the expense of tax-payers” (184-185). Huey Long and the conservatives agreed on their disappointment of the New Deal, but they differed almost entirely on policy. I’m going to compare the two in order to find out how much both Hoover and Long actually differed. Huey Long was a Southern wing Democrat and former Governor of Louisiana that challenged the New Deal during the devastating Great Depression. The reforms of the New Deal failed to reduce poverty and the suffering of Americans. In 1932, he was elected into the United States Senate. There he introduced his “Soak the Rich Tax Bill.” The Senate...
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...tell them all the information for Marks and Spencer such as Financial Highlights, share price, figures and Facts. Marks and Spencer are a company which have done outstanding and their figures have shown that their plan A has been successful. Procedure I completed research online to find financial statistics of Marks and Spencer, this information was found on the internet in the annual report of Marks and Spencer. I viewed the statistics to analyse the findings such as group revenue, profit before tax and final dividend. Findings This data shows that group revenue, group operating profit, profit before tax, earnings per share and final dividend. Group revenue shows that it has rose by 2.0% in 7 moths which is a great achievement and also it’s 9.9 billion, which is a lot for 7 months. Also this year financial highlights have been amazing the group revenue at the end of 53 weeks the percentage went up by 4.2%. Due to the really good results from group revenue the group profit before tax meant down by 15.7% which means they didn’t get much of profit in those few months. As you can see that the underlying earnings per share is 34.9p, it also has upgraded 0.3% which means that they have improved quite greatly. It makes sense to say that the final divined came up to 17.0p in 52 weeks which is a good achievement bearing in mind that they didn’t make much profit before tax and when down by 1.2%. As you can see above Marks and Spencers operating profit is £746.50 which is really...
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...The latest results from Marks & Spencer and Primark paint a very different picture of the high street. While M&S’s like-for-like sales of general merchandise, which is primarily clothing, have fallen 1.5pc over the last six months, Primark has reported a 5pc increase in like-for-like sales and a 22pc uptick in total sales. Marc Bolland, the chief executive of M&S, says the 129-year-old retailer’s clothing business is on a “journey” after the leadership team and style was revamped. “The most important [factor] is to choose the right direction,” he said on Tuesday. The new-look M&S womenswear collection has won strong reviews from the fashion press. It shows the company has listened to criticism from customers by stepping up the quality and introducing sleeves to dresses, which was a particular sore point. Mr Bolland said there has been a “gradual improvement” in the performance of M&S’s clothing business. The company “sold through” 80pc of the clothing advertised in its high-profile 'Leading Ladies’ campaign within six weeks. However, if M&S is to put its clothing arm on a permanently firmer footing, it could still learn lessons from the extraordinary success of its upstart rival Primark. The discount retailer Primark only arrived in the UK in 1973, 89 years after M&S, but if present trends continue then it will have as many clothing customers as M&S within two years. The first lesson from Primark is that price really matters. This sounds obvious, but...
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...Manuel Lira Case Analysis Ciscos Systems Uses its culture for competetive Advantage The observable artifacts, spoused values and assumptions associated with Cisco. Explain Ciscos observable artifact in the reading is that in order to explain how the organization web dreamed up by CEO John Chambers it would take them fifteen minutes and a white board to fully explain. However Manny Rivelo says that in three words it is “speed, skill, and flexibility". Throughout the reading he talks about the development it took for the company to go under after they had a loss of 2.2 billion. The espoused values that helped the company move forward were that Ciscos began to group executives into cross-functional teams. This made everybody uncomfortable and it was bumpy down the years but it finally paid off with success. This is very important because in a business a manager or CEO must know when it’s time for change and must apply change. For example my dad runs a soccer shop which started out from our basement. He sold stuff from home to people in the local soccer leagues and was recognized as the man to go to for any soccer apparel. After about ten years he finally decided it was time to open up a shop so he started out with a small local business. This was helping our business grow but only to a certain extent because people were coming in and seeing our products but the store was really small that they would only be in there for a little bit then they saw their way out. This was showing...
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...SWOT ANALYSIS A SWOT analysis or SWOT matrix is a structured planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in a project or in a business venture. A SWOT analysis can be carried out for a product, place, industry or person. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. Some authors credit SWOT to Albert Humphrey, who led a convention at the Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International) in the 1960s and 1970s using data from Fortune 500 companies. However, Humphrey himself does not claim the creation of SWOT, so the origin remains obscure. SWOT Analysis includes:- * Strengths: Characteristics of the business or project that give it an advantage over others. * Weaknesses: Characteristics that place the business or project at a disadvantage relative to others * Opportunities: Elements that the project could exploit to its advantage * Threats: Elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business or project Identification of SWOTs is important because they can inform later steps in planning to achieve the objective. We are doing SWOT analysis of brand ZARA. ZARA SWOT ANALYSIS | STRENGTHS | * Have about 2000+ stores located in leading cities across 88 countries * Part of one of the biggest Spanish retailers in the world * Needs just two weeks...
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...Marks&Spencers The three different retail outlets I am covering are Marks and Spencers, Tesco’s and Volkswagen. Marks and Spencers is a department store Tesco’s is a supermarket and Volkswagen is a Specialty store. Marks and Spencers display techniques are interesting because in the Hereford store they have the woman's clothing downstairs split into different sections so certain items are easy to find. They then have the food and drink department next door, to get to it you have to go towards the back of the store and there is a big open are you can walk through to enter the food department which is also allied off into sections. The men’s and children’s department is then upstairs along with electrical appliances and the cafe. The stock facing used by Marks and Spencers is very simple the stock that is on sale and is new into the store is usually pushed to the front of the rack in its certain section and the stock that has been out for a long time and isn’t selling well will either be pushed onto the sale rack or pushed to the back of the store. The shelf layout is very similar to all clothes stores and electrical appliances stores, it’s aisled off into sections so it makes it easy for customers to find the products they want, the newer stuff on the shelf is generally pushed forward and the older products are usually pushed towards the back. Marks and Spencers usually have a display in the shop window to entice people to dome in the store; the newer stock is generally...
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...Political According to "BBC News 30th January 2006" Marks & Spencer would be the first retailer to go down the Fair-trade route on both clothing and food. The fair-trade policy, include cut salt and fat in M&S foods, recycled packaging and animal welfare protection. Marks & Spencer Chief Stuart Rose noted, "Customers want good value, but they care more than ever how food and clothing products are made" (BBC, 2006). Economic: Current economic position of the company is very uncertain. The UK retail market showed a low growth of 1.2%, third lowest in the past 40 years (SAS, 2012) M&S have recently closed a number of stores and have cut the jobs on 2% of their 70,000 staff. M&S have tried to change the way market sees themselves to try and stay ahead of the recession. They had 20% discounts in the run-up to Christmas AND 20% of all Wine and Champagne to keep up with their competitors. Social: "Consumer purchases are influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics. Marketers cannot control such factors, but they must take them into account". (Armstrong and Kotler, 2008) In the Guardian (2006), Chief Executive of Marks & Spencer Stuart Rose wanted to stretch the company brand, for example he considered selling food online to become a multi-channel retailer, to keep up with the competitive market such as Asda. Asda and Marks & Spencer appeal to different markets in terms of social class and other demographics; so it influences...
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...Arianne Dyball MAIN Geography Miss Green Issue I Will be looking into Exploitation of workers. Wages and Hours? Child Labour? How are employees treated? Safety and exposure to toxins and lack of trade unions and equal rights for disabled e.t.c.? Global issues, how is waste disposed? Are any resources being polluted? Carbon footprints? Primark Evidence found underpaying workers and not paying overtime. Evidence found child labour being used. Evidence found of lack of regard for workers’ rights and lack of safety. Marks and Spencer's Evidence found fair pay for workers. Evidence found of use of child labour early on. Evidence found helping to assist workers to be shown how to how to do job properly. Evidence found changing to more ecofriendly recycled bags. Evidence found helping environment with ‘Plan A’. Evidence of Social Responsibility for Primark. This shows that Primark takes into account all social issues relating to the customers and stake holders. Evidence 1. This is an opinion of a stake holder (Primark’s owner). Primark's code of Conduct Primark’s code of Conduct: • Employment is freely chosen collective bargaining are respected • Working conditions are safe and hygienic • Child labour shall not be used • Living wages are paid • Working hours are not excessive • No discrimination is practised • Regular employment is provided • No harsh or inhumane treatment is allowed. • Freedom of association and the right to A limitation is that...
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...Marks and Spencer: Plan A Issues There are many companies who are taking different steps as per as the Corporate social responsibility is concern. In this case various steps that the Stuart Rose proposed to company that could be adopt to recognize their customer with their environment friendly existence. These will help to realizing their customers on which basis M&S products are different from the others and what they are doing for them and environment. * Misunderstanding about the direction from the “Plan A” and which pillar from that can be more suitable and sustainable for the M&S in future. * Inconsistency within the sales of M&S during different time periods as it is described in case the business which is working on such large scales have to face various downfalls in their sales i.e. during the 1998 while the company has the recorded sales of 16.2billion but the market share and the profits of company dropped. * Prices that charged by the M&S are not justifiable to providing value to its customers. * Variation among the supply cycle and high costs then competitors. Analysis M&S has various opportunities to get there “plan A” implemented on different directions which involve all those five pillars that described case one by one. Which could be the stage of the climate change in which the company focuses on the reduction of the usages of the carbon dioxide for which the M&S has to do various efforts that are linked with the customers...
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...Maisy Marsh Assignment Three Corporate communications is how a business keeps their message, with everybody. It isn't just how the company speaks to the marketplace, which is known as branding, or how the company deals with the media, which is called public relations. Corporate communications involves, the market, media, communities and the staff itself, through training sessions and messaging that always reinforces the mission and vision of the company. The worker in the department of corporate communication will often report directly to a company’s chief executive and serve as advisers in managing the company’s reputation. They help leaders prepare for media interviews, develop messages to deliver to investors and employees and suggest new initiatives to keep the company on cutting edge with the communication to their stakeholders. MEDIA RELATIONS This may be the function for which corporate communication managers will be best known for. Media relations work includes many things such as writing and distributing new releases and responding to media inquiries. Corporate communications will be in charge of various news conferences, which may include selecting the site for an event, or preparing packets of information to distribute to the media and prepare executives to speak at these news conferences. Media relations also involves arranging for spokespersons to appear on local television and radio programs. Corporate communicators monitor newspapers, television...
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...ASSIGNMENT 4 CASE STUDY MARKS AND SPENCER In this assignment, I will be explaining the strengths and weaknesses of Marks and Spencer and will be discussing to which extent I regard leadership, corporate culture and corporate governance as key factors in accounting for Marks and Spencer’s underperformance over the last twenty years. Section A Identify and explain five strengths and five weaknesses of Marks and Spencer. Marks and Spencer is a British retailer which was founded in 1884 by Michael Marks. It became known as Marks and Spencer after getting into partnership with Thomas Spencer. They started off with a single penny market stall, then gradually expanding them into stores, and are now international retailers with currently 718 locations across 34 countries. Strengths Marks and Spencer has many strengths which help the business grow. 1) Marks and Spencer has a long term relation and works close with suppliers to ensure high standard quality and reliable brands to its clients. They emphasise on promoting quality goods and are committed to customer satisfaction. 2) Profitable company and large market shares in retail sectors. Marks and Spencer has stores all over high streets in London, totalling in 718 locations across 34 countries. A large number of stores result in increased sales, due to the wide range of quality products that Marks and Spencer stock. 3) Marks and Spencer is known for having an excellent relation with employees...
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..."NEVER MIND. I'LL DO IT MYSELF." Near the end of 1978, bleak reports came back to the headquarters of Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing (3M) Corporation in St. Paul from a four-city test market: This Post-itTM notepads idea was a real stinker. This came as no surprise, of course, to many of 3M's most astute observers of new product ideas; this one had smelled funny to them from the beginning. The company had ignored Post-it before it was a notepad, when the product-to-be was just an adhesive that didn't adhere very well. The first related product to reach the market was a sticky bulletin board whose sales were less than exciting. So why was it still around? For five years this odd material kept turning up like a bad penny in the pocket of Spencer Silver, the chemist who had mixed it up in the first place. Even after the adhesive had evolved into a stickum-covered bulletin board, and then into notepad glue, the manufacturing department said they couldn't mass-produce the pads. The 3M marketing crew also said you could only sell these things if you gave them away, because who would pay a dollar for scratch paper? So when the test market reports arrived, it seemed everyone who'd disparaged the Post-it notepad was right after all: 3M was finally going to do the merciful thing and bury the remains. Only one last try by two executives, Geoffrey Nicholson and Joseph Ramey, saved those little yellow self-stick notes from oblivion. Nicholson and Ramey knew 3M's marketing distribution network...
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...IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, ABC COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA CIVIL ACTION-LAW LUKE SPENCER & LAURA SPENCER : 100 Maple Street : Anywhere, PA 19100 : Plaintiff : v. : No. 04-1234 : GENERAL HOSPITAL : 200 City Avenue : Anywhere, PA 19100 : Defendant : PLAINTIFFS' MEMORANDUM OF LAW IN OPPOSITION TO DEFENDANT'S PRELIMINARY OBJECTIONS IN THE NATURE OF A DEMURRER Statement of Facts Laura Spencer was admitted to General Hospital on May 1, 2003. Lucky Spencer was delivered at 11:52 p.m. The following morning a nurse brought the baby into the plaintiff’s room in a rolling crib and then left. After about fifteen minutes of nursing, Laura feeling tired called the nurse to come and take the baby back to the nursery. When the nurse returned she was hurried and appeared tired. She picked up the baby to the transport him back to the nursery, but failed to put the baby into the rolling crib per hospital policy. Instead, she held the baby in one arm and attempted to open and close the door to plaintiff’s room. The nurse lost her grip and dropped the newborn on his head onto the floor. The plaintiff immediately heard...
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...Instructor’s Manual CASE TEACHING NOTES Marks & Spencer Nardine Collier and Gerry Johnson 1. Introduction This case study is about why one of the world’s most famous retails, Marks & Spencer, ran into trouble at the end of the 1990s and how it attempted to manage a programme of change to overcome those problems. It is therefore useful to explore issues concerned with organisational culture, strategic drift, strategic choice and the management of change. The case covers both the history of Marks & Spencer throughout the last century and, in more detail, from 1998 to 2004, the period when it moved from a position of market dominance to one in which it was deemed to be a take-over target. The case charts the attempts by its different chief executives to address the problems during this time and, therefore, the various change initiatives that were mounted. 2. Position of the case The case study relates, in particular, to the problems and means of managing strategic change in Marks & Spencer. So it is particularly related to the coverage of strategic inertia and strategic drift in chapter 1 and programmatic design and change in chapter 10. With this in mind it might be taught at the end of the strategy course. However, it could also be used as a case to require students to analyse the reasons for the problems of Marks & Spencer, not only in terms of organisational culture, but also in terms of the market and competitive position of the firm. In this sense it could be...
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