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Herman Bang

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Denne opgave er en analyse af Herman Bangs roman “Tine” (1889). Jeg vil begynde opgaven med en redegørelse for hvad baggrunden for ”Tine” var også vil jeg i analysen lægge særlig vægt på forholdet mellem hovedpersonerne Tine og hr. Berg, og hvordan deres forhold udvikler sig i forhold til krigen, samt give en vurdering af deres forhold som er det centrale aspekt i opgaven. Jeg kommer dog også ind på romanens tilblivelse, stil og opbygning.
Analyse af Herman Bangs roman ”Tine”:
Baggrunden for ”Tine”
"Min Plan er at skrive en Kærlighedshistorie [...] der har Kanonaden ved Dybbøl til Akkompagnement, og som viser Demoralisationen, som følger efter Nederlaget” Sådan udtalte Herman Bang til sin forlægger, da han ville skrive ”Tine”. Med ’demoralisationen’ mente han, at folk blev så fortvivlede under krigen, at de mistede deres moral og mangel på fornuft. ”Tine”, som Bang skrev i 1889, var ment som en skildring af krigen i 1864 som et symbol på, at det var 25 år siden, den brød ud. Den blev dog yderligere tillagt en personlig synsvinkel, og således var formålet at skildre krigens påvirkning, især den psykologiske, på befolkningen. Romanen var ment som en indirekte kritik af den danske regerings måde at håndtere krigen på, fx i form af at indsætte for få soldater på skanserne. Herman Bang erindrede krigen i 1864, selv om han kun var 7 år på dette tidspunkt, så han kendte kun til de skrevne begivenheder, men alligevel tillod han sig og give sit bud på, hvordan det var under krigen. Oplevelsen efterlod så dybe spor, at han aldrig glemte den, og den blev efterfølgende grundlaget for bogen ”Tine”. I forordet til bogen beskriver han en dag under krigen således: ”- Hvad er der – hvad er der dog Mo’er? Skreg vi. - Det er de Danske, som flygter, sagde Mo’er med sin frysende Stemme, og vi græd højt op, mens de alsiske Piger jamrede som to Hunde, og vi hørte bestandig, bestandig Folk, der løb paa Gaden, og Tropperne, der ilte, og Hornene fjern og Hornene nær – gennem Stormen.” Herman Bang nævner tre billeder i forordet, som stod klarest i hans erindring. I alle tre erindringsbilleder forekommer hans moder som det centrale, og ”Tine” er også dedikeret til hende. Erindringsbillederne er beskrevet kronologisk, samtidig med de gradvist har gjort større og større indtryk på Bang – de forklarer, hvordan hans sorg tog til i styrke fra billede til billede. Forordet udtrykker således, hvordan hans smerte ved tabet af sin moder og smerten ved de danske rømninger under krigen, som han oplevede på nært hold, har givet ham ar på sjælen. Hans opfattelse af disse to sammenbrud, udtrykker han i ”Tine” gennem hovedpersonen Tine.

Stil og opbygning:
Åbningsbilledet i ”Tine” er in medias res. Denne metode benyttes til at kaste læseren direkte ind i romanens handling, samtidig med det gør romanens begyndelse mere spændende. Bogen er en blanding af et kronologisk forløb og Tines flashbacks. Flashbackene er Tines erindringer fra tiden før krigen. Her ses den første undtagelse fra reglen hvad angår impressionisme. Impressionismen er kendt for ikke at gengive personernes tankegang, men det er lige netop Tines tanker, vi bliver præsenteret for her. Der findes også andre steder i bogen, hvor personernes tanker fremstilles, og hvor der forekommer forfatterkommentarer, fx: ”Berg vidste ikke, hvorfor han næsten tvang hende til at spise, hvorfor han vilde, at hun skulde spise ligesom han.” Ofte vil tankerne virke som ledetråde, således at læserens fantasi kan få frit løb, og man derved selv skal regne ud, hvorfor personerne gør, som de gør. Det vil altså sige, at Bang forsøger at gøre situationerne så realistiske som muligt, men tit behøves der altså en enkelt tanke til at lede læseren – bevidst eller ubevidst – på rette spor.
Forholdet mellem Tine og hr. Berg Den unge degnedatter Tine Bølling lever et stille og roligt samt lykkeligt liv i den lille landsby Adserballe på Als i Sønderjylland, indtil krigen i 1864 bryder ud og får fatale følger for hendes liv. Tine er romanens hovedperson, hvilket kommer til udtryk i romanens titel: ”Tine” Da familien Berg flytter ind på skovridergården, bliver Tine tjenestepige på gården, og hun bliver hurtigt integreret i familien. Grunden, til at skovrider Berg bliver på skovridergården og ikke rejser med sin kone og søn til København i sikkerhed for de indtrængende preussere, må skyldes nationalfølelsen – det at blive tilbage og kæmpe for sit sin egn og sit land. Senere bliver hr. Berg indkaldt til felten. I Tines flashbacks hører man om, hvor idyllisk tilværelsen var, da fru Berg og sønnen Herluf var hjemme. Noget af glæden er ligesom forsvundet efter deres afrejse, idet Tine og fru Berg havde et slags ’venindeforhold’. På daværende tidspunkt rørte det tilsyneladende slet ikke Tine at se hr. og fru Berg vise deres kærlighed over for hinanden, fx når de gik arm i arm. Hr. Berg synes godt om Tine, og han lagde da også mærke til små detaljer ved hende, fx hendes stemme og hendes udseende: ”Véd du, Marie, sagde han undertiden til Fru Berg: Tine kan virkelig være ganske køn – om Morgnerne (…)”Disse komplimenter hentyder dog på ingen måde til en forelskelse i Tine men snarere en slags sympati. Tine kommer stadigvæk på skovridergården trods fru Berg og Herlufs afrejse, hvorpå hun kommer tættere ind på livet af hr. Berg, og forelsker sig i ham. Tines forelskelse i hr. Berg begynder langsomt med små generte træk, som ingen anden end hun selv bemærker. Allerede mens fru Berg stadigvæk er hjemme på skovridergården, viser Tine interesse for hr. Berg, idet hun får blussende kinder, når han henvender sig til hende. På dannevirkenatten hvor uvejret raser i al elendighed bedrager Hr. Berg dyrisk og koldt sin kone med Tine ”Og midt mellem Ruinerne af sit Hjem, under sin Hustrus Billede, tilfredsstillede Berg sit pinefulde, sit nagende Begær.” Bang fortæller at vha. deres forhold at krig får folk til at opføre sig umenneskeligt og får dem til at glemme deres sunde fornuft og moralske sans.
Så ung og naiv Tine er, så tror hun at Hr. Berg har udviklet følelser for hende, men det bliver vendt om da hun læser det lidenskabelige og ømme kærlighedsbrev, som skovrideren er i gang med at skrive til sin kone, og da går det for alvor går op for hende: ”Han havde kun taget hende – taget hende for ét Nu.” men hun har stadig håb og hendes eneste håb er, at Hr. Berg blot nævner hendes navn i en ligegyldig sammenhæng inden sin død: ”En Time sad hun. Hun ventede, han skulde nævne hendes Navn – blot i en Forbandelse, der aabenbarede hendes Skændsel.” men hr. Berg taler om sin kone og søn. Tines dybe forelskelse i hr. Berg driver hende til døden og da der er ingen der ved det, er der er ingen der kan nå at standse hendes flugt til døden, da de ikke kender til hendes dybe ulykke.
Vurdering af deres forhold:
Der forekom to sammenbrud i Herman Bangs liv (krigens ødelæggelse og moderens død), ligesom der forekommer to sammenbrud i Tines liv, nemlig selv samme krig i 1864 og bruddet med hr. Berg. Bang ønskede at få læseren til at forstå, hvilken sorg og smerte krigen og moderens død påførte ham. Derfor valgte han ikke kun at placere Tine midt i krigens brændpunkt, han valgte også at lade et forhold til skovrider Berg overrumple hende, hvilket måske havde til formål at tiltrække læsernes medlidenhed. Nok ville læseren forstå hvor hård krigen måtte være at gennemleve, men jeg tror i sandhed, det er lettere have medlidenhed med personen, når også mere personlige og følelsesmæssige anliggender spiller ind. Bang har ladet Tine og hr. Bergs forhold følge krigens gang. Deres forhold bliver mere og mere intenst, jo mere krigen tager til i styrke. Da krigen så tager en drejning mod et klart nederlag og efterfølgende så småt begynder at stilne af, begynder forholdet mellem Tine og hr. Berg at smuldre. Denne skildring af forholdets forløb har en stærk indvirkning, idet man oplever Tines indre ødelæggelse samtidig med ødelæggelsen af Als. Krigen er ansvarlig for Tines skæbne, for hvis ikke krigen var brudt ud, var fru Berg og Herluf ikke blevet sendt væk, og dermed ville der ikke være udviklet et forhold mellem Tine og hr. Berg. Krigen ændrede samfundet, og det var nu drifterne der holdt folket oppe, hvilket afspejler sig i de indkaldtes – især hr. Bergs – opførsel. Jeg vil mene, Herman Bang forsøger at forklare, hvordan seksualdriften altid har været til stede. Selv om personerne i ”Tine” er præget af romantikkens livssyn, ændrer det ikke noget ved deres fysiske behov. Bang mente, at mennesket er styret af sine drifter, og jeg tror, han ville vise, at individet er et driftsvæsen, som ikke kender nogen grænser. Hvad der så afholder mennesket fra at være et fuldstændigt følelseskoldt individ kan findes i Freuds personlighedsmodel, som dog ikke var offentliggjort på dette tidspunkt.
Konklusion:
Krigen tager en drejning mod et klart nederlag og efterfølgende så småt forholdet mellem Tine og hr. Berg at smuldre
- ender med at Tine begår selvmord Krigen tager en drejning mod et klart nederlag og efterfølgende så småt forholdet mellem Tine og hr. Berg at smuldre
- ender med at Tine begår selvmord
Det har vist sig, at Herman Bangs egen baggrund har haft en stor indflydelse på romanen ”Tine” og der igennem på forholdet mellem Tine og hr. Berg. Bang har gennem Tine ladet læseren forstå hvilken smerte hans moders død og krigen i 1864 pådrog ham. Dette kommer til udtryk i de to sammenbrud i Tines liv – det nationale som krigen medførte og det individuelle som hr. Berg var skyld i. Bang har indirekte vist, hvordan seksualdriften altid har eksisteret og ikke pludselig dukkede op i takt med det moderne gennembrud. Dette ses ved hr. Bergs udnyttelse af Tine. Impressionismen har vist sig at være en ideel metode til at fremstille forholdet mellem Tine og hr. Berg på, da Bang for det første ikke mente, det var muligt at redegøre for alle personernes handlinger, og for det andet ikke ønskede det, fordi læserne formentlig ikke fandt hans direkte beskrivelser passende.

Starter i kaos, med afskeden med Marie Berg. * Tine kommer tættere ind på Hr. Berg og hendes forelskelse starter

Starter i kaos, med afskeden med Marie Berg. * Tine kommer tættere ind på Hr. Berg og hendes forelskelse starter

Flashback i kap. 1 er udtryk for kosmos/idyl: I Tines flashbacks hører man om, hvor idyllisk tilværelsen var, da fru Berg og sønnen Herluf var hjemme.
Hvorefter kaos opbygges m.h.t både krigens udvikling og Tine og Bergs forhold
Flashback i kap. 1 er udtryk for kosmos/idyl: I Tines flashbacks hører man om, hvor idyllisk tilværelsen var, da fru Berg og sønnen Herluf var hjemme.
Hvorefter kaos opbygges m.h.t både krigens udvikling og Tine og Bergs forhold

--------------------------------------------
[ 1 ]. www.adl.dk/adl_pub/fportraet/cv/ShowFpItem.xsql?nnoc=adl_pub&ff_id=1&p_fpkat_id=fskab
[ 2 ]. ”Tine” s. 10
[ 4 ]. Tine s 35
[ 5 ]. Tine s 35
[ 6 ]. Tine 39
[ 7 ]. Tine s 28
[ 8 ]. Tine s 151
[ 9 ]. Tine s 182
[ 10 ]. Tine s 188

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