...repeat it.[1] —George Santayana History (from Greek ἱστορία - historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation"[2]) is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians. It is a field of research which uses a narrative to examine and analyse the sequence of events, and it sometimes attempts to investigate objectively the patterns of cause and effect that determine events.[3][4] Historians debate the nature of history and its usefulness. This includes discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing "perspective" on the problems of the present.[3][5][6][7] The stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the legends surrounding King Arthur) are usually classified as cultural heritage rather than the "disinterested investigation" needed by the discipline of history.[8][9] Events of the past prior to written record are considered prehistory. Amongst scholars, the 5th-century BC Greek historian Herodotus is considered to be the "father of history", and, along with his contemporary Thucydides, forms the foundations for the modern study of history. Their influence, along with other historical traditions in other parts of their world, have spawned many different interpretations of the nature of history which has evolved over the...
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...E) is a story written in the memory of Constantine the Great. The tone somewhat seems to be giving high praise to Constantine commenting on the deeds of Constantine. Kevin Reilly states, “The emperor’s historian Eusebius recognized both the importance of the emperor and the role of the empire in the success of Christianity in the winning the Roman Empire”(246). Eusebius who is also called Eusebius of Caesarea and Eusebius Pamphili was a Roman Historian and Christian Polemicist. He later became the Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine. He wrote other things besides the Life of Constantine. He wrote other biographical details including the Life of Constantine, The Library of Nicene and Post Nicene, Father of Church History, Oration and Phase of Constantine. The view point is of the Author, Eusebius who is a Christian and a Bishop. The events in the Life of Constantine seems to have taken place in the Roman Empire. Reilly says, “Part of the answer lies in the location of these Christians. They were more concentrated in urban than rural areas and managed to gain significant advocates among the powerful elite” (246). The purpose of this is educate us about Constantine the Great from the point of view of the author Eusebius. The audience that Eusebius is targeting are Christians, Roman, Non-Christians, students and pagans. The introduction of Life of Constantine speaks about if Christians were persecuted by Roman officials and emperors, then how did Christianity succeed? Being despised...
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...Many people today, both ordinary Filipinos and some historians not acquainted with the Philippines, are surprised when they learn that the ancient Filipinos actually had a writing system of their own. The complete absence of truly pre-Hispanic specimens of the baybayin script is puzzling and it has lead to a common misconception that fanatical Spanish priests must have burned or otherwise destroyed massive amounts of native documents as they did so Social expediency was another reason for Filipinos to abandon the baybayin in favour of the alphabet. They found the alphabet easy to learn and it was a skill that helped them to get ahead in life under the Spanish regime, working in relatively prestigious jobs as clerks, scribes and secretaries. With his usual touch of exaggeration, Fr. Pedro Chirino made an observation in 1604 that shows how easily Filipinos took to the new alphabet. But if reasons of practicality were behind the demise of the baybayin, why did it not survive as more than a curiosity? Why was it not retained for at least ceremonial purposes such as inscriptions on buildings and monuments, or practiced as a traditional art like calligraphy in other Asian countries? The sad fact is that most forms of indigenous art in the Philippines were abandoned wherever the Spanish influence was strong and only exist today in the regions that were out of reach of the Spanish empire. Hector Santos, a researcher living in California, suggested that obligations...
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...Causes of the American Revolution? Archive #1: Political cartoon on the stamp act Summarize: After the victory of the French and Indian War (1754-1763) the British took control over much of North America. The war ended up costing the British a lot of money they didn’t have. Parliament came up with multiple acts that would tax the colonist on some of their everyday needs to help raise money. The British government came up with the stamp act of 1765 which imposed a tax on all paper documents in the colonies. This made colonist furious. They began rebelling saying the tax was unconstitutional. The colonist brought down the act and this picture represents the “funeral of the stamp act” according to the aftermath of the rebellion. 1. If you were in parliament at the time would you have been for or against the act and why? (I would have been for it because they needed money for the damage to help their country and there people. The parliament gained more land for their people and the people don’t even want to give them 1 cent.) Who crafted it and why? This political cartoon was one of two created by Benjamin Wilson. Prime Minister Marques of Rockingham was the one who advised Benjamin to drawl the cartoon in hopes of convincing parliament to repeal the act. Who or what was the intended audience? This cartoon was projected towards the colonist and their success in getting rid of the act. The illustration shows parliament why they should repeal the act. What does the document...
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...Prophet A master strategist and an activist for Civil Rights, Bayard Rustin is mostly remembered for the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which has been one of the most famous of the non-violent marches in United States history. He had used Gandhi’s tactics of non-violence by introducing it to the American civil rights movement, while at the same time, bringing Martin Luther King, Jr. to the forefront as the focal point for nonviolence and peace. Despite the achievements that Rustin had accomplished during his career as an activist, he was beaten, silenced, imprisoned, and fired from different organizations mainly because of the fact that he was a gay man living at a time that homosexuality was not only frowned upon, but also it was outlawed. In this paper, I will explain all the contributions that Bayard Rustin had made to the Civil Rights movement during the mid to late 20th century and why he is not given credit for the other activities that he was responsible for. Writers and historians such as Lawrence Freedman have stated that Bayard Rustin was content with his status as an “intellectual engineer behind the scenes” 1. In their view, Rustin was a powerful man with such a powerful political philosophy that the leadership at the time had begun to constrict him. Other historians have argued that the main reason why Rustin was written out of the history books is because he stayed true to a social agenda that had benefited all groups who were oppressed at the time that...
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...Jesus vs. Mohammad “Compare and Contrast” Introduction The information contained in this document is to depict two highly religious idols, and how they influence many during their ages. Jesus was the center and founder of Christianity, while Mohammed was a great prophet of Islam. Christianity and Islam are the largest religions in the world. They account for over 2 billion of the world’s population. Christianity and Islam also share many things in common, but they differ in other aspects. Although, Jesus and Mohammed lived righteously by the principles that were created by them, they affected humanity like an echo in the past and present. This research is to compare and contrast the key elements of Jesus and Mohammed historically, respectively, and how their legacy is still being carried out in the world today (Wikipedia, 2008). (1) Trace the lives of Jesus and Mohammed historically The Life of Jesus Christ (**6** BC - **29-33** AD) Historians do not exactly know the birth date of Jesus Christ. It has been said his birth took place on or around December 25th 6 BC in the city of Jerusalem. This day is traditionally celebrated by Christians as the birthday of Jesus. Jesus was born unto a father Joseph, and a mother “The Virgin Mary. Other than shortly after his birth, little is known of the life of Jesus other than what is recorded in the “Four Gospels”. These events were written some fifty to eighty years after the death of Jesus. These Gospels are derived of an...
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...This paper will contain a review of the article “Old-Earth Geology and its Ramifications for Life in the 21st Century by Dr. Terry Mortenson, 2003”. Brief Overview and Main Points The theme of the article covered the long debated topics of the earth and universe being billions of years old, which was an idea with its origin and roots beginning in the 19th century, and was understandably named “The Genesis- Geology Debate”. Today, it is a very important topic, to science students, Christianity’s history along with science; and is also highly relevant to the current growing debate over evolution and or creation. The dominant view of the earth’s age in the 1800’s was mostly the creation theory that God created the earth in six 24 hr. days. However, by the end of the 1800’s, theories sought to prove earth’s existence only through natural and evolutionary means. This change in theory was mainly due to 3 French scientists, whose work revolved around natural laws in matter, time, chance and nature itself, leaving God out of the picture. Therefore, during the 19th Century there were 3 dominant earth views: 1) Catastrophists- who believed that creation was “untold-ages” old and that through catastrophic floods many life forms were died off, and God recreated new species. 2) Uniformitarians who ignored origins of life, and believed all geological processes...
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...The Arms Race Arsenal A-Bomb (US 1945, USSR 1949) H-Bomb (US 1952, USSR 1953) ICBM (US 1957, USSR 1958) 1957 : USSR launch first satellite “Sputnik”into space. “Missile Gap” paranoia in USA ABM (Anti-Ballistic Missiles intercept & destroy nukes in theory)(USSR 1968, USA 1972) MIRV (USA 1970, USSR 1975) -Stockpiling of nuclear weapons seen as necessary by both parties -Technological advances made both USA & USSR feel vulnerable -Secrecy, need to catch up or to be one step ahead = fuelled arms race -This (building increasingly powerful & sophisticated weapons) continued until 1980s Key Ideas : Nuclear weapons have crucial impact on US foreign policy during Cold War : -gave rise to arms race (essential feature of CW, maintains CW hostility) -revolutionized military strategy -imposed great economic strain (hence end of CW? Debatable) Brodie (1946) “The Absolute Weapon” Main idea : before nukes the purpose of military = win wars after nukes the purpose of military = avoid wars Military victory in total war impossible for either side US Presidents develop different strategies on what to do with their nuclear arsenal Eisenhower & “Massive Retaliation” = the US will use every weapon if attacked, despite the consequences = the threat of an all-out nuclear war used to make sure it wouldn’t happen ? Kennedy & “Flexible Response” =exploring wider options beyond military forces Sec of State McNamara’s belief in possibility of limited, controlled and rational (...
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...protesting against the discrimination and inequality in entertainment industries. This includes the discrimination in vote, ownership, basic human rights and social rights which led to the stride of the minorities to protest for the equal rights living in a country. For example in America, the black Americans were hunted and lynched by the white Americans and it was celebrated as a sport. So in mid of 20th century, although the black Americans got their freedom, they still faced the color racism by the majority of America. Stereotyping against minorities through entertainment started at the start of the entertainment industry in the world. Unfortunately, stereotyping against the minorities through media was also recorded by the film’s historians. Considering the example of Joseph Goebbels, who was the propaganda general during World War 2 and he was considered to be the founder of the discrimination portrayed in his directed films. During Nazi Regime, there were many stereotyping against the Jews and this discrimination was proudly displayed by the Goebbels propaganda they specifically targeted the Jewish controlled organization and they were negatively portrayed in the entire film. However these stereotyping ended by the end of National Socialist Party but sadly the practice of stereotyping the minorities through film remained in the entertainment industry. During early 40’s, the stereotyping against minorities through media had become a common practice in several countries,...
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...ACCOUNTING THEORY (FAR 600) Teaching and Learning Arrangements (SEMESTER: SEPT 2013 – JAN. 2014) COURSE CODE : FAR 600 PROGRAM : BACHELOR OF ACCOUNTING (HONS) CREDIT HOURS : 3 CONTACT HOURS : 3 STATUS : CORE TEACHING LECTURER : Prof Dr Rohana Othman OFFICE & PHONE NO. : Room 419 (Off. Tel: 03-55444987) E-MAIL : rohana799@gmail.com SYNOPSIS This course is designed to further enhance the students’ understanding of the concepts and issues in accounting theory and practices. The course involves the study of the practical and theoretical issues involved in the development, implementation and changes in conceptual framework and regulatory framework. COURSE OUTCOME At the end of the course, students should be able to: 1. Discuss the various theories and paradigms in accounting. 2. Demonstrate an understanding on the concept of Islamic Accounting, the need for it and its differences to conventional accounting. 3. Evaluate the evolution of the conceptual framework and standard setting process, nationally and internationally. 4. Evaluate the relationship between accounting theories and framework to the practice in the real world. 5. Analyze the recognition, measurement and other current issues in financial reporting. COURSE OUTLINE |Week |Topic |Contact Hours |Learning...
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...Perceptions of Third Year Fine Arts Students In Far Eastern University on the Use Of Nude Models in Art In Partial Fulfillment of The Subject Requirements In English 8 (Technical Writing) Submitted to: Mr. Rogelio Ramos Guce English Department Institute of Arts and Sciences by Alimorong, Aislin Nika Alterado, Charles Caga-anan, Mark Nathaniel Elpedes, Jhune-Marx Nuñez, Domnilourd Pangilinan, Shem Salvador, Mikaela Valdez, Judah Yatco, Ma. Barbara FT0933 First Semester S.Y. 2011 - 2012 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction In the early days, great masters like da Vinci, Michaelangelo and Botticelli had been using nude models as references in their artworks for religious purposes. Up until now, this idea is still being implemented by artists but it is now more about aesthetics. Nude art generally refers to the artists’ depiction of artistic elements of nudity instead of actually showing the naked form of humans. Different cultures react differently on the use of nude models in art. It is through the aesthetic view of nude art that most countries accept this kind of art (Changing Depictions of Art Nudes, 2011). Art schools including Far Eastern University also accept the use of nude models in art such as paintings, sculpture, photography, and the like. In the curriculum of the Fine Arts Department, there are subjects like Anatomy, Life Drawing and Life Painting wherein nude models are used as references in...
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...Information Science and Technology, Vol. 45, 2011 Thomas Haigh thaigh@computer.org University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Thomas Haigh The History of Information Technology – ARIST Draft 2 In many scholarly fields the new entrant must work carefully to discover a gap in the existing literature. When writing a doctoral dissertation on the novels of Nabokov or the plays of Sophocles, clearing intellectual space for new construction can be as difficult as finding space to erect a new building in central London. A search ensues for an untapped archive, an unrecognized nuance, or a theoretical framework able to demolish a sufficiently large body of existing work. The history of information technology is not such a field. From the viewpoint of historians it is more like Chicago in the mid-nineteenth century (Cronon, 1991). Building space is plentiful. Natural resources are plentiful. Capital, infrastructure, and manpower are not. Boosters argue for its “natural advantages” and promise that one day a mighty settlement will rise there. Speculative development is proceeding rapidly and unevenly. But right now the settlers seem a little eccentric and the humble structures they have erected lack the scale and elegance of those in better developed regions. Development is uneven and streets fail to connect. The native inhabitants have their ideas about how things should be done, which sometimes causes friction with new arrivals. In a generation everything will be quite unrecognizable, but how...
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...The Black Panthers vs. The Black Panthers The sixties was a time in American society where the youth from the post-war baby boom era became teenagers and the young adults. The movement from the conservative fifties continued and eventually resulted in the revolutionary ways of thinking and change in the cultural of the American way of life. With an extreme admiration of no longer being an image of their predeceasing generation, young Americans wanted and demanded change. These changes affected education, values, laws, entertainment, and the way of life for several citizens around the country. As society, it is extremely important to understand that although the valiant efforts and impact that African American’s had, particularly in the 1950’s and 1960’s, in helping restructure American culture, many of the racist views of the past still play apart in American society. The 1950’s is often described as the calm before the storm of the 1960’s. During this time period, society was very much conformed to the views of conservative living. The desire for security during this era, reinforced by McCarthyism at home and the Korean War, created was known as the cold war culture. During the post WWII period in America, the face of the nation changed greatly under President Truman and Eisenhower. Because of extreme paranoia caused by Communism following WWII, conformity in the United States became an ideal way to distinguish American culture from the rest of the world. Conformity...
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...Tomb Raider and Uncharted William Britton-Olson Com/170 August 20, 2012 Karen Mitchell Comparing and Contrasting Tomb Raider and Uncharted Tomb Raider and Uncharted are two video games that are identical yet vastly different in terms of developer’s concepts, story lines, and characters. Tomb Raider was originally designed 11 years before Uncharted, and while Tomb Raider is its own creation the developers gained their inspiration from both the Atari game Pit-Fall and the Indiana Jones movies. Tomb Raider introduced the world to a whole new idea of treasure hunting and Archeology being so closely related that they are almost one and the same, just on different sides of the law most of the time. Uncharted, while it is its own concept, did follow in the footsteps of Tomb Raider regarding the type of game, but the stories are vastly different. Some of the more commonly known similarities between Tomb Raider and Uncharted are in terms of the design and development. Both games were originally designed for the Sony PlayStation as an exclusive PlayStation only game, but with the growing popularity and the opportunity for cross plat forming, both developers Eidos and Naughty Dog have expanded the fan-base by making these games available on the PC as well as the PlayStation. Other similarities are that these two games are in a classification of Action-Adventure/Puzzle Game both games have a wide range of hidden treasures that have to be found in order to progress through the game...
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...Liberty University THE BIBLE AMONG THE MYTHS A Book Summary Submitted to Dr. Daniel Warner in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Course OBST 510 Liberty University Baptist Theological Seminary by Sunday September 20th, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter1--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Chapter 2 3 Chapter 3 4 Chapter 4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Chapter 5 7 Chapter 6 8 Chapter 7 10 Chapter 8 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 Chapter 9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 Chapter 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 The Bible Among the Myths: Unique Revelation or Just Ancient Literature?. By John N. Oswalt. Grande Rapides, MI: Zondervan, 2009. Introduction Oswalt begins by discussing the origins of this book. How that at the close of the Second World War people had begun to re-evaluate some of their long held beliefs. As Oswalt would have said their paradigms began to shift. As this shift began people such as Albright and his students say a major difference between Jewish religion and the other religions of the ANE. As time passed this pendulum began to swing...
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