...if there were busy details, the naked eye couldn’t see the piece and understand it from all the way in the back; three simple divisions Simplified the color palette to the three primary colors Features Mary in the middle, the focal point Assumption of the Virgin: Mary is mortal; she cannot carry herself, after her funeral Assention of Jesus: Jesus is divine, can carry himself up to heaven Very vertical God is nicely foreshortened X composition here, in all of his works Mary looks very young, way younger than at her death, and looks healthy, how they wanted to remember her; he idealized Mary At the same time this is being painted, Raphael is painting Pope Leo X People are attacking the very emphasis on paintings like this History Lesson: Protestant Reformation Pope Leo X had to deal with it Before this, the whole church if all Catholic, always has been then there are splits (Protestants) The protestors don’t want to leave the church, just want to reform the parts of the church that they don’t like, why it’s called the Reformation Martin Luther: 95 Thesis, sale of indulgences, buy your way into heaven; and simony, could pay for clergy positions; the clergy was very wealthy; he felt faith was personal; trouble: we don’t...
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...Comparison of Two Historical Art Periods: The Renaissance, Mannerism, and the dichotomy of Michelangelo Casey Ian Hill Western Governor’s University RIWT1 Task 1 The Renaissance The period commonly referred to as the Renaissance lasted from the late thirteenth to the early seventeenth century. Renaissance, or rebirth, was a time of great change. The people of all regions were just coming out of the Dark Ages, where religion and oppression were the treatments of the day. The Renaissance brought about great reduction in religious faith. This was largely in part to a more feverous education system. More commoners received higher learning than in previous periods. The Renaissance was a cultural, scientific, and political movement, or change. Politically there were great reforms in diplomacy and forms of rule. Scientifically, with Leonardo da Vinci being at the forefront of scientific innovation, some of the greatest leaps of knowledge occurred during this time. Most of the discoveries are the foundations of technology we take for granted in the present day. However, the greatest gifts of the Renaissance were the artistic and cultural innovations of this period. All you need to mention are the three most recognized artistic names in history: Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. Of the Renaissance, we shall focus solely on the greatest of the period which is known as the High Renaissance. The High Renaissance is commonly accepted as the period from 1498, when Leonardo...
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...Miguel Graham May 1, 2015 Renaissance to Modern Art Dr. Dwight Smith What I’ve Learned in Renaissance to Modern Art I’ve learned so much information in the class titled “Renaissance to Modern Art” and I want to start off with my new found knowledge of Art History. According to Wikipedia, the history of art is “the history of any activity or product made by humans in a visual form for aesthetical or communicative purposes, expressing ideas, emotions or, in general, a worldview.” This field of "art history" was developed in the Western world, and originally was focused solely on European art history. Gradually, over the course of the 20th century, a wider vision of art history has developed. Thus, art history is now viewed to encompass all visual art, from the sculptures in Western Europe to the paintings in China. Also according to this source, the history of art is often told as a chronology of masterpieces created in each civilization. It is said that the Wonders of the World are the epitome of high culture through the stories that are conveyed. Art history spans the entire history of humankind, from prehistoric times to the twenty-first century. No matter what you choose to observe, you can find visual arts that challenge someone’s creative side and inspire them to find beauty in the things manmade. In modern times, art history has emerged as a discipline that specializes in teaching people how to evaluate and interpret works of art based on their...
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...The Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was a 20th century movement of diverse art forms occurring in New York City. During the time this change was referred to as "New Negro Movement” (Johnston). The movement was responsible for giving new opportunities to African American artists. Additionally, the Harlem Renaissance empowered everyday black Americans that were discriminated against. During this time, there were several notable figures that helped lead and expand the movement. As a result, the Harlem Renaissance has made an enormous cultural impact in the United States. The initial emergence of the Harlem Renaissance can be traced back to 1865. During this time, African Americans were experiencing their first chance of freedom. After...
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...Lisk AP U.S. History 22 May 2024 The Harlem Renaissance: A Flourishing of African American Culture The Harlem Renaissance was a pivotal period in American history that spanned the 1920s, marked by an extraordinary outpouring of African American art, literature, music, and thought. This cultural movement not only redefined African American identity but also had a profound impact on the broader American cultural landscape. The movement was characterized by a newfound sense of racial pride and a desire for social and economic equality. This book explores the contributions of key figures in the Harlem Renaissance, the impact of their work, and the lasting legacy of this significant cultural awakening. ORIGINS OF THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE The Great Migration, which saw millions of African Americans move from the rural South to urban centers in the North, set the stage for the Harlem Renaissance. Harlem, a neighborhood in New York City, became the epicenter of this cultural explosion. The migration brought a concentration of talented individuals who sought to escape the oppressive conditions of the South and to find new opportunities in the North. The vibrancy and diversity of Harlem provided the perfect environment for a cultural renaissance....
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...Jon Williams History 102 Historical Paper 3-2-09 Effectiveness of the Harlem Renaissance There has been plenty of talk about our nation’s history and how America became what it is today, and the Harlem Renaissance has been one of the most understated eras of our country’s history. The Harlem Renaissance not only boosted the quality of life for African Americans, but it also sparked tremendous progress with how all of America viewed the once hidden talents of African Americans during that time period. Also, it influenced a whole new generation of African American arts and literature in the United States. The Harlem Renaissance was an African cultural movement that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. Some historians say that it is unclear as to when it actually started, but Dr. Cary Wintz, chair of the department of history at Texas Southern University, claims that the Harlem Renaissance began in 1919 and lasted until the mid-1930’s. (Wintz) It began when many socially conscious and intellectual African Americans moved from the economically depressed south to the industrial cities of the north to take advantage of the employment opportunities that had risen because of World War I. As more and more socially conscious and educated blacks moved to Harlem, it started to become the cultural center for black people in America. The Harlem Renaissance had a huge impact on African American literature. Most blacks during that time period had a sense of wanting...
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...Pondering the Art of the Baroque and Renaissance Period The Baroque and Renaissance periods. Two periods of time that stand out in history. Almost 500 years ago, these eras, of which legends of the arts arose, still captivate the specters of today. Renaissance Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo Davinci are all familiar names cemented in history as some of the greatest artists and inventors of all time..., but what do they have in common? They were all artists in the Renaissance period. Renaissance art is painting, sculpture and decorative arts developed in the period following medieval times, around 1400. While art was beginning to change in the renaissance period, philosophy, literature, music and science were also facing reform....
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...The Renaissance: Artists and Concepts The Italian Renaissance occurred from 1330 to 1550 on the heels of the Middle Ages in Italy and is described as one of the most influential times in art history. It brought about new ideas about art, science, and government. Feudalism which had been fiercely popular during the Middle Ages was beginning to trickle out of popularity while concepts such as humanism and Neo-Platonism started taking hold. The Renaissance is divided into the Early Renaissance which lasted from 1330 to 1450 and the High Renaissance which continued from 1450 to 1550. Many legendary artists such as Leonardo Da Vinci and Botticelli acquired their claim to fame during this time period. The Early Renaissance which began in 1330 introduced the concepts of Neo-Platonism and humanism. Neo-Platonism sought to reconcile humanism with Christianity, to blend the teachings of Plato and other ancient philosophers with the teachings of the Church. Humanism strove to portray lifelike human forms with correct proportions and realistic clothing and expressions. Artists developed new techniques to give paintings a more three-dimensional, life-like quality, and commonly studied human and animal anatomy in efforts to better understand their subjects. Sandro Botticelli is probably the best known and most influential painter from the Early Renaissance, although his works remained relatively unknown until several centuries later. The concept of Neo-Platonism and humanism can both...
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...The Harlem Renaissance also known as the "New Negro Movement," was a cultural movement that spanned in the 1920's to the mid 1930's. It was a time in history that displayed the unique culture of African American expression, through literature, art, music, and dance. This African American culture grew out of Harlem, New York and symbolized freedom from the oppression of slavery. It was described as the spiritual coming of age in which African Americans had a chance to express their creativity. The Harlem Renaissance is noted as being a literary movement were African Americans could celebrate their heritage and reveal the truth about their life and the first time their literature was taken seriously by critics and publishers. The birth of the Harlem Renaissance came out of Harlem, New York in the early 1920's, "it was a time for a cultural celebration. African Americans had endured centuries of slavery and the struggle for abolition." (U.S History, 2008) It is described as racial pride and an intense desire for equality. It represented a time by the end of the war in 1919 where African Americans was going to be much more aggressive than their prewar brothers. Harlem was considered the capital of the black world, because it attracted thousands of blacks from the South and the West indies. It provided economic and education for African American artist. In Harlem, people demanded respect from those who continued to keep racist ideas that resulted in the Harlem Renaissance; consisting...
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...Lovepreet Kaur Mr. Crowe AP European History The Renaissance-1 Textbook: pg. 338 to mid 343 16 January 2014 1. Why did the Renaissance first begin in Italy? The Renaissance first began in Italy because Italy had better resources. Anyone was able to go to Italy in search for a fresh start while bringing new ideas people never questioned. 2. Why was Florence at the heart of the Italian Renaissance? Florence was at the heart of the Italian Renaissance because it was started from Florence, and it was one of the wealthiest cities with significant power. The Medici family helped Florence become a cultural center for meetings or discussions about art. 3. What role did the Medici family play in the Renaissance Florence? The Medici family showed special interests for arts and literature, so they financed numerous art creations and get-togethers for the benefit of Florence. 4. Regarding humanism: -What are the characteristics of humanism? How is it different from medieval scholasticism? from nominalism? The characteristics of humanism include learning, anatomy, realism, reason, nature, youth, individualism, and perspective. Scholasticism was more orientated towards philosophers or theologians and it failed to offer moral guidance, however, humanism was about direct sources such as the bible or Latin/Greek classics. Nominalism is considered to believe that abstract or general terms are real, while humanism prefers human views. -Why is Petrarch considered...
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...Renaissance: Linear Perspective Maurice Young ART/101 July 21, 2013 Sara Shreve Renaissance: Linear Perspective One of the major roles of the artist is to enable the viewer to see the world in a new and innovative way. This task was a major challenge for the Renaissance artist before the 14th century on account of the artist not having the eyes to see or the skills to introduce the world to linear perspective. Smarthistory (2013) states that linear perspective “creates an illusion of space from a single, fixed viewpoint. This suggests a renewed focus on the individual viewer, and we know that individualism is an important part of the Humanism of the Renaissance” (para. 3). Although beautiful and true to the style of the time, before the Early Renaissance period artist did not paint in three dimensional however, some artist did try to create illusions of space and depth to show the world realistically during the late 1300s unsuccessfully (Op-Art.co.uk, 2012). A list of Renaissance artists took full command of creating three-dimensional illusions on canvases and in their victory we see the world in a new and innovative way. [pic] Fig. 1 1486 Birth of Venus Botticelli Galleria degli Uffizi Sandro Botticelli (1445- 1510) was an Italian painter who studied under the direction Filippo Lippi who was a master painter during the Florentine Renaissance. Lippi taught Botticelli linear perspective along with a linear sense of form for...
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...Leslie C. Lee HIEU 205 June 23, 2014 Italian and Northern Humanism During the age known as the Renaissance, humanism was a thriving force within Europe. Humanism had a profound impact on how man viewed the role of education and intellectualism within society. Renaissance humanism has been defined as simply a curriculum based upon the study of Greco-Roman classics that affected the culture and man’s point of view. Renaissance humanism was ultimately divided into two branches which came to be known as Civic humanism and Christian humanism which defined differences between Italian humanists and Northern humanists. Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472) and Desiderius Erasmus (1469-1536) and their ideals exemplify what separated the two. The contrast between Italian humanism and Northern humanism can be simply stated as one led man away from God, the other drew man closer to God. Education was crucial a factor in the ideals of both Italian and Northern humanists. Classical scholarship was the heart of Italian humanism while Christian scholarship was the chosen education of Northern humanists. The classical Latin language of Cicero was an important part of both scholarship curriculums and both Alberti and Erasmus were fluent in Latin. The differences between scholarships were the exclusion or inclusion of Christian classics. Italian humanists unlike Northern humanists held the idea that the classic Latin language should be the chosen language of the elite. It was a common practice...
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...IWT Task 1 (0813) This paper will analyze, critique, and help us to understand the music of the Harlem Renaissance and the Pop Art periods. The social conditions that influenced the art and the characteristics of the artists’ style were in many ways similar; however, with advancing technology, they had differing struggles to overcome. The Harlem Renaissance was sparked by the Great Migration from 1919 – 1926 in which African Americans began moving to northern cities to find employment and a better way of life. The musicians of this era were very influential in renewing the culture and history of the United States. Jazz, race, and class divided Harlem and New York cities. Some historians have said the best way to understand the Harlem Renaissance is by understanding the music (http://historyoftheharlemrenaissance.weebly.com/index.html; www.1920s-fashion-and-music.com/Harlem-Renaissance-1920s.html). With the roots of jazz coming from slave songs, it is truly an African-American invention. This newly formed music utilized the dissonant “blue” note. This modification to the to the standard major scale allowed the musician to play the note flat; usually the third, fifth, or seventh note of the scale. Music critic Sidney Finkelstein stated, “It expresses the hope and struggle for freedom, the vitality which enables a people to wrest joy out of misery and to assert the triumph of human beings over the obstacles that would grind them down.” ("MindEdge," 2014) Jazz was the sound...
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...were flat and one-dimensional. Artists of the era made little to no attempt at realism. There was a fair amount of artistic evolution towards the end of the era. Paintings became brighter in color and tended towards more realistic imagery. Perception began to develop, causing images to look less flat. Paintings began to use different lighting and incorporate shadows. Art in the Medieval era evolved into more realistic imagery. ("Middle Ages Art." Middle Ages Art. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2013.) The evolution in art of the later middle ages culminated with the Renaissance era (the 14th to 16th centuries). It refers to a cultural rebirth. The influence of the church began to wane, allowing for the political states to regain power. The move towards secularism bled into the art of this era. Art was patronized less by the church and more by wealthy, independent investors who were usually royalty of some sort. Renaissance artists began to study perspective. They used figures with more...
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...The Renaissance & Baroque Arts The Renaissance, also known as the period of “rebirth”, directly followed the Middle Ages. Some considered the Renaissance period as a bridge from the “Dark Ages” to the modern era or the “light”. This period in history lasted about four centuries—late 13th century to the early 17th century— featuring “a revival of classical art, literature, philosophy, architecture, and learning” and introduced some of “the finest artists and intellectual achievements in the history of the Western humanities” such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo Buonarroti (MindEdge, 2013). Renaissance art is traced back to Italy where artists and scholars looked to the ancient Greco-Roman culture for inspiration by reviving the language, values, and traditions that were lost after “the fall of the Roman Empire in the sixth century” (A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2013). Furthermore, Renaissance artists added individuality to their works through portraying “beauty and mystery of the natural world” (A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2013). Most of the art produced during this time showcased religious imagery, completed mostly as Catholic Mass altarpieces. Artists around these times were sponsored by patrons of the arts such as The Catholic Church and affluent families such as the Medici family in Florence. Political permanence, growing wealth, and technological advancements are some of the social conditions that may have contributed to the arts of the Renaissance era...
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