...Italian Renaissance v. Northern Renaissance Christopher Garrett University of Phoenix Renaissance comes from the Latin renasci, which means to be born, or rebirth or revival (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2014). The Renaissance was an era that influenced countries for over 200 years, and transformed culture and religion. Starting toward the end of the 13th century, the renaissance was an integral part of developing countries in both north Europe and Italy. These renaissance periods are the Italian and the Northern renaissance. Even though both renaissances had similarities and made an impact within European countries, they both had differences as well that made them each unique. The Italian Renaissance began at the end of the 13th century and lasted until the beginning of the 1600’s. This period could be considered the transition period between the Middle ages and medieval period to modern Europe. During the Italian Renaissance, humanists labeled the “rebirth” as the Dark Ages. The Italian Renaissance focused more on the common man and everyday realities of life, which heavily influenced the culture and art (Beougher, 2010). The Northern Renaissance was influenced by Italian Renaissance; however, the northern movement carried different characteristics and strengths and affected European countries outside of Italy. During the Northern Renaissance, the north held onto the Gothic art and architecture. The north also had fewer centers of free commerce, unlike in Italy...
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...Renaissance Comparison Essay Candyce Kettler Hum/205 Jill Hunt August 29, 2010 We top Italian society's rebirth from the medieval period with the changes that occurred during the Italian Renaissance. Civilization was changing and what we consider the modern world was about to begin. The renaissance doings that happened in Europe outside of Italy is called the Northern European Renaissance. Italy's humanist ideas and values moved out of Italy and throughout Europe, which spurred on the Northern European Renaissance. The Renaissance period began in the early 14th Century and lasted until the late 16th Century. “Renaissance” comes from the French word that means “rebirth.” This time period is named and studied because of its unique art, literature, and music. It is also known as society's modern age. Early in the 14th Century, Italian scholars started to study the ancient cultures that preceded them, like those of Greece and the Roman Empire. This scholarly interest would lead to the Italian Renaissance. Italy and Europe was ready for change after the harrowing destruction of the Black Plague in the Middle Ages. Florence, Italy, was the home of the start of the Renaissance. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, culture, politics, and the arts had only been in decline. Petrarch advocated learning about Italy's Latin and Roman history. The Pope and the royalty liked this idea, so other scholars begun to study in the same vein. These scholars valued the accomplishments...
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...the Renaissance marked complete cultural transition of Europe out of the Middle Ages and identified a societal change of values and ideas reflected in the art and literature of the time period; the “rebirth” in Southern Europe, however, differed from Northern Europe. As both the North and South had access to newly printed materials courtesy the printing press, they did share commonality of thought- both supplied predominant Christian artistic themes, had an artistic ‘center’, and provided systems of guilds and patrons. The Southern, or Italian, Renaissance began during the 14th century and “inevitably, trade and commerce brought Italian ideas northward, where they influenced the artistic traditions” beginning the 16th century Northern Renaissance (Benton and DiYanni 53). The South focused on a return to the concept of humanism and revival of idealist, classic Greek and Roman values, but the North focused on the common man and daily realities of life. Centered around Florence then later Rome, aided by the patronage of the Medici family in the Early Renaissance and Popes in the High Renaissance, and inspired by Greek and Roman mythology, the Southern Renaissance movement emphasized humans (their capacities, values and worth). Italian artists made the viewer delve into the inner working of the human mind and their subject matter primarily consisted of gods and goddesses displayed with symmetry, balance, and linear perspective. Known for his goddess depiction, elegant use of flowing...
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...What Were the Characteristics of the Renaissance? In very simple terms, the Italian Renaissance re-established Western art according to the principles of classical Greek art, especially Greek sculpture and painting, which provided much of the basis for the Grand Tour, and which remained unchallenged until Pablo Picasso and Cubism. From the early 14th century, in their search for a new set of artistic values and a response to the courtly International Gothic style, Italian artists and thinkers became inspired by the ideas and forms of ancient Greece and Rome. This was perfectly in tune with their desire to create a universal, even noble, form of art which could express the new and more confident mood of the times. Renaissance Philosophy of Humanism Above all, Renaissance art was driven by the new notion of "Humanism," a philosophy which had been the foundation for many of the achievements (eg. democracy) of pagan ancient Greece. Humanism downplayed religious and secular dogma and instead attached the greatest importance to the dignity and worth of the individual. Effect of Humanism on Art In the visual arts, humanism stood for (1) the emergence of the individual figure, in place of stereotyped, or symbolic figures. (2) Greater realism and consequent attention to detail, as reflected in the development of linear perspective and the increasing realism of human faces and bodies; this new approach helps to explain why classical sculpture was so revered, and why Byzantine art...
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...The Italian Renaissance marked the beginning of a rebirth in culture and ideas. Art was focused around interest in nature, humanism, individualism, and sometimes religion. Even though these new ideas were already present in the late medieval period, they boomed during the Italian Renaissance. During this era, artists determined how to arrange figures realistically in 3D landscapes. Sculptures were often detailed and beautiful figures that were incredibly realistic. Overall, Italian Renaissance art was beautiful, bright, and something nobody had ever seen before. Raphael is one of the most famous painters in all of history. The School of Athens is known as the most famous work by Raphael. In this fresco, Raphael creates a assembly...
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...Contrasting the Northern and Italian Renaissances The Renaissance was one of the world’s most important movements, specifically for culture throughout all European countries. The term renaissance means “rebirth,” which is very significant since this movement was the revival and turning point of change for all art forms specifically art, literature, music, religion along with many other aspects as well. Starting in Italy, the Italian Renaissance was the earliest manifestation of the general European Renaissance. From the Italian Renaissance sprouted the Northern Renaissance, which was the movement that occurred in all European countries after the Italian Renaissance. While both movements hold many similarities, they also have a variety of differences as well. First, the obvious difference between these two movements is the geography of the Northern and Italian Renaissance. The Northern Renaissance relates to all of the happenings in the countries of Northern Europe surrounding Italy. Even though these were two separate movements with many differences, they both held significant similarities due to the close proximity of the countries where the Renaissances took place. Both the Italian and Northern Renaissance followed the era of the Middle Ages. The Italian Renaissance began in the cities of Florence and Siena, and later spread to Venice. The Northern Renaissance is also recognized as the “late gothic” which still held on to Middle Ages art, whereas the Italian Renaissance was...
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...the continuity of the Renaissance and the Middle ages. His critics especially stress the still strongly Christian character of Renaissance humanism. 2) The term of Renaissance in fifteenth and sixteenth- century Italy meant “re-birth” or “revival”. In the 14th century many Italian scholars believed that the arts had been declining in quality for 1,000 years. They admired the art and writing of the Classical Age (400 B.C.-A.D. 400), the time of the Greek and Roman empires. To revive the glory and grandeur of the ancient past, these scholars eagerly studied classical literature, architecture, and sculpture. 3) Renaissance humanism is simply the focusing on the individual and learning. Before the Renaissance, people of Europe focused on the city-states and the knowledge they had attained before not worrying what new knowledge was out there. Then came the Renaissance and brought focus to those things. 4) The Renaissance was a break from the Middle Ages because it brought new ideas and new ways of thinking into society, but without the Middle Ages (medieval civilization), the Renaissance wouldn’t have been necessary. The Middle Ages had the same ways of thinking and the people didn’t question anything – which was completely changed by the Renaissance. 5) Some of the many famous literary and artistic figures of the Italian Renaissance include Thomas More, who wrote Utopia, Erasmus, Castiglione, Michelangelo, da Vinci, Raphael and many more. 6) The ideas...
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...attention to other areas of the painting, I noticed the detailed landscape upon which this scene was set. The museum’s painting can be recognized as a northern painting, even without prior knowledge of the artist who painted it. Two distinct features in this painting are strongly indicative of a northern painting. One of these said features is the landscape setting. Northern works of art deal strongly with naturalism. The second indication that this may be a northern painting has to do with the people gathered around Christ. It is easy to tell that these individuals are merely common folk. A southern painting would most likely feature angels or clergymen gathered around Christ, but within paintings from the north was the concept of humanism. In lamens terms, humanism is merely a system of thought in which human beings are of utmost importance as opposed to the divine or supernatural. In summation, both styles of this painting, naturalism and humanism, are indicative of a northern painting. Dissimilar to paintings of the North, which dealt heavily with naturalism, Southern paintings were more abstract, and less detailed, and mostly featured classical mythology and religious scenes. The works of art from the North convey a more accurate depiction of Christianity and do so by allowing the emotion of the artwork to be felt by the viewer. Northern...
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...___26/2/2011____________ The Northern Renaissance The Northern Renaissance Begins 1. What changes were occurring in northern Europe around 1450 which helped the Renaissance begin? The population of northern Europe which has been shattered by the bubonic plague, the destructive hundred year war between France and England cities grow rapidly, urban merchants became wealthy to sponsor artists. 2. How was the focus of the Northern Renaissance different from the focus of the Southern Renaissance? Northern renaissance was focus on religious ideas than secular themes popular in Italy, the renaissance idea of human dignity inspired some northern humanists to develop plans for social reform based on Christian values.. Artistic Ideas Spread 1. How did the war in Italy spread the Renaissance? As the war dragged on many Italian artists and writers left to a more safer life in northern Europe, with them they brought the styles and techniques of the renaissance, I addition artists who studied in Italy also carried renaissance ideas north. 2. How was the development and spread of oil painting different from many other Renaissance developments? Oil paint does not dry quickly and it can be blended more easily than other paints by applying layer upon layer of paint, oil painting became popular and spread to Italy and was influenced by many artists n the renaissance. 3. Flanders was the artistic center of northern Europe. Northern Writers Try to Reform Society ...
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...Paper Assignment I Throughout Europe, the Renaissance period had various effects on art which can be broken down and seen from Southern (Italian) and Northern paintings. With the renaissance, came disinterest in dogma, and more of a focus on naturalism and humanism. However, the strong influence of religion never left either the Northern or Southern art works, due to the commission by the church. Giuliano Bugiardini’s, Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist, 1510, is a pristine depiction of what Southern European art during the renaissance contained, element by element. Northern artists kept most their roots, focusing heavily on religion while enhancing on the details and adding few aspects of naturalism; while Southern artists took more of a maniera greca and humanistic type approach, where religion and abstraction was in a conflicting battle with what was reality. The color, light, and shadow of Bugiardini’s, Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist, emits a naturalistic feel that is seen throughout the whole painting. The painting’s main colors of brown and green are abundantly found in nature, usually representing trees, grass, dirt, etc. Mary’s red and blue gown contrasts with the rest of the scenery, making her stand out while emitting a calm (blue) but emotional (red) tone. The colors in the painting also seem to tell a story with a dull, dark brown in most of the foreground, and more vivid greens in the background. This could represent current dark times, followed...
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...After viewing the beginning unit, The Renaissance, I firmly believe that the lectures provided by Professor Fleetham argue that Renaissance humanists valued a practical education due to poetry, the use of original sources, and the constant practice of composition, speech, and persuasion. The unit one, section one, lecture states that The Renaissance was strongly based on the rebirth and rejuvenation of ancient times. Italian cities began the trend of humanism and related it to education, resulting in Northern Europe being greatly affected. The rebirth, or break from the Middle Ages, left several people with the idea to revive classical culture. Humanism not only began to refresh the outdated culture of the middle ages, but also to revitalize several respected religious figures. Although humanists like Leo X and Pius II did not fully agree with the church’s negative mindsets concerning education, both religious leaders sought to elevate the liberal arts. As stated in the primary reading, classic learning was vital for both individuals and political families who had children being tutored. By promoting this educational reform, original sources of text and research were available to the community for advancement in knowledge. As stated in the second lecture, humanists loved the words of language and constantly challenged the best of classical authors. Peter Paul Vergerius made one specifically brave move by devising one of the first humanist educational programs in Italy. By making...
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...Differences in art MR.GIBBS Devindra Mohabir Flushing High School Devindra Mohabir September 15, 2013 European History Differences in Art Both the Italian and Northern Renaissance had a lot of great art works, and artistes. They had some similar ideas in term of art and they had some differences. The Renaissance all started in Florence, Italy during the 14th century. Florence was the perfect place for it to start because it was at the center of an international trading port with both Europe and the Middle East. Also because Italy was at the center on the Roman Empire after it fell. The Renaissance was spawned by the birth of the philosophy of humanism, which emphasized the importance of individual achievement in a wide range of fields such as art and writing. Although Italian Renaissance broke all tradition with Gothic style of art during the 15th century, it was a different story on the north side of Europe. The north never really abandoned the dark and gothic styles, it held on to it. In the North, Artistes were focusing more on the Middle-class and peasant class than on the wealthy. Artists such as Pieter Bruegel and Hieronymus Bosch were creating masterpieces of the peasant life. They were showing their perspective of it. “The Peasant Wedding” is a great example of this; Pieter Bruegel painted it in 1567 and it just simply show a wedding celebration of a peasant. The North also focused more on nature and landscapes...
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...Step 1: During the years between 1200 and 1400 the Italian Proto Renaissance occurred in Northern Italy. This was a time where artist began to demonstrate a constant movement toward naturalism and humanistic thought which brought a "rebirth" of classical ideals. In the midst of this rebirth, was also the Great Schism and the bubonic plague that caused religious leaders and wealthy citizens to seek out artist and their work, in order to bring people closer to church. Following the end of the Proto Renaissance came the Renaissance between 1400-1500. The rise of humanism and humanist philosophy within this period along with the invention of moveable type led to the cultural and artistic explosion that would take place for the next two hundred years. This explosion was the High Renaissance taking place during the 1500s through the early 1700s. In this era was the birth of the old masters like Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarroti and Raffaello Santi to name a few. This time brought about masterpieces like Leonardo's "The Last Supper", Michelangelo's "Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel", and Raphael's "School of Athens". During the mid-eighteenth century was the French Neoclassical period which ran alongside the French Revolution. Neoclassical artists depicted noble and stoic subjects from history and began replacing Rococo style. With the revolt against Rococo style painting taking place this lead to the commissioning of the painting "Oath of the Horatii" by painter Jacques-Louis...
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...Renaissance Where do we owe our modern approach to thought, identity, religion and science? One could explain it through evolution of thought process and knowledge, but then again, when were people inspired to think in that type of manner? It can be traced back to an age of enlightenment we know as the Renaissance. Although this period in our history is generally thought of as a reformation in how we as people look at the world around us, it was inspired by the classics of Greece and Rome. With this new found interest in classical writings, values, and art, humans crawled out of the “Dark Ages” and in into the age of “rebirth”, forever impacting the way think and perceive the world around us. Northern Italy can be looked upon as the father of modern history; however, it was Northern Italy’s grand-father, Greece and Rome that inspired this modernization of the world. Italy is full of Roman architecture and art; it was this influence, combined with a spike in common wealth that began the first break from medieval logic. Individual city states began flourishing, taking politics into their own hands. Influenced by an increasing number of wealthy businessmen, people began to dismiss the old fire and brimstone ideas of medieval rule and began to center on one’s self. This promotion of “self” compelled people to explore their individual talents and glorify intelligence rather than oppress it. For the first time in centuries, creative arts were encouraged and those who possessed the...
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...This is because, Renaissance Italy is the most active place in Europe to be developed in many aspects such as art, jurisprudence, economics, finance and politics. When the principle of the medieval international order crumbled in Italy around 1300, the Italian began to create a new political institution and the new institution was called as stato. Basically, stato is the Italian word which refer to the transforming until the word can be used to address political unit such as ‘state’ in English and ‘estado’ in Spanish. Those terms would become the term used to describe the basic political unit of the new international order. The Italian microcosm was an anarchic political space and the new states that the Italian evolved to fill that space were the prototypes of the future Westphalian...
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