...Anthony Migliore Professor White Themes of Modern History 27 February 2015 The Renaissance The Renaissance, literally meaning “rebirth”, was a time of great change from the previous era of history. The Renaissance is a rebirth of Greco-Roman culture and ideas that differ greatly from the medieval way of thinking. During this period of time there were intellectual, artistic, and educational advances that were seen as a bridge between the middle ages and the modern era. A great number of Renaissance advancements can be credited to a few “Renaissance men” who achieved revolutionary things in many fields. A Renaissance man is a term defined as “a person with many talents or areas of knowledge” and, unsurprisingly, there were many of these men during the Renaissance. A well-known Renaissance man is Leonardo Da Vinci who was a painter, engineer, mathematician, and many more things that make him a renaissance man. Da Vinci embodied the characteristics of the Renaissance in his artistic works and paintings. One such characteristic is the Greek technique of linear perspective. Linear perspective was a Greco-Roman way of painting that seems to have been lost during the middle ages. Linear perspective is a much more advanced method of painting that results in a strikingly realistic image if used in the hands of a skilled painter such as Da Vinci. Linear perspective involves tracing all images in the painting to connect to one point in terms of angular position. Using this technique...
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...Name: Course: Professor: Date: A Historical Survey of Art and its Influence on Contemporary Art Linear perspective involves representation of real objects in two-dimensional form through converging surface edges on multiple points that resonate well with the viewer. Contrapposto is an image of skewed human figure displacing the actual weight dispersion for an artistic effect. Foreshortening allows an artist to make an object seem closer than it is. Illusionism comprises of the ability to interpret artistic depictions as a real object. Classicism includes artwork based on ancient Greek or Roman artistic and cultural principles. Cennino Cennini, through Il Libro del l’Arte, argues a novice artist requires the best works of their precursors to enrich their artistic skill. Imitation fortifies skills through repeated reproduction of the chosen work. However, a trainee artist should focus on one piece of art to thoroughly gain the desired skill sets. Imitation eventually begets emulation through a natural inculcation of the expert's skills. Emulating the work of an accomplished artist provides a young artist with a base to develop individual skills. Masaccio (Tommaso Guidi) introduced linear perspective through The Holy Trinity on Tempera as a primary medium. Donatello sculpted Mary Magdalene on stone providing a reference that exemplified intricate detailing in art. Andrea Mantegna inspired the importance of detail to paintings through the altarpiece...
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... Values, and Emotions Renaissance versus Baroque February 2014 The Renaissance era has been considered a time of move into the modern day. The term Renaissance means rebirth, and came from the French. The Renaissance started in Italy and extended throughout Europe between the fourteenth and seventeenth century. It was throughout the Renaissance that Europe saw many large social, scholarly and economic changes. Old-fashioned values of the Church were lost which in turn permitted artists the freedom and liberty to discover the human mind and body. The Renaissance era allowed art to progress far past conventional and traditional religious focus to imitate human feeling and realism in art. Although faith continued to be the core guidance during the Renaissance, the beginning and acknowledgment of human form, expression and scientific study became very lively inspirations within the arts. Renaissance art saw the rebirth of nature and the human figure. Sculpting and painting practices advanced greatly throughout the Renaissance. Artists started using different methods like laws of portion, physical appearance, the linear perspective, balance, and physical appearance. Main characteristics of Renaissance art included admiration and tribute to the human body and nature, realistic linear perspective and importance on the association of light and shadow. Some of the world’s finest artists are from the Renaissance period and include: Michelangelo...
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...What Were the Characteristics of the Renaissance? In very simple terms, the Italian Renaissance re-established Western art according to the principles of classical Greek art, especially Greek sculpture and painting, which provided much of the basis for the Grand Tour, and which remained unchallenged until Pablo Picasso and Cubism. From the early 14th century, in their search for a new set of artistic values and a response to the courtly International Gothic style, Italian artists and thinkers became inspired by the ideas and forms of ancient Greece and Rome. This was perfectly in tune with their desire to create a universal, even noble, form of art which could express the new and more confident mood of the times. Renaissance Philosophy of Humanism Above all, Renaissance art was driven by the new notion of "Humanism," a philosophy which had been the foundation for many of the achievements (eg. democracy) of pagan ancient Greece. Humanism downplayed religious and secular dogma and instead attached the greatest importance to the dignity and worth of the individual. Effect of Humanism on Art In the visual arts, humanism stood for (1) the emergence of the individual figure, in place of stereotyped, or symbolic figures. (2) Greater realism and consequent attention to detail, as reflected in the development of linear perspective and the increasing realism of human faces and bodies; this new approach helps to explain why classical sculpture was so revered, and why Byzantine art...
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...Europe during the turn of the 14th century. The Renaissance as we call this movement changed the society and culture of Europe. The replacement of medieval ideas with the birth of modern principles changed the whole landscape of Europe and even the world as these ideas would gradually spread to other parts of the globe. It was particularly the Italian Renaissance which instigated these changes. It was when handful of humanists sparked off of what would be the one of the most remarkable revolutions. The Catholic Church started to shift away from being the center of the universe and began to be replaced by ideals such as secularism and individualism; a concept unheard of over the last 1000 years. This Renaissance movement were fueled by the people of Florence more so than any other nation. It was Florence which was the center of Renaissance and where it started off. With the discovery of ancient Roman and Greek manuscripts and art, the prosperous city of Florence soon became a mecca of culture and great achievements. It was in early stages of the Renaissance when the son of a goldsmith, Sandro Botticelli created his most famous works; Primavera and The Birth of Venus. After his death, Botticelli’s masterpieces and his artworks’ importance were obscured and underestimated for nearly 400 years before scholars grasped the importance of his work; primarily Primavera and The Birth of Venus and how it played a vital role in the Renaissance movement. Sandro Botticelli in the courts of the...
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...Time Capsule HUM-102 Time Capsule I.) Art a. Renaissance i. One point perspective was one of the forms of painting during the renaissance period. This type of painting created a real kind of depth as each of its planes going further into the back of the back in space to look as it were from the eye of the viewer. ii. “Linear perspective is a depth cue that is related to both relative size and the next depth cue, texture gradient.” (Dictionary, 2011) Using these linear parallel lines that go back into the distance seems to get closer together. These types of painting were widely used throughout the renaissance period and can still be found in many famous paintings in today’s art museums. b. Age of Baroque iii. Still Life - “According to the collector Vincenzo Giustiniani, the painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571–1610)—who rocked artistic conventions with his shockingly naturalistic style, and secured lifelong notoriety for subversive ideas and behavior—commented that it was just as difficult to paint a good picture of flowers as it was to make a picture of figures.” (Measher, 2008) Still life paintings allowed the artist the ability to paint with greater detail and depth. Many still life paintings were from oil based paintings. iv. A wonderful example of Vermeer and Dutch Art was the Milkmaid painting by Johannes Vermeer during the time of 1657-58. This painting could be considered to be one of the final works...
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...The Renaissance of Art originated in Italy, starting in the 1300s to the late 1600s and it re routed the strict religious values of the medieval and gothic period. It became all about classical Greek and Roman art, inspired by their culture of education, science, realism and glorification. This period is a major stepping-stone for art in Europe in the middle ages. There are three major characteristics that stand out in the Italian renaissance art, that, to me, really identify the art of that period. Linear perspective was used at a time when the science of architecture hadn’t been discovered yet. Chiaroscuro is a technique using highlights, tones shades and shadows to give the illusion of three dimensions on a 2 dimensional surface. And the way that the artists portrayed the human body, with elegance, detail and sensuality was something unheard of and a very bold move on their part. Linear perspective, to give a technical definition, is when all parallel lines and surface edges converge on one, two or three vantage points, located with reference to the eye level of the viewer and associated objects are rendered smaller the farther away they become to the viewer, giving the picture depth. One example is Giotto’s “Lamentation of Christ”. In this picture he uses the linear perspective and also uses increased volume of his characters, giving them life like size, and also real human emotion. Another example is “The Holy Trinity” by Massaccio. Jan Van Eyck was one of...
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...2013 Abstract I will attempt to compare and contrast two pieces of art work from the renaissance period. Out of our textbook I chose a piece by Masaccio, The Holy Trinity. The piece of art I chose from a website is from Leonardo da Vinci called Madonna and Child. Both pieces of art are masterpieces of the early renaissance period. Renaissance Paintings and the Artists For many Europeans the renaissance was a period of achievement and worldwide exploration. It was a time of discovery. A time of new and renewed understanding that changed the medieval times and laid the foundation for modern society. Masaccio became the first major painter of the Italian Renaissance. He greatly influenced the art of painting in the renaissance. He moved Italian painting away from the idealizations of Gothic art and presenting his work as a more profound, natural, and humanist world. The Holy Trinity was the last painting he did and is considered one of his greatest masterpieces. Masaccio constructed his masterpiece with simplicity and naturalistic, three dimensionality. (The Holy Trinity by Masaccio, nd) The Holy Trinity was one of the first paintings Masaccio used the linear perspective. Linear perspective is a mathematical system used for creating three dimensional shapes and figures on a flat surface. He used perspective to make the illusion of three dimensions. The perspective lines draw the viewer into the painting. Masaccio painted from a low viewpoint as though...
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...2013 Abstract I will attempt to compare and contrast two pieces of art work from the renaissance period. Out of our textbook I chose a piece by Masaccio, The Holy Trinity. The piece of art I chose from a website is from Leonardo da Vinci called Madonna and Child. Both pieces of art are masterpieces of the early renaissance period. Renaissance Paintings and the Artists For many Europeans the renaissance was a period of achievement and worldwide exploration. It was a time of discovery. A time of new and renewed understanding that changed the medieval times and laid the foundation for modern society. Masaccio became the first major painter of the Italian Renaissance. He greatly influenced the art of painting in the renaissance. He moved Italian painting away from the idealizations of Gothic art and presenting his work as a more profound, natural, and humanist world. The Holy Trinity was the last painting he did and is considered one of his greatest masterpieces. Masaccio constructed his masterpiece with simplicity and naturalistic, three dimensionality. (The Holy Trinity by Masaccio, nd) The Holy Trinity was one of the first paintings Masaccio used the linear perspective. Linear perspective is a mathematical system used for creating three dimensional shapes and figures on a flat surface. He used perspective to make the illusion of three dimensions. The perspective lines draw the viewer into the painting. Masaccio painted from a low viewpoint as though...
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...Discussing the two artists Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, they were both known as the Renaissance men. I will be covering the time period of the Italian Renaissance. Following after with the bibliography of Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti, and comparing the two artist’s paintings. However asking the question how can two artists that live in the same time period, have the same culture, but have so different styles of painting. The Italian Renaissance started in the 13th and 14th Century, leading into the High Renaissance, Renaissance in the North, and the late Renaissance in Italy. In Italy the society after the Middle Ages was powerful city states, extensive trade, and banking had developed. Education was a priority; in Italy the first University for Greek Studies was established. Most Scholars referred to themselves as humanists, not only did they believe education should teach the early Christian hood, but also liberal arts, grammar, poetry, history, politics, and philosophy. Renaissance humanists believed strongly in knowledge, they felt that God created mankind to pursue knowledge and strive to their full potential. Thus, this leads into artists creating visual elements of art to teach education. The main patron of artwork was The Church, wealthy independents, and merchant-princes. The Church paid the finest artists to paint stories of Bible references, because most people in this time period were illiterate. Examples...
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...KHADIJA NO ID: 102011058 | “Evolution of Old Masters Painting & Modern Art” Index: Subject | Page No | I. Introduction | 03 | II. Italian Renaissance | 04 | III. Comparison between the paintings of the Italian Renaissance artists | 05 | IV. Modern Art | 08 | V. Comparison Between The Old Masters Painting And Modern Art | 09 | VI. Conclusion | 11 | VII. Reference | 12 | Introduction I am a student of “history of World Art and Architecture”. In this subject I am learning about analyze and evaluate the major movement, and trends in the visual arts of “Western Civilization”. For this reason, In 29 February, 2012 my classmate and I went to Bangladesh National Museum with our course teacher. It was a magnificent experience in my life. The 3rd Floor decorated with Pictures of International politicians, artists, scientists, famous pictures and three international galleries- Korean, Iranian and Swiss. We had a class on the Western arts gallery. The “Western Arts” gallery is enhancing with many famous artists painting. They all are reproduction of original work. (http://www.quiltindex.org/~quilti/wiki/index.php/Bangladesh_National_Museum) In the museum I saw many works of art of many artists and came to know about the background story of some painting. There are some art of Renaissance period, some are modern art. “Last supper” by Leonardo Da Vinci, “The School of Athens” by Raphael Sanzio, “Primavera” by Botticelli, “Weeping women” by Picasso...
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...developed its own characteristics that differentiate the era from others. Artists valued balance and harmony in their paintings; figures were usually more perfect in the piece of art as compared to reality. {For example, poses became more naturalistic; statues even began to depict real people and nude came in for the first time in the late classical period (mid-4th century)}. Figures’ bodies appeared to be quite active leading people to develop the belief that the figures were actually moving. They were also portrayed doing tasks from everyday life. Although classical art magnificently depicted motion and activities as well as perfect beings, two important things that they did not express were 1) emotion and 2) they had no sense of perspective whatsoever. In the world of painting, Rococo style is characterized by delicate colors, decorative details, and an intimate mood. In France, the term for this type of style was “the elegant style” while in Germany it was called “the sensitive style”. During the 2nd half of the...
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...evidence to a modern day Renaissance. --- The Renaissance art movement has greatly impacted the modern world, with concepts and techniques from the time period still appearing in artworks today. Jeffrey Smart shows a rebirth of ideas, methods and themes that have previously been seen in other art movements, such as the Renaissance, Realism, Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. He was an artist heavily inspired by the Renaissance period, and this shows particularly through his works: "The Traveller", "Labyrinth", "Portrait of Bruce Beresford", and "Turn-off To Dandenong". Smart shows a connection between the modern era and the Renaissance through the similarities of his work and the works of artists from that time period, such as Piero della Francesca, Filippo Brunelleschi, Leonardo Da Vinci and Johannes Vermeer. However, Smart’s works also show similarities to paintings by Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Cézanne, alongside those by Peter Paul Ruben and Jean Francois-Millet. These works provide evidence to a use of techniques and materials such as foreshortening, one point-perspective and oil painting - all exceedingly similar to those of the Renaissance art movement. Smart, by sampling these procedures and concepts from previous art movements and bringing them back to life, creates a new, modern day renaissance. Smart was heavily inspired by artists of the Renaissance period, particularly Piero della Francesca (Rompaey, 2013). Smart utilises perspective to add depth to his artworks...
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...Europe into a powerhouse, the Renaissance marked complete cultural transition of Europe out of the Middle Ages and identified a societal change of values and ideas reflected in the art and literature of the time period; the “rebirth” in Southern Europe, however, differed from Northern Europe. As both the North and South had access to newly printed materials courtesy the printing press, they did share commonality of thought- both supplied predominant Christian artistic themes, had an artistic ‘center’, and provided systems of guilds and patrons. The Southern, or Italian, Renaissance began during the 14th century and “inevitably, trade and commerce brought Italian ideas northward, where they influenced the artistic traditions” beginning the 16th century Northern Renaissance (Benton and DiYanni 53). The South focused on a return to the concept of humanism and revival of idealist, classic Greek and Roman values, but the North focused on the common man and daily realities of life. Centered around Florence then later Rome, aided by the patronage of the Medici family in the Early Renaissance and Popes in the High Renaissance, and inspired by Greek and Roman mythology, the Southern Renaissance movement emphasized humans (their capacities, values and worth). Italian artists made the viewer delve into the inner working of the human mind and their subject matter primarily consisted of gods and goddesses displayed with symmetry, balance, and linear perspective. Known for his goddess depiction...
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...What kind of hierarchies do we encounter in the study of art from 1400-1600? Ideas of the Renaissance The hierarchical phenomenon operating between the years 1400-1600 shaped and organised Renaissance society, heavily defining codes of conduct and correct communal correlations. What’s more, it was a comprehensive and widespread concept that manifested from various angles in Italian Renaissance art. Hierarchical influence can be encountered when considering the contention between several aspects of Renaissance art, and the bearing this classification and ranking process had on the canon of art history was considerable given the periods place in it. Specifically, this ladder of position operated within the competitive frameworks between the liberal and mechanical arts, Early Renaissance and High Renaissance artists, male and female artists, patrons and their employees in the practice of patronage, genres of art works, and painters and sculptors. When trying to understand how a period is structured and works as a whole, consideration of the hierarchies operating within it reveal some clear points of focus. Societies generally work on a ‘pyramid of prestige’, and Renaissance Italy followed this rule. Each societal member had a place, and was expected to fully understand the boundaries this position placed upon them. Societal roles were clear, and every person was conscious of their social standing, whether it be that they were higher or lower than the next person...
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