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History of Pc

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Notes: The History of Computers

• The first man-made computer was the abacus, which was invented by the ancient Chinese thousands of years ago. • The first modern electronic computer was the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) and was first used in 1946. It was used by the United States military for weapons research. It was built using over 18,000 vacuum tubes. These tubes had two major problems—they consumed great amounts of electricity and they burned out quickly (were unreliable). • The second-generation electronic computer was the UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer), in 1951. This machine was smaller than the ENIAC and used only about 5000 vacuum tubes. It was designed for use in commercial businesses, like banks and department stores. • In 1964, IBM (International Business Machines) created the System/360 Mainframe Computer. This machine used transistors, which consumed less electricity and were far more reliable than the vacuum tubes. • In 1977, Radio Shack created the TRS-80 computer. This was the first major desktop computer used in homes throughout the United States. Its base price was around $400 and had only four kilobytes (4000 bits) of memory. Compare this to our classroom computers, which have 128 megabytes (128,000,000 bits) of memory! The monitor was monochrome (green), had no graphics capability, and could not handle lower case letters. • The circuit board is what enables modern computers to be built small and run fast. • The computer’s “brain” is called the CPU. CPU stands for Central Processing

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