...Quality Management for the Competitive Market By Karen Robinson Findings • Lean Manufacturing – – – – – – – – Originates from Toyota (Lean Enterprise Institute, n.d.) About getting more from less Improves delivery times Does not focus on quality Japanese style of management (American Society for Quality, n.d.) Proven quality management methodology Involves management and empowers employees Does not focus of process streamlining • Total Quality Management (TQM) • Six Sigma – Trademarked by Motorola Corporation in the 1980s (iSix Sigma, n.d.) – Structured and scientific method applied to entire organization (Gygi, Williams & Gustafson, 2012) – High returns expected on training investment – Focuses on both quality and process streamlining Recommendation • Six Sigma Initialization – Define business objectives and goals – Select leadership teams – Assign Executive Leaders, Deployment Leaders and Champions – Setup Communication Plans • Deployment Communication • Project Communication Justification • Lean Manufacturing focuses on streamlining processes but does not address quality • TQM addressing quality but does not emphasize the importance of process streamlining • Six Sigma will streamline processes, reduce costs and provide tools to measure the quality of products References • • American Society for Quality (n.d.). History of Total Quality Management. Retrieved from http://asq.org/learn-about-quality/total-quality-management/overview/tqmhistory.html...
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...History of Quality Management The history of Total Quality Management can be traced in early year’s of 1920′s in the area of production quality control, and remarkably the concepts developed in Japan beginning in the late 1940′s and 1950′s, pioneered there by Americans Feigenbum, Juran and Deming. Quality Management Gurus and theories Quality Management resulted mainly from the work of the quality gurus and their theories. the American gurus featured in the 1950′s Japan: Joseph Juran, W Edwards Deming, and Armand Feigenbum; the Japanese quality gurus who formulated and extended the early American quality ideas and models: Kaoru Ishikawa, Genichi Taguchi, and Shigeo Shingo; and the 1970-80′s American Western gurus, notably Philip Crosby and Tom Peters, who further extended their thoughts towards Quality Management concepts after the Japanese successes Total Quality Management (TQM) Total Quality Management features centrally the customer-supplier interfaces, (external and internal customers and suppliers). A number of processes sit at each interface. Central also is an organizational commitment to quality, and the importance of communicating this quality commitment, together with the acknowledgement that the right organizational culture is essential for effective Total Quality Management Processes – understanding processes and methods for process improvement Understanding processes is essential before attempt is made to improve them. This is a central aspect to Total...
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...The Deming Prize Keller Graduate School of Management GM588 Managing Quality; Spring 2010; Session B May 2010 Purpose and Background Following World War II Japan had a lot of catching up to do with the rest of the world. Their manufacturing had been largely based on copying other’s technology and the war had cut them off from outside sources for several years. In 1946 the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) was founded thus starting the quality movement in Japan. They invited Dr. W. Edwards Deming to come and give a series of lectures on Statistical Process Control in 1950. His teachings made a profound impact on Japanese industry and his philosophies continue to have an impact today. A transcript was made of his eight day lecture series, “Dr. Deming’s Lecture on Statistical Control of Quality,” and was subsequently distributed by JUSE for a charge. Dr. Deming then donated his royalties back to JUSE. In appreciation of this the Deming Prize was founded to commemorate Dr. Deming. Categories of the Deming Prize There are three categories of the Deming Prize; The Deming Prize for Individuals, The Deming Application Prize, and The Deming Distinguished Service Award for Dissemination and Promotion. The Deming Prize for Individuals The Deming Prize for Individuals is given to individuals or groups “who have made outstanding contributions to the study of Total Quality Management (TQM) or statistical methods used for TQM, or those who have made outstanding...
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...Total Quality Management in the Software World Abstract This paper examines total quality management (TQM) against the backdrop of the software world. First an overview of the background and evolution of total quality management will be detailed, then an article will be examined that discusses total quality management on an organizational level, and how it can be beneficial. After that an empirical study is reviewed that discusses the relationship between TQM and software quality. Finally this paper is wrapped up with a look at how TQM development methods should be introduced and the different ways in which is benefits both the employee and customer. Keywords: tqm, total quality management, software total quality management, tqm software methodologies Total Quality Management in the Software World According to Dale, Dewhurst, and Martínez-Lorente (1998), Total quality management is now being applied by a considerable number of companies and the topic itself is now a popular subject of many books and papers. While total quality management began to be used in the mid 1980’s (Dale et. al., 1998) it wasn’t until the late 1980’s it became a part of quality related language and even later still until it was put to use in the world of software and I.T. (information technology). This paper will examine the following total quality management topics: 1. What is the background and history of total quality management? 2. What value does TQM add to software quality? ...
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...differ from non-managerial employees in that managers coordinate and oversee the work of others while non-managerial employees work directly on a job or task and have no one reporting to them. Page 20 - Question 4 The universality of management concept is a concept that acknowledges the fat that management is necessary for all sizes and types of organizations. Not only is this the case, but it also applies to all organizational levels and areas, regardless of where the organizations are located. This concept still holds true in today’s world because all organizations must plan, organize, lead, and control well in order to be successful and continue to exist. As such, some levels of management are required to fulfill these roles. Page 20 - Question 5 Although some have argued that business management should be a profession for a few reasons, mostly citing benefits and positive impacts it would yield for society by way of accountability (i.e., if management were to become a true profession it would have to develop codes of conduct with the meaning and consequences of those codes taught as part of the formal educational process for its members; which would officially lead to accountability.) However, the reality is that business management is not a profession today because unlike doctors and lawyers (recognized as holding a professional degree) managers do not adhere to universal and enforceable codes of conduct. For example, while law students are required to take, pass...
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...Barriers to Total Quality Management Background information about the Total Quality Management Profit making organizations use the quality of their services as a marketing strategy, whereby consumers would identify a given brand owing to its quality and after sale services. Total quality management is a framework that enables companies to prioritize quality in the day-to-day operations of the companies to the extent that the said companies are able to produce high quality products while delivering top quality services during and after the sale period (Gupta, Garg & Kumar, 2014). Accordingly, organizations’ management and employees continuously formulate sound approaches that make it possible for them to improve their products and services. Organizations can only achieve total quality management (TQM) if the said organizations are able to combine management and quality tools as a means of realizing business growth and eliminating wastes while strategizing on how to up surge productivity and profits. The history of total quality management (TQM) began formerly as a term created to describe the Japanese-style management methodology to improvement of quality. The naval air systems command came up with the term as an approach to enhance continuous quality improvement of all the organizational processes and as such, it encompassed practices and principles such as behavioral sciences, economics theories, the analysis of the none-quantitative and quantitative data, and process analysis...
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...Barriers to Total Quality Management Background information about the Total Quality Management Profit making organizations use the quality of their services as a marketing strategy, whereby consumers would identify a given brand owing to its quality and after sale services. Total quality management is a framework that enables companies to prioritize quality in the day-to-day operations of the companies to the extent that the said companies are able to produce high quality products while delivering top quality services during and after the sale period (Gupta, Garg & Kumar, 2014). Accordingly, organizations’ management and employees continuously formulate sound approaches that make it possible for them to improve their products and services. Organizations can only achieve total quality management (TQM) if the said organizations are able to combine management and quality tools as a means of realizing business growth and eliminating wastes while strategizing on how to up surge productivity and profits. The history of total quality management (TQM) began formerly as a term created to describe the Japanese-style management methodology to improvement of quality. The naval air systems command came up with the term as an approach to enhance continuous quality improvement of all the organizational processes and as such, it encompassed practices and principles such as behavioral sciences, economics theories, the analysis of the none-quantitative and quantitative data, and process analysis...
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...Arturo Calvo-Mora Antonio Leal José L. Roldán, (2006),"Using enablers of the EFQM model to manage institutions of higher education", Quality Assurance in Education, Vol. 14 Iss 2 pp. 99 – 122. Arvinder P.S. Loomba Thomas B. Johannessen, (1997),"Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award", Benchmarking for Quality Management & Technology, Vol. 4 Iss 1 pp. 59 – 77. Bell, R. and Keys, B. (1998), “A conversation with Curt W. Reimann on the background and future of the Baldrige Award”, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 26 No. 4, pp. 51-61 . Bou-Llusar, J.C., Escrig-Tena, A.B., Roca-Puig, V. and Beltran-Martin, I. (2009), “An empirical assessment of the EFQM excellence model: evaluation as a TQM framework relative to the MBNQA model”, Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 1-22. Chris Hakes (2007). The EFQM excellence model for Assessing Organizational Performance (Google eBook). uk: Van Haren. p12. Constanze Clarke (2006) Automotive Production Systems and Standardisation: From Ford to the Case of Mercedes-Benz (Google eBook). 5th ed. uk: Springer Science & Business Media. p60. Dahlgaard, J., Kristensen, K. and Kanji, G.K. (2007), Fundamentals of Total Quality Management, Routledge, New York, NY. Decarlo, N.J. and Sterett, W.K. (1990), “History of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award”, Quality Progress, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 30-2. EFQM. (2012). Fundemental Concepts. Available: http://www.efqm.org/efqm-model/radar-logic. Last accessed 10th April 2015. ...
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...Total Quality Management Vol. 19, Nos. 7 – 8, July –August 2008, 751– 761 Revisiting a TQM research project: The quality improvement activities of TQM Robin Mannà Centre for Organisational Excellence Research, School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand To celebrate the 70th birthday and achievements of Professor Gopal Kanji, the author revisits the state of TQM at the time Gopal founded the Total Quality Management & Business Excellence journal in 1990. The author provides a commentary on the quality movement of this period, and shares findings from his doctoral research project into TQM, which was undertaken from 1988 to 1992. To the author’s knowledge, this was the first doctorate in the UK that was solely focused on TQM. It therefore provides a unique glimpse into the period when interest in TQM was probably at its greatest and models and frameworks of TQM were first emerging. The doctorate was entitled ‘The development of a framework to assist in the implementation of TQM’. This paper describes the views of quality practitioners on TQM at that time and shows the most commonly used quality improvement activities (65 tools and techniques) that had been implemented by TQM companies. The methodology encompassed structured interviews at 21 TQM companies. The research contributed to the understanding of TQM by presenting the quality activities of which it can be composed, as well as the areas of the organisation the quality...
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...Total Quality Management as a Tool for Organizational Change The case of Motorola by Sverker Alänge CIM Working Paper No: WP 1992-01 ISSN 0280-9753 Acknowledgement This article has greatly benefitted from stimulating discussion with my colleagues Christer Oskarsson, Sari Scheinberg and Niklas Sjöberg, and not least the opportunity to learn from and discuss matters with Bill Smith of Motorola. Sverker Alänge This study is collaboration Department of University of part of a research project conducted in with Christer Oskarsson and Niklas Sjöberg, Industrial Management and Economics at Chalmers Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. 2 920426 Content Page 1. Introduction 1.1 Background and aim 1.2 Methodology 1.3 Our model of change 2. A Quality Change Project 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Motives for change 2.3 When, how, and the purpose 2.4 Content of the quality program 2.5 Actors 2.6 Methods of accomplishing change 2.7 Barriers to change 2.8 The history of the corporation - implications 3. Is Quality Used as a Tool for Change? 3.1 Technical dimension 3.2 Social dimension 3.3 Political dimension 3.4 Cultural dimension 3.5 Quality - a tool for change 4. Management implications 1 2 3 6 7 8 11 14 19 25 26 27 27 29 31 34 36 37 3 4 1. 1.1 Introduction Background and aim Most Western corporations are facing an immediate need to transform the way their businesses are run, in order to meet the quality, lead time and product development demands of the 1990s....
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...Quality in Different Countries The history of the quality movement and ethics reform go hand in hand in creating better Strategic Quality Management. In the U.S. the history of quality thinkers and contributors starts chapter 2 in our text; ‘Strategic Quality Management’. In 1987 Dr. Deming received the ‘National Medal of Technology’, for his impact on quality in the U.S. The Deming Prize for quality was started in Japan in 1951, and the U.S. in 1980. A little slow on the up take considering most of the innovators in the early years were American. There are so many quality thinkers besides Dr. Deming, in the U.S. researching and writing book about continuous quality improvement and on personal and business ethics during the 1970s and 1980s I will only name a few. Dr. Joseph Juran had a plan he called the Quality Trilogy; quality planning, control, and improvement. He used a disciplined approach project by project. For Dr. Juran it was an ethics issue to meet customers’ needs with a quality product or service. Philip Crosby believed in measuring the cost of nonconformance or poor quality and building a companywide philosophical for quality, personal, and organization improvement (Pryor, White, & Toombs, 2007). All these quality processes requires ‘doing the right thing the right way the first time and every time’. In 1996 Brown identified four ethical approaches used in making judgments as to what is the right thing to do. #1: What is right is determined by an absolute, widely...
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...INTRODUCTION * Total – Made up of the whole (or) Complete. * Quality – Degree of Excellence a product or service provides to the customer in present and future. * Management – Act, art, or manner of handling, controlling, directing, etc. TQM is the art of managing the whole to achieve excellence. "TQM is a management approach for an organization, centered on quality, based on the participation of all its members and aiming at long-term success through customer satisfaction, and benefits to all members of the organization and to society." Total Quality Management (TQM) refers to management methods used to enhance quality and productivity in business organizations. TQM is a comprehensive management approach that works horizontally across an organization, involving all departments and employees and extending backward and forward to include both suppliers and clients/customers. History of Total Quality Management The history of total quality management (TQM) began initially as a term coined by the Naval Air Systems Command to describe its Japanese-style management approach to quality improvement. An umbrella methodology for continually improving the quality of all processes, it draws on knowledge of the principles and practices of: * The behavioral sciences * The analysis of quantitative and non quantitative data * Economics theories * Process analysis TQM Timeline 1920s | * Some of the first seeds of quality management were planted as the principles of...
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...Total Quality Management History: The concept of quality can be seen in ancient civilization. Egyptian Pyramids and the Great Wall of China are the evidences from history. The concept of total quality was started back in 1920’s. In 1940, statistical techniques were used to check quality. In 1960 quality management became broader in meaning. In past decades quality management was limited to the production process but now quality control is concept taken as something to be applied in every line of business. Introduction: TQM is management approach to integrate all management activities or organizational function (engineering, finance, customer service, design, marketing, and production, etc.) to focus on meeting customer needs and organizational objectives by delivering high-quality products and services. TQM is a method in which management and employees work in the same line for continuous improvements in goods and services to meet customer expectation and to achieve organizational goals. The ultimate objective of TQM is to minimize defects. The Competition based on quality has grown up in recent years. Companies are focusing on quality improvement in every line of business in order to be more competitive. Companies who do not focus on quality will not survive. Companies took quality concept as a crucial to survive in the market. Features: 1-Customer Focus: The first and most important feature of TQM, on which it emphasis more is ‘Customer’. Company more focus...
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...a sample essay, which is required to create/join with an account. SAMPLE: Xerox Business Systems Expository Essay The history of its outstanding management starts in the 1980’s, when the company changed its market strategy and introduced a new kind of management that lately transformed into their fantastic quality management practice. Their program “Leadership through quality” against the Japanese competitors set new quality standards for the market and opened their way to success. The program established the manage-for-results as the primary goal for all of the operations within the company. The expected results were improved productivity and increased revenue growth achieved through the quality-oriented strategy. After experiencing difficulties on market before the company opened a new era in management and created a model that will lately be followed by almost every single one company. The quality philosophy of the company- the customer-demands orientation- is one of the most remarkable traits that makes Xerox an upstart company. The customer-based orientation was the first one at that time, due to the major orientation of the companies on the quantity, not quality of manufacturing. This philosophy is completely based on the quality of every aspect of the company’s activity, including the final product. It starts with the employee’s management and ends up in the final result of their work – Xerox products. This final result started being evaluated from the objective...
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...Studies GBA603 – Organizational Theory Dr. Steven Englehart May 30, 2015 The origins of total quality management are uncertain, however, research has traced the theory of quality control back to the early 1920s when statistical analysis was used in conjunction with quality control. Walter A. Shewhart developed a statistical control chart in 1923 while working at Bell Telephone; although it wasn’t implemented until three years later at plant for Western Electric (Total Quality Management). The actual method of total quality management as a management approach was introduced in the 1950s. Originally the process of TQM utilized the concept specifically dealing with product inspection and production but today it has transformed into a method that can be applied to analyze all of the operations within an organization. The process of total quality management was first established after WWII when Japanese manufacturers started to make civilian goods instead of military equipment (Total Quality). Having a reputation as the country with the most inferior exports, Japan welcomed outside help from American quality experts, specifically W. Edwards Deming. Instead of focusing on the process of product inspection, Japanese manufacturers focused on improving all of the procedures through their workers. The Japanese were able to transform their negative reputation by increasing the quality and decreasing their prices. American manufacturers eventually became increasingly aware of the...
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