...Nursing Philosophy and Comparison Paper A Comparison of Personal Philosophy and Sr. Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model September 14, 2011 Nursing Philosophy and Comparison Paper A Comparison of Personal Philosophy and Sr. Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model A personal philosophy is what one values for themselves as human beings. It reflects the many faceted realities of their self-concept and is influenced by: culture, spirituality, morals, values, and belief concepts. The relevance of one’s personal philosophy to nursing is significant. One’s philosophy directly affects the interpersonal relationship and care given to patients. For the purpose of this paper, the author will reflect and incorporate her nursing philosophy with the four nursing metaparadigms: person, environment, health and nursing, with the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) and compare similarities’ and differences. Personal Philosophy The author’s personal philosophy is seeded in spirituality and seeing the world as interconnected with a divine source where all things are possible. She attempts to integrate the core concepts of her philosophy: intuition, altruism, holism, empathy, knowledge, compassion and advocacy into the nursing process. The author will define and demonstrate her nursing philosophy as applied to the metaparadigms. The person is viewed as a unique individual and energetic being (spirit) within a physical and integrated body system connected to a higher supreme source; environment:...
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...Callista Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) is defined as helping a person respond positively to changes, either physical or social environment. People have mutual relationships with the world and God. People use human creative abilities of awareness, enlightenment, and faith, according to Masters RN, DNS (2010), (Chapter 10). Roy’s theory provides a systematic approach to nursing practice known as the nursing process. Ram utilizes a bi-level assessment to problem solve the nursing process in everyday patient care. Assessment of Behavior * The first step of the nursing process, which involves gathering data about the behavior of the person as an adaptive system in each of the adaptive modes("Nursing Theories", 2012). Assessment of Stimuli * The second step of the nursing process involves the identification of internal and external stimuli that are influencing the person’s adaptive behaviors. * Stimuli are classified as: 1. Focal- those most immediately affecting the person, 2. Contextual-all other stimuli present that are affecting the situation 3. Residual- other stimuli whose effect on the situation are unclear. ("Nursing Theories", 2012). Nursing Diagnosis * Step three of the nursing process involves the formulation of statements that interpret data about the adaptation status of the person, including the behavior and most relevant stimuli ("Nursing Theories", 2012). Goal Setting * The forth step of the nursing process involves the establishment...
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...across Theories The purpose of the nursing theories is to provide an interrelating framework focusing on the nursing practice. The defined nursing theories promote better patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and improve the communication between the nurses, and provide guidance to the researches and education (Keefe, 2011). Not all nursing theories have the same meanings; however, they play the important role of explaining the key concepts and principles of nursing practice in understanding way. Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model are considered as grand nursing theories. The grand nursing theories are a conceptual model, which identifies the focal point of nursing inquiry and guide the development of mid-range theories that will become useful to nurses and also to other health professionals. According to Walker and Avant (2011), these theories contributed in “conceptually sorting the nursing from the practice of medicine by demonstrating the presence of distinct nursing perspectives.” In this essay, Orem’s Health Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model are compared and analyzed for their importance in nursing. Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory is one of three grand theories written by Dorothea E. Orem. According to Orem, nursing becomes necessary when an individual can no longer care for him or herself. Nursing provides care through acting, guiding...
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...across Theories The purpose of the nursing theories is to provide an interrelating framework focusing on the nursing practice. The defined nursing theories promote better patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and improve the communication between the nurses, and provide guidance to the researches and education (Keefe, 2011). Not all nursing theories have the same meanings; however, they play the important role of explaining the key concepts and principles of nursing practice in understanding way. Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model are considered as grand nursing theories. The grand nursing theories are a conceptual model, which identifies the focal point of nursing inquiry and guide the development of mid-range theories that will become useful to nurses and also to other health professionals. According to Walker and Avant (2011), these theories contributed in “conceptually sorting the nursing from the practice of medicine by demonstrating the presence of distinct nursing perspectives.” In this essay, Orem’s Health Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model are compared and analyzed for their importance in nursing. Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory is one of three grand theories written by Dorothea E. Orem. According to Orem, nursing becomes necessary when an individual can no longer care for him or herself. Nursing provides care through acting, guiding...
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...and member of a religious community. She currently holds the position of professor and nurse theorist at Boston College Connell School of Nursing. As a researcher some of her research interests are conceptualizing and measuring coping, basis of adaptation nursing, implications of individual and common good for clinical nursing, and emerging nursing knowledge and practice outcome. She developed the Adaptation Model of Nursing in 1976. The theory was influenced by observations of practice; insights derived from existing theories and other literature sources. After working with Dorothy E Johnson, Roy’s mentor during her graduate nursing education, she encouraged Roy to develop her thoughts on adaptation into conceptual framework for nursing. Roy becomes convinced of the importance of describing the nature of nursing as a service to society. This prompted her to begin her model with goal of nursing being to promote adaptation. Roy’s model was conceived when nursing theorist Dorothy Johnson challenged her students during a seminar to develop conceptual model of nursing. Johnson’s nursing model was the impetus/motivation for the development of Roy’s adaptation model. Roy’s model incorporated concepts from Adaptation – Level – Theory of Perception from renowned American physiological psychologist Harry Helson, Ludwig von Bertalanffy’s system model and Anatol Rapoport’s system definition (nurseslabs.com). Roy combines Helson’s work with Rapoport’s definition of system and views the person...
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...The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast nursing metaparadigms formulated by Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model and Dorothy Johnson: The Behavioral System Model. These two theorist are identified as grand theorist of the post-positivist era (1950’s-1990’s). The contrast and comparison is structured as Roy’s and Johnson definition of person, health, environment and nursing. Roy defines persons as an adaptive systems with cognation and regulatory subsystems working together to continue adaptation. Roy uses four modes of adaptation (physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence) that has to stay balance in order for the person to function at an optimal level. Johnson defines persons as behavioral systems with seven substructures (security, recognition, basic body supply, waste evacuation, sexual needs, defense, and fulfillment) needs to balance to prevent illness. Roy’s model is adaptive and Johnson’s theory of person is reactive to internal/external impulses. Roy defines environment as all conditions and all states of affairs in one’s life that affect development and behavior. Johnson explains environment as internal and external surrounding. Both theorist environments are influenced by one’s current situations that are fixed and those surrounding that are self-restrained. Johnson’s explains health as an adequate and capable function system. Johnson also defines health as observable system balance and security. Roy’s health is the state...
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...Nightingale’s Legacy Nursing has changed significantly over the course of history. Many have led the way, however, Florence Nightingale is considered to be one of the most famous and exemplary nursing figures. Known as a true pioneer and visionary to professors and novice nursing students alike, Florence Nightingale made countless contributions in nearly every area of nursing, from sanitation to basic human rights. The writings and teachings of Florence Nightingale continue to make a significant impression not only on students but nurses in every area from the everyday care of the community to high stress of emergency care. A vast array of subspecialties exist in nursing but regardless of the type of field, many of the recommendations of Florence Nightingale can be applied regarding present day nursing practice....
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...Nursing Science INTRODUCTION Short Overview of History of Nursing Education Nurse education expands to empirical and theoretical frameworks introduced to future nurses and aimed at preparing them for completing tasks in a nursing care unit. The education is also introduced to nursing students by professional nurses and other medical experts who have been taught to accomplish a range of educational tasks. Previously, prior to the development of the theoretical foundations proposed by Florence Nightingale, nursing was considered purely from a medical viewpoint, which involved medical intervention and treatment. Further investigations and development of nursing education has been largely influenced by other disciplines, including ethics, morale, and philosophy which teaches future nurse to perceive persons not only as patients with certain disorders, but as holistic beings whose concerns also depend on their social, cultural, and political backgrounds. Contemporary arrangements also focus on the development of the balance between practical implications and theoretical foundation to shape a new patient-centered vision on nursing and health care. Purpose Statement The main purpose of this paper is to trace the shifts in nursing education, starting from the development of Nightingale’s model and focusing on the present underpinnings and alterations in nurses’ training. Florence Nightingale Concepts and Frameworks With the advent of Nightingale’s concepts in nursing, a rigid...
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...patients (Hines, 2012). Acknowledgement of these specialty certifications solidifies holistic practices and informs the public and other healthcare disciplines of these individuals and their areas of expertise in guiding patient’s rights relative to holistic care. For this reason, nurses hold the key in supporting holistic healthcare for patients. Nurses, as holistic coaches, can assist individuals in finding meaning in their healthcare experience by listening acutely and creating therapeutic, caring, and collaborative environments of care (Hines, 2012). Being knowledgeable in these practices will improve patient’s feelings of empowerment, in their healthcare choices, and allocate them the voice needed to become active members in making healthcare decisions appropriate for them. Changing nursing practices, to reflect these positive outcomes, will improve nurse-patient relationships and enhance both the patient and healthcare workers’ experiences in dealing with the complexity of healthcare concerns existing today. Challenges in Implementation Changes With this in mind, providing effective holistic care to patients will necessitate nursing educational practices to be reevaluated. Incorporation of the basic principles of holistic nursing will need to be emphasized by educators through all levels of nursing...
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...Introduction As we glance at the evolution of nursing we begin to realize that the practice of today has been built upon 140 years of research that is responsible for the growth and development of evidenced based practice. This paper will explore several theories from Florence Nightingale to today’s theorist in sequence to visualize the development of our current nursing practice Each theorist has its own unique conceptual model that propels our profession to think differently when applied to our practice. Evidenced based practice is therefore a deliberate, intellectual activity by which the practice of nursing is approached in an orderly, systematic manner also known as the nursing process (Walker & Avant, 2011). Historical Timeline Theories are concepts that have been investigated and developed into theory to guide and explain nursing practice. Florence Nightingale was known as the pioneer of nursing theory, the first nursing theory that focuses on the manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient which has directed nursing practice for 140 years (George, 20011). Nightingale’s theory is based upon the belief that the force for healing resides within the human being and that, if the environment is appropriately supportive, humans will seek to heal themselves. Her 13 canons indicate the areas of environment of concern to nursing including ventilation, warming, health of houses , taking food, bedding, light, cleanliness of rooms and walls...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Nursing as a profession has evolved dramatically over the last 150 years. From Florence Nightingale to current theorists, nursing has entered a new era. Theories are a collaboration of philosophies, other healthcare disciplines or fields, religious beliefs, and most importantly documented personal or professional experiences. The advancement of practice, pharmaceuticals, and technology have transformed nursing into a more complicated science. Nurses are expected to do more with fewer resources and the patient-centered care vanishes in the mix, but patient advocacy is imperative to nursing. As stated by Selanders and Crane (2012) “modern nursing is complex, ever changing, and multi-focused. Since the time of Florence Nightingale, however, the goal of nursing has remained unchanged, namely to provide a safe and caring environment that promotes patient health and well-being. Effective use of an interpersonal tool, such as advocacy, enhance the care-giving environment.” This paper will focus on the nursing theorists that have continued to emphasize advocacy through effective communication and interpersonal relationships. Florence Nightingale-Environment Theory Known as the founder of modern nursing, Nightingale is the theorist that most nurses can readily recall. Her desire to treat patients with a holistic approach has been influential to nursing advancing from an art to a science. Her theories have been studied and...
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...Basic concepts in nursing science School of Nursing Medical University March, 2005 Introduction 1. Definition of nursing science 2. Four basic concepts that affect and determine the nursing practice (1) Human being (2) Environment (3) Health (4) Nursing Human being 1. The human being is a uniform whole （entirety） (1) Concept of a whole (2) The uniform whole of human being 1) Physiological 2) Psychological 3) Social 4) Spiritual 5) Cultural 3. The human being is an open system (open whole) (1) Close system (2) Open system 4. The scope of human being in nursing (1) Individual (2) Family (3) Community (4) Society Basic goal of human being: To maintain the balance of organism 1) Balance among subsystems of an organism 2) Balance between organism and its environment (internal environment and external environment) 2. Basic need of human being (1) Definition of basic need 1) Need 2) Basic need of human being (2) Types of basic need 1) Physiological need 2) Social need 3) Affective need 4) Cognitive need 5) Spiritual need (3) Characteristics of basic need 1) Approximately same basic need 2) The importance of each need for each person is different 3) All the basic needs are interconnected and interactive (4) Factors that affect meeting needs ...
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...“Valuing People” paper and more recently as part of the “Valuing People Now” document (DOH,2009). Person-centred planning is now promoted as a key method in delivering the personalisation objectives of the Governments “Putting People First” programme for social care (DOH, 2007). The Coalition continues this commitment towards personalisation of care with its “Capable Communities and Active Citizens” document (DOH, 2010). One key area to ensure that care is delivered in a systematic person-centred way is through effective care planning that involves the patient in the process as a key stake holder. Several systematic models to nursing care are available that will facilitate practitioners in ensuring that all needs of the individual are identified and met. This essay will define what is meant by the term “person centred care”, will explore the systematic nursing models of care delivery and will highlight good practice in constructing person-centred care plans. This will be done using examples of an original care plan (constructed by the author for a real patient whose name has been changed) - and will draw upon information and evidence from a range of contemporary sources. It is appropriate in the context of this essay to firstly define a “person”. A person should not be viewed as a mere physiological entity but rather as an intricate composite of characteristics that make up an individual personality (AHMD, 2007). The National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (2008) stated...
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...Katharine Kolcaba's Theory of Comfort Kelly Ferreira Summer, 2004. In the early part of the 20th century, comfort was the central goal of nursing and medicine. Comfort was the nurse's first consideration. A "good nurse" made patients comfortable. In the early 1900's, textbooks emphasized the role of a health care provider in assuring emotional and physical comfort and in adjusting the patient's environment. For example, in 1926, Harmer advocated that nursing care be concerned with providing an atmosphere of comfort. In the 1980's, a modern inquiry of comfort began. Comfort activities were observed. Meanings of comfort were explored. Comfort was conceptualized as multidimensional (emotional, physical, spiritual). Nurses provided comfort through environmental interventions. It was in this decade that Kolcaba began to develop a theory of comfort when she was a graduate student at Case Western Reserve in Cleveland, Ohio. She is currently a nursing professor at the University of Akron in Ohio. Kolcaba's (1992) theory was based on the work of earlier nurse theorists, including Orlando (1961), Benner, Henderson, Nightingale, Watson (1979), and Henderson and Paterson. Other non-nursing influences on Kolcaba's work included Murray (1938). The theory was developed using induction (from practice and experience), deduction (through logic), and from retroaction concepts (concepts from other theories). The basis of Kolcaba's theory is a taxonomic...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The 19th century marked the beginning of professional nursing. Florence Nightingale was the legend behind it as she began the struggle of nurses being recognized as professionals. It is hard to believe that nurses were once assigned to the job as a sentence for crimes committed or for the women who were too old or sick to hold conventional jobs. Nightingale’s focus included infection control, documentation, patient safety, confidentiality, and evidence based practice, which seems common place today, but was very forward thinking for that period. The era of Florence Nightingale is just the beginning of the timeline of significant events and theoretical development that shaped the evolution of modern nursing and nursing science. Timeline 19th century | * 1836: Kiaserworth Deaconess Institute opens the first recorded school of nursing in Germany. * 1850: Florence Nightingale attends Kaiserworth for three months of training. * 1854: Florence Nightingale was nicknamed the ‘lady with the lamp’ by the soldiers during the Crimean war. This period is where she developed the foundation for evidence based practice. * 1860: The Nightingale school of nursing was established and incorporated theory as well as clinical experiences. She was the first nursing theorist. * 1861: Dorthea Dix is chosen as the first superintendent of the United States Army nurses. * 1874 The University of...
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