...Formal and Informal Assessments Diane Suzuki Western Governor’s University June 22, 2014 There are several ways to assess students in the c lassroom, these include Formal and Informal assessments. Every teacher needs methods to unders tand whether the students are grasping the concepts they are being taught. To determine this the teacher uses several types of assessments. In some cases, formal assessments are most beneficial in determining understanding and in other cases the teacher can use informal methods in understandi ng the students’ learning. Formal assessments are, according to the website education-portal.com, “are systematic, preplanned methods of testing students that are used to determine how well studen ts have learned the material that is being taught i n the classroom.” (Flanagan, D., Mascolo, J., Hardy-B raz, S., 12/2009, NP), They are standardized tests, essay exams, and final exams. While formal assessm ents show overall achievement in a subject or subjects, informal assessments are used to inform i nstruction, they help the teacher understand where changes in a lesson plan or instructional method mi ght need to occur to help student learning. (Weaver , Brenda, ND, NP) One form of Formal assessment are the standardized achievement tests given to students during the year. These assessments shows the stude nts’ developed skills or knowledge in particular subjects. They can be compared...
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...ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR CONCEPTS CONTROVERSIES APPLICATIONS Seventh Edition Stephen P. Robbins 1996 Contents Part One • Introduction Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 2 Chapter 2 Responding to Global and Cultural Diversity 42 Part Two • The Individual Chapter 3 Foundations of Individual Behavior 80 Chapter 4 Perception and Individual Decision Making 130 Chapter 5 Values, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction 172 Chapter 6 Basic Motivation Concepts 210 Chapter 7 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 250 Part Three • The Group Chapter 8 Foundations of Group Behavior 292 Chapter 9 Understanding Work Teams 344 Chapter 10 Communication 374 Chapter 11 Leadership 410 Chapter 12 Power and Politics 460 Chapter 13 Conflict, Negotiation, and Intergroup Behavior 502 Part Four - The Organization System Chapter 14 Foundations of Organization Structure 548 Chapter 15 Technology, Work Design, and Stress 588 Chapter 16 Human Resource Policies and Practices 634 Chapter 17 Organizational Culture 678 Part Five - Organizational Dynamics Chapter 18 Organizational Change and Development 714 CHAPTER I • WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR? What Managers Do Let’s begin by briefly defining the terms manager and the place where managers work—the organization. Then let’s look at the manager’s job; specifically, what do managers do? Managers get things done through other people. They make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the activities of others to attain goals. Managers do...
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