...ESL Versus Mainstream Classes The College of New Jersey In the article, ESL versus Mainstream Classes: Contrasting L2 Learning Environments (TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 2, summer 1994). Linda Harklau explores the differences between ESL and mainstream classes. The article is a result of an ethnographic study of new comer students in a San Francisco Bay area high school. Harklau felt that in order for ESOL students to successfully transition into mainstream classes the differences in instruction in the two types of classes must be identified as well as the advantages and disadvantages of both learning environments. Harklau conducted her study over a 3 ½ year period. The subjects were newcomers to the San Francisco Bat area and were all Chinese ethnic students. She chose these students for the sample group because they represented the predominant group in the ESL program. Her study consisted of 315 hours of classroom observations, samples of homework, samples of schoolwork, school records, and 38 formal interviews. What Harklau found was that there were two significant ways in which the instructions differed. First was the organization and goals of instruction and second was the contrast in the types of social interactions that occurred in each environment. Organization and goals of instruction refers to how and written and spoken language was used, how teacher’s goals affected...
Words: 619 - Pages: 3
...Qualitative Approaches to Classroom Research 1 Qualitative Approaches to Classroom Research with English Language Learners Patricia A. Duff University of British Columbia Address: Department of Language & Literacy Education University of British Columbia 2125 Main Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Courier: 2034 Lower Mall Road University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2 Canada Qualitative Approaches to Classroom Research 2 ABSTRACT This chapter provides an overview of recent qualitative research in classrooms examining English language learners (ELLs). I first present common features of qualitative research and review debates regarding research paradigms in the social sciences and humanities. I also discuss the role of triangulation and capturing participants’ insider or emic perspectives in qualitative research and highlight various data collection methods and ways of combining macro-level and micro-level analyses, particularly in ethnographic research. Ethical issues, difficulties obtaining informed consent in classroom research, and criteria for evaluating qualitative research are then considered. Three qualitative studies that have been deemed exemplary and meritorious by scholars in English language education are then presented and some common themes in current qualitative classroom research with ELLs are identified. The chapter concludes with directions for future qualitative research. Introduction Over the past 2 decades, research...
Words: 7460 - Pages: 30
...unlimited resources that people can use in order to expose them to authentic language use. Exposure, however, is not enough to trigger language acquisition. People need to be acquainted the use of computers to enhance language acquisition. (Mei Lin, Caroline. 2007) Literature Review In a Study by Yi Zhou about Attitudes and Motivation toward learning a second language in an internet-based informal context: Perception of University ESL Students done in university of Windsor, Ontario, Canada; the study investigates the motivational factors for learning English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL). One of the purposes of the study is to benefit the educators and the instructors to gain a better understanding of the characteristics inherent to a internet-based concept to help support language learning motivation and thus incorporate these factors into their classroom activities in order to promote student learning performance. A survey was handed to 107 Chinese ESL students. The result of the study concludes that the students demonstrates and above moderate level of ESL motivation. They have shown a strong desire to learn the language and hold favorable attitudes toward...
Words: 1866 - Pages: 8
...English Language Learner’s Assessment English Language Learners, (ELL), have specific tests and procedures that the ELL teacher must follow in order to properly assess each student’s level of proficiency in English. After interviewing the English Language Learner teacher at our school, assessing ELL students gives the both the home teacher and ELL teacher the information needed to develop a SIOP, (Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol), for each student. First, all new students are given a home language survey for their parents to fill out. If any language other than English is recorded on the survey, the student is given the WAPT in which this test identifies students who are English Language Learners. Language proficiency levels are determined through the ACCESS test which is given once a year in the early spring, and when the correct levels of English proficiency is determined, then the English Language Learner teacher will devise a plan specially designed to help the ELL student progress in learning English. The students are assessed in listening, speaking, reading, and writing the English language. They are scored on a rubic: one-entering, two-beginning, three-developing, four-expanding, five-bridging, and six-reaching. Then, the results from this assessment are used to make a learning plan for the student. This is a formal assessment, while informal assessments are used and vary throughout the school year. Teachers, (both home and ELL) are given the ACCESS...
Words: 775 - Pages: 4
...the change process as it relates to the vocational college in detail. Conclusions drawn from this analysis will be based on how it compares to using other change models found in research. A more stable and formal change model might be more effective in this vocational college. If the organization sticks to its current change model, success can be realized if all essential steps are complete. Background on the Change Process The vocational college has recently faced mandatory new construction in the English as a Second Language department of the college. The new construction has forced the college to become denser concerning classroom space. This has caused the other three schools in the college (healthcare, business, and networking) to incur issues concerning classroom space and student intimacy with instructors with lack of adequate space for the ESL program and the vocational college increasing student populations during this ordeal. The change was introduced a week before it were to happen. Model in Use at the Vocational College The vocational...
Words: 1365 - Pages: 6
...for this class and saw that we were required to observe an English Language Learner (ELL) classroom I was very anxious, in both a good and bad way. I did not know of any locations that offered an ELL classroom but I also was looking forward to the experience of observing a classroom which was a totally new concept to me. I have never had the opportunity to be in a classroom with ELL students. I only spent two days observing these students but I was able to get an understanding of just how difficult this situation is for both the students as well a the teachers of these students. My observation took place in Dover High School. The ELL students consisted of ten Hispanics. Seven boys and three girls who were all between the ages of 14 and 17. Nine were originally from Guatemala and one from Mexico. Most of their academics took place in a pull out setting. Two of the girls lived with their parents. The rest were transients who were living with a relative. Most were in the legal process of obtaining legal status in the United States. Snow (1992) suggests that learning to read in the students native language is crucial to the success of the student being able to read in a second language The students were very cordial and enjoyed and enjoyed letting me follow them throughout the school day. I tried to use as much of the Spanish that I learned many years ago when I could. Much of the classroom time the teachers and students communicated with each other in Spanish. The teachers told...
Words: 1170 - Pages: 5
...Language Barriers in NC Pre-K Classrooms How to Overcome Language Barriers in NC Pre-K Classrooms FCS 711- Research and Inquiry in Family and Consumer Science Dr. Rosa Purcell Meisha Conrad April 28, 2014 Introduction Being a teacher at a Head Start/ Early Head Start program I have experienced the language barriers between teachers and students from different ethnic groups. I can say it is not easy when you and your students cannot communicate. Dealing with the situation makes you question yourself and how you can fix the language barriers in your own classroom and also the school. What can teachers do to overcome the language barrier in our classrooms with our Latino children? What are some activities, lessons, games, and etc., that we can do to make a connection and also help them learn? There are many ways I think we can put a stop to the language barriers in school. We may not be able to completely fix the problem but there are ways and things we can do to make our Latino children and parents feel welcome and comfortable when they walk into the schools. Communication is an important part of teaching because the children have to be able to understand the message that the teacher is trying to convey. Children also have to be able to communicate with each other. There are a number of factors in the classroom and many of these factors exist...
Words: 2910 - Pages: 12
...STUDY Thematic Unit of Study Mary Lynn Hartz Grand Canyon University EED 364 October 24, 2011 Thematic Unit of Study The school where I chose to do the Science practicum was Hazleton Elementary/Middle School. Mrs. Christine Molosky teaches 6th grade Science and Social Studies for the past 12 years. Mrs. Molosky is very knowledgeable and has had much experience in teaching both subjects. Mrs. Molosky challenges the students to think independently and to come to know the world through its marvel and its ancestors. The classes in the school are crowded and full of diversity, therefore not only was I able to observe the higher level classes but I was fortunate to observe the lower classes which consisted of Learning Support and ESL students. The science class was very enlightening and attention-grabbing to say the least because Mrs. Molosky had to differentiate instruction to meet the needs of the different levels. Every 2-3 weeks the teacher replaces one subject with the other depending on the depth of the information within the chapter and the rate at which the students grasp the material. At this time Mrs. Molosky was teaching a unit in Science called “The Solar System and Beyond”. During my observing of this unit of instruction, I was able to compile the information needed to respond to the questions within the module. The following is the information: Were other content areas such as reading, writing, math and technology integrated into the science lesson...
Words: 1181 - Pages: 5
...Yolanda Rayford Grand Canyon University Instructor: Professor Amy Wilkinson ESL-433N Advance Methodologies of Structured English Immersion Module 8: Alternative Methods of Assessments August 3, 2014 Evaluating and Selecting Assessments: In reading the article I believe the two checklists that would be extremely important to me in regards to the ELL students in the classroom would be Oral scoring rubric and observation checklist. The oral scoring rubric will allow you to hear the student read aloud in small and large group it will allow you to visually see if they can pronounce the words clearly where, everyone can understand what is being said by the student. You can set the grading rubric fairly for everyone to and have the rubric broken down into different area and grading from high to low and also explaining to the student what the scale means. The rubric could be put into different categories such are reading with a partner, re-telling the story assigned to, giving oral reports to the class, brainstorming the story in small and large group, written assignment of the story and also small group re-telling the story in a way that they understood the story, along with all of these there would need to be 3-5 questions they would need to write out answers for. Next would be observations checklist, with the observation checklist this could be used in so many ways such as portfolios to see the progression of the students work from the beginning of...
Words: 466 - Pages: 2
...The demographics of school classrooms have slowly, but progressively changing over the years as a variety of different cultures and ethnic groups enrolled in the nation’s school system. The original view that most educators had towards students being similar and therefore taught together as a single group of common individuals no longer works in today’s classroom. Therefore, school districts have begun to incorporate programs that provide assistance to English Language Learners into their systems, such as bilingual education programs or specialized teachers assigned to students with English as a second language. However, the adjustments don’t stop there, it can’t be assumed that only dealing with a difference in language will help students...
Words: 1037 - Pages: 5
...ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNER SPECIAL EDUCATION REFERRAL AND PLACEMENT OUTCOMES IN INSTRUCTIONAL CONSULTATION TEAMS SCHOOLS Arlene E. Silva, Master of Arts, 2005 Thesis Directed by: Professor Sylvia Rosenfield Department of Counseling and Personnel Services University of Maryland, College Park The present study serves as an examination and documentation of referral and placement outcomes of English Language Learner (ELL) cases in Instructional Consultation (IC) Teams schools. Archival data from 838 cases (12% of which were ELL cases) within five mid-Atlantic public school districts implementing IC Teams were analyzed for outcomes using logistic regression. Results included statistically significant differences in ELL versus non-ELL student initial team referral (IC or other prereferral intervention team) and ultimate IEP Team referrals. Initial referral concerns also differed significantly between ELL and non-ELL students. IC Teams were found to be more effective than existing prereferral intervention teams in decreasing the special education referrals of ELL and non-ELL students. The results of the present study serve as a foundation for future research in the areas of at-risk ELL students and their referrals to prereferral intervention teams and special education. ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNER SPECIAL EDUCATION REFERRAL AND PLACEMENT OUTCOMES IN INSTRUCTIONAL CONSULTATION TEAMS SCHOOLS by Arlene E. Silva Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate...
Words: 25126 - Pages: 101
...ELL Classroom Observation My observation was in an ELL 4th grade classroom in a Title 1 school. Most of the students in this school come to learn Spanish and some have been here since kindergarten. For those students that have been in the school since kindergarten, their English vocabulary is advanced, but there are still a large percentage who do not speak English or are at a beginner’s level. The teacher is SEI endorsed and is also head of the ELL, ESL program. She gave me a tour around the school where every grade is taught and showed me how they include all students in a regular classroom but give special instruction to ELL students. Because it is almost the end of the school year, students have developed a routine and look comfortable around the rest of the students. As the day began, the teacher wrote on the board their...
Words: 626 - Pages: 3
...ESL Program Analysis Aretha Austin Grand Canyon University EED-544 Prescriptive Reading and Assessment January17, 2011 Introduction Research in educational and literature setting points out that English language learners (ELLs) are learners who have limited proficiency in the English language. They are learners that have been identified as a subgroup of people that is growing fast. Throughout the United States, school districts educate over 10 million English language learners that not only differ in language but behaviourism and culture as well. Studies indicate that the learners speak numerous languages; Spanish is the language spoken by more than 65% of the (ELLs). As these numbers continue to increase, many school systems are encountering pressure and challenges that are forcing them to incorporate programs ad or modify lesson plans in order to educate the English language learners. Over the past two years, in the state of Alabama, more than twenty thousand English language learners K-12 grade have made significant progress in academic; with a 72% graduation rate. The Top Five Languages represented by ELs in Alabama’s K-12 Program are 18115 Spanish, 526 Korean, 456 Vietnamese, 429 Arabic, and 309 Chinese. The six K-12 schools in the Russell County School District/my local school, offers about 25 ELLs education in English as a Second Language, in addition, assistance in reading, math and writing. The county also offers after school tutoring in basic skills...
Words: 1143 - Pages: 5
...The student, I did Student Oral Language Observation Matrix with was Julio Morillo. She is an 8th grader and Spanish is her first language. The classroom is a Transitional Bilingual class which consists of nine to ten students. All of the students speak Spanish except one whose first language is Russian. The teacher in the classroom speaks Spanish when the students don’t understand certain words. Also, there is an additional assistant teacher who is a Spanish speaker and she is there to help the students who struggle understanding English. The topic I choose to talk about with the student is subjects. She chose to talk about math because she likes it and it’s fun. Also, she said that math is less work than other subjects where you don’t have...
Words: 465 - Pages: 2
...Paul Herzog ESL-223N 10-26-2014 Professor Deborah Macias ELL Placement Assessments Essay A student’s education is a critical time in their lives to learn and comprehend as much as possible. It is an even more critical time for ELL student’s to learn and comprehend the complexity and variety of vocabulary and phrases that may come with a new language. Schools and educators need to make sure that the right tests and assessments are in place to help determine where ELL students may or will need the most help in learning and comprehending a new language. By having the right placement tests for ELL students to take schools and educators will ensure that the ELL students get most benefit and success from their education. Two ELL instructors that were interviewed stated that the STAR test is used to assess students’ skills and abilities and the test is computerized. STAR testing aligns with the state standards and tests students to see if they are below, at, or above the states standard. Those students below the standard are referred to receive extra instruction to help them reach the state standards. Fountas and Pinnell is another assessment that is used by the instructors to assess students abilities and determine what areas they extra instruction in advance their learning and comprehension. A formal version of the Fountas and Pinnell assessment is used at the start of the school year to assess which areas students may need to meet with specialized instructors to help...
Words: 1026 - Pages: 5